The investigators thus propose a comparative effectiveness quality improvement project to evaluate the feasibility of switching from near-exclusive use of isoflurane in adult general surgical patients to Desflurane.

开始日期2024-07-01

申办/合作机构

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

NCT06311604 / Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

Evaluation of the Safety of Inhaled Sedation With Isoflurane in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Intensive care management of patient with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) includes deep and prolonged sedation with intravenous hypnotics (propofol, midazolam, ketamine) in combination with opioids to prevent and/or treat episodes of intracranial hypertension. However, some patients may develop tachyphylaxis with a gradual increase of administered intravenous hypnotics and opioids to maintain the same level of sedation. This situation leads to a failure in controlling intracranial pressure (ICP) and/or to the risk of adverse effects due to high-dose sedatives: haemodynamic instability, prolonged mechanical ventilation, neuromyopathy, delirium, withdrawal syndrome.
Halogenated agents (Isoflurane, Sevoflurane) are a class of hypnotics routinely used in the operating room. However, doses used in surgical patients (> 1 Minimal Alveolar Concentration, MAC) are not suitable in neuro-intensive care unit (ICU) patients at risk of intracranial hypertension because of the cerebral vasodilator effects of halogenated agents at this dosage, hence the risk of high ICP and compromised cerebral perfusion pressure.
The use of halogenated agents has been recently possible in the ICU through dedicated medical devices (Sedaconda ACD, Mirus). Recommended dosage are lower in the ICU, i.e. 0.3-0.7 MAC, because of their association with intravenous hypnotics and the absence of surgical stimuli. Several clinical studies in general ICUs showed improved sedation quality, reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, faster arousal and shorter extubation time, and lower costs in halogenated group compared with control group receiving midazolam or propofol. At low doses, the effects on ICP and intracerebral haemodynamics of halogenated agents are minor according to the available literature. In addition, beneficial effects were found on cerebral ischaemic volume in animal models treated with halogenated agents. However, there is a need to explore the benefit-risk ratio of the use of halogenated agents in the severe TBI population.
The investigator hypothesise that 0.7 MAC Isoflurane can be administered in this population without deleterious effect on ICP.

开始日期2024-04-01

申办/合作机构

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble

NCT05830864 / Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

Multicenter Retrospective Study of Isoflurane in Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus (I-Seizure)

Isoflurane might be used as anticonvulsive therapy in refractory status epilepticus. The aim of the study is to assess the efficiency of Isoflurane in this indication.

开始日期2024-03-01

申办/合作机构-

100 项与异氟烷相关的临床结果

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项与异氟烷相关的文献（医药）

2024-05-01·Microvascular research

Sedation with propofol and isoflurane differs in terms of microcirculatory parameters: A randomized animal study using dorsal skinfold chamber mouse model

Article

作者: Kwon, Jae-Young ; Cho, Ah-Reum ; Kim, Eunsoo ; Lee, Hyeon Jeong ; Kim, Haekyu ; Kang, Christine

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to explore the effects of sedative doses of propofol and isoflurane on microcirculation in septic mice compared to controls. Isoflurane, known for its potential as a sedation drug in bedside applications, lacks clarity regarding its impact on the microcirculation system. The hypothesis was that propofol would exert a more pronounced influence on the microvascular flow index, particularly amplified in septic conditions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Randomized study was conducted from December 2020 to October 2021 involved 60 BALB/c mice, with 52 mice analyzed. Dorsal skinfold chambers were implanted, followed by intraperitoneal injections of either sterile 0.9 % saline or lipopolysaccharide for the control and sepsis groups, respectively. Both groups received propofol or isoflurane treatment for 120 min. Microcirculatory parameters were obtained via incident dark-field microscopy videos, along with the mean blood pressure and heart rate at three time points: before sedation (T0), 30 min after sedation (T30), and 120 min after sedation (T120). Endothelial glycocalyx thickness and syndecan-1 concentration were also analyzed.

RESULTS:

In healthy controls, both anesthetics reduced blood pressure. However, propofol maintained microvascular flow, differing significantly from isoflurane at T120 (propofol, 2.8 ± 0.3 vs. isoflurane, 1.6 ± 0.9; P < 0.001). In the sepsis group, a similar pattern occurred at T120 without statistical significance (propofol, 1.8 ± 1.1 vs. isoflurane, 1.2 ± 0.7; P = 0.023). Syndecan-1 levels did not differ between agents, but glycocalyx thickness index was significantly lower in the isoflurane-sepsis group than propofol (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Propofol potentially offers protective action against microvascular flow deterioration compared to isoflurane, observed in control mice. Furthermore, a lower degree of sepsis-induced glycocalyx degradation was evident with propofol compared to isoflurane.

2024-04-01·CNS & neurological disorders drug targets

Anaesthesia-induced Changes in Genomic Expression Leading to Neurodegeneration

Review

作者: Al-Abbasi, Fahad A ; Kazmi, Imran ; Almalki, Waleed Hassan ; Altamimi, Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz ; Gupta, Gaurav ; Afzal, Obaid ; Najmi, Asim ; Alharbi, Khalid Saad ; Alzarea, Sami I ; Albratty, Mohammed

Abstract::

General anaesthetics (GA) have been in continuous clinical use for more than 170 years, with millions of young and elderly populations exposed to GA to relieve perioperative discomfort and carry out invasive examinations. Preclinical studies have shown that neonatal rodents with acute and chronic exposure to GA suffer from memory and learning deficits, likely due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, which has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the mechanisms behind anaesthesia-induced alterations in late postnatal mice have yet to be established. In this narrative review, we present the current state of knowledge on early life anaesthesia exposure-mediated alterations of genetic expression, focusing on insights gathered on propofol, ketamine, and isoflurane, as well as the relationship between network effects and subsequent biochemical changes that lead to long-term neurocognitive abnormalities. Our review provides strong evidence and a clear picture of anaesthetic agents' pathological events and associated transcriptional changes, which will provide new insights for researchers to elucidate the core ideas and gain an in-depth understanding of molecular and genetic mechanisms. These findings are also helpful in generating more evidence for understanding the exacerbated neuropathology, impaired cognition, and LTP due to acute and chronic exposure to anaesthetics, which will be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Given the many procedures in medical practice that require continuous or multiple exposures to anaesthetics, our review will provide great insight into the possible adverse impact of these substances on the human brain and cognition.

2024-04-01·Anesthesia and analgesia

A Spatial Memory Deficit in Male But Not Female Rats After Neonatal Diazepam Exposure: A New Model for Developmental Sedative Neurotoxicity

Article

作者: Chinn, Gregory A. ; Cummins, Marcus H. ; Sall, Jeffrey W.

BACKGROUND::

Developmental anesthetic neurotoxicity is well described in animal models for GABAergic, sedating drugs. Here we investigate the role of the benzodiazepine, diazepam on spatial and recognition memory of young adult rats after neonatal exposure.

METHODS::

On postnatal day 7, male (n = 30) and female (n = 30) rats were exposed to diazepam (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle. On postnatal day 42, animals started a series of behavioral tests including Barnes maze (spatial memory), object recognition battery (recognition memory), and open field and elevated plus maze (anxiety). In a separate cohort, blood gases were obtained from diazepam-exposed animals and compared to isoflurane-exposed animals (1 MAC for 4 hours).

RESULTS::

Male animals exposed to diazepam had impaired performance in the Barnes maze and were unable to differentiate the goal quadrant from chance (1-sample t test; tdiazepam/male (14) = 1.49, P = .158). Female rats exposed to diazepam performed the same as the vehicle controls (tdiazepam/female (12) = 3.4, P = .005, tvehicle/female (14) = 3.62, P = .003, tvehicle/male (13) = 4.76, P < .001). There were no statistical differences in either males or females in measures of recognition memory, anxiety, or locomotor activity in other behavioral tests. Physiologic measurements of arterial blood gases taken from animals under sedation with diazepam were much less aberrant than those exposed to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane by t test (pHdiazepam [M = 7.56, standard deviation {SD} = 0.11] versus pHIsoflurane [M = 7.15, SD = 0.02], t(10) = 8.93, P < .001; Paco2diazepam [M = 32.8 mm Hg, SD = 10.1] versus Paco2Isoflurane [M = 91.8 mm Hg, SD = 5.8], t(10) = 8.93, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS::

The spatial memory results are consistent with volatile anesthetic suggesting a model in which development of the GABA system plays a critical role in determining susceptibility to behavioral deficits.

项与异氟烷相关的新闻（医药）

2024-05-29

·PRNewswire

Sedana Medical completes patient recruitment for its clinical program in the US

STOCKHOLM, May 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Sedana Medical AB (publ) announces that all 235 randomized patients have been recruited for its INSPiRE-ICU 2 phase III clinical trial in the United States. Earlier this spring, Sedana Medical reported the completion of enrolment to the parallel phase III clinical trial INSPiRE-ICU 1. The company anticipates topline results from both trials in the second half of 2024, with a planned New Drug Application (NDA) submission in the first quarter of 2025. "The completion of INSPiRE-ICU 2 concludes Sedana Medical´s clinical trials in the United States. Running this study together with esteemed clinical investigators from highly ranked academic centers such as Columbia, the Harvard-affiliated medical center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and many others has been very exciting and rewarding. Many investigators from the participating sites have been excited to be part of our pioneering studies. The bedside experience in the studies has generated a lot of interest in using inhaled sedation in US practice, which we hope will be possible soon," said Peter Sackey, Chief Medical Officer of Sedana Medical. Peter Sackey further elaborated: "We now enter into an intense phase of final monitoring, data cleaning and transfer to our statistician team for analysis. In parallel, the long-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months are being collected centrally by the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship team at Vanderbilt Medical Center. With this parallel approach, we expect topline results for the 30-day outcomes in both studies a few months´ apart before the end of this year, and a swift regulatory submission in Q1, 2025." "The inhaled sedative isoflurane, studied in this trial, is a mainstay of general anesthesia during surgery because of its unique and straightforward pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, properties that may potentially also benefit ICU patients. We are very excited to complete enrolment in this trial and eagerly await results evaluating its potential use as a sedative for ventilator-dependent adult ICU patients in the US," said Jeremy Beitler, MD, MPH at Columbia University and Senior Lead Investigator for the INSPiRE-ICU 2 study. Johannes Doll, President and CEO of Sedana Medical, stated: "Completing enrolment of our clinical program marks an important milestone on our journey towards making inhaled sedation accessible to intensive care patients in the United States. I would like to sincerely thank all our clinical trial sites, partners, and the Sedana Medical team for this significant achievement. It makes me very proud that we have been able to convene this exceptional group of intensive care teams from some of the most prominent US hospitals. Their advice and support will be invaluable as we work towards launching our inhaled therapy on the US market." INSPiRE-ICU 1 and 2 are two identical randomized phase III trials, aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety for sedation with isoflurane delivered via Sedana Medical's unique medical device Sedaconda ACD. The primary endpoint is the proportion of time spent at adequate depth of sedation, compared with intravenous sedation using propofol. In addition, several important secondary endpoints are being studied, including opioid use, time to wake-up, cognitive recovery and spontaneous breathing. The first patient was included in April 2022, and 31 highly reputed clinics in the United States are involved in the two trials. The design of the US studies is similar to the Sedaconda study (SED001) successfully performed in Europe in 2017–2019, which resulted in market approval in 2021. For additional information, please contact: Johannes Doll, CEO, +46 (0)76 303 66 66 Johan Spetz, CFO, +46 (0)730 36 37 89 [email protected] About Sedana Medical Sedana Medical AB (publ) is a pioneer medtech and pharmaceutical company focused on inhaled sedation to improve the patient's life during and beyond sedation. Through the combined strengths of the medical device Sedaconda ACD and the pharmaceutical Sedaconda (isoflurane), Sedana Medical provides inhaled sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care. Sedana Medical has direct sales in Benelux, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Nordics, and Spain. In other parts of Europe as well as in Asia, Australia, Canada, and South- and Central America, the company works with external distributors. Sedana Medical was founded in 2005, is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (SEDANA) and headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. This information was brought to you by Cision The following files are available for download:

临床3期

2024-04-25

·PRNewswire

Sedana Medical completes patient recruitment for INSPiRE-ICU 1 clinical trial in the US

STOCKHOLM, April 25, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Sedana Medical AB (publ) announces that all 235 randomized patients have been recruited for its INSPiRE-ICU 1 phase III clinical trial in the United States. Concurrently, the identical INSPiRE-ICU 2 trial is nearing completion, with 23 of 235 randomized patients remaining. The company anticipates topline results from both trials in the second half of 2024, with a planned New Drug Application (NDA) submission in the first quarter of 2025. "The completion of the INSPiRE-ICU 1 study marks a true milestone for Sedana Medical. Launching the randomized controlled multicenter studies across the large and diverse US healthcare landscape, in mixed surgical and medical ICUs with a different staffing and workflow compared to Europe, has been exciting. There is a lot of enthusiasm and interest in using inhaled sedation in US practice, which we hope will be possible soon", said Peter Sackey, Chief Medical Officer of Sedana Medical. Peter Sackey further elaborated: "Once the 30-day follow-up of all patients is complete, we will enter into an intense phase of final monitoring, data cleaning and transfer to our statistician team for analysis. In parallel, the long-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months will be collected centrally by the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship team at Vanderbilt Medical Center. With this parallel approach, we expect topline results in the autumn of this year and a swift regulatory submission in Q1, 2025". "Working on these trials from initial design to implementation and completion has been very rewarding and has brought together many experienced clinical researchers in critical care across the US. We, and the clinicians at the bedside, are eager to see inhaled sedation available also in the US", said Christopher Hughes, Professor of Anesthesiology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Senior Lead Investigator for the INSPiRE-ICU 1 study. Johannes Doll, President and CEO of Sedana Medical, expressed gratitude, stating: "I would like to sincerely thank all our clinical trial sites, partners, and the Sedana Medical team for this significant achievement. It makes me very proud that we have been able to convene this exceptional group of intensive care teams from some of the most prominent US hospitals. Their advice and support will be invaluable as we work towards making the benefits of inhaled sedation accessible to patients in the United States." INSPiRE-ICU 1 and 2 are two identical randomized phase III trials, aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety for sedation with isoflurane delivered via Sedana Medical's unique medical device Sedaconda ACD. The primary endpoint is the proportion of time spent at adequate depth of sedation, compared with intravenous sedation using propofol. In addition, several important secondary endpoints are being studied, including opioid use, time to wake-up, cognitive recovery and spontaneous breathing. The first patient was included in April 2022, and 31 highly reputed clinics in the United States are involved in the two trials. The design of the US studies is similar to the Sedaconda study (SED001) successfully performed in Europe in 2017–2019, which resulted in market approval in 2021. For additional information, please contact: Johannes Doll, CEO, +46 (0)76 303 66 66 Johan Spetz, CFO, +46 (0)730 36 37 89 [email protected] About Sedana Medical Sedana Medical AB (publ) is a pioneer medtech and pharmaceutical company focused on inhaled sedation to improve the patient's life during and beyond sedation. Through the combined strengths of the medical device Sedaconda ACD and the pharmaceutical Sedaconda (isoflurane), Sedana Medical provides inhaled sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care. Sedana Medical has direct sales in Benelux, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Nordics, and Spain. In other parts of Europe as well as in Asia, Australia, Canada, and South- and Central America, the company works with external distributors. Sedana Medical was founded in 2005, is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (SEDANA) and headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. This information was brought to you by Cision The following files are available for download:

临床3期申请上市

2024-04-21

·生物探索

Adv Sci | 空军军医大学陈俊/武俊杰发现糖尿病前期神经病理性疼痛新型治疗靶点

引言即使没有高血糖症，糖尿病前期也可能发生神经性疼痛。糖尿病前期神经性疼痛（PDNP）的存在给糖尿病前期患者的治疗带来了难题。然而，仍不清楚这一疼痛背后的作用机制。2024年4月16日，空军军医大学陈俊及武俊杰共同通讯在Advanced Science 在线发表题为“Sortilin-Mediated Inhibition of TREK1/2 Channels in Primary Sensory Neurons Promotes Prediabetic Neuropathic Pain”的研究论文，该研究旨在探讨PDNP的发生机制并确定潜在的治疗靶点。由高能量饮食诱导的糖尿病前期动物模型表现出异常性机械疼痛和热痛觉过敏。此外，这些大鼠的背根神经节（DRG）神经元中出现过度兴奋和钾电流减少。TREK1和TREK2通道属于双孔结构域K+通道（K2P）家族，在控制细胞兴奋中起重要作用，但在DRG神经元中出现下调。研究发现，这一改变由Sortilin调控，Sortilin是一种调节TREK1表达的分子伴侣。Sortilin的过表达对TREK1和TREK2的表达产生负面影响，导致大鼠DRG神经元兴奋性增加和外周疼痛敏感性增强，通过遗传或药理学方法下调Sortilin或激活TREK1/TREK2通道可以缓解PDNP。因此，靶向Sortilin介导的TREK1/2通路为改善PDNP提供了一种潜在治疗方法。葡萄糖耐受异常（IGT）或胰岛素抵抗受损但不符合II型糖尿病诊断标准的个体通常被认为是糖尿病前期。据报道，在葡萄糖代谢障碍的初始阶段会出现神经病变。与糖尿病神经性并发症仅在长期高血糖后发生的观点相反，糖尿病前期神经病变（PDN）出现在高血糖发作之前。此外，部分研究强调了糖尿病前期慢性轴突多发性神经病变的发生，这是神经性疼痛的主要原因，也是糖尿病足溃疡的起始因素。因此，许多糖尿病前期患者可能会出现周围神经病变或神经性疼痛，其特征是周围神经的远端到近端变性，导致疼痛、虚弱和最终的感觉丧失。大约50-60%的糖尿病前期患者患有持续性糖尿病前期神经性疼痛（PDNP），由于缺乏对PDNP发生机制的了解，仍缺乏有效的治疗方法。高能量饮食（HED）诱导的糖尿病前期动物模型具有可重复性和临床相关性，被广泛用于探索糖尿病前期和PDNP的发病机制。HED喂养后，大鼠逐渐出现IGT和胰岛素浓度升高，还出现明显的疼痛性神经病变和神经传导缺陷。然而，过去几十年中，缺乏神经电生理学和组织学数据来证明糖尿病前期存在PDNP。近年来，相关学者对糖尿病前期周围神经的形态特征进行了研究。结果表明，髓鞘是松散的，无序的，部分破裂成囊泡样膜碎片。此外，超微结构病理研究表明无髓鞘神经纤维中存在轴突病变。几项调查糖尿病前期神经功能的研究报道轴突中Ca2+水平显著降低、神经传导延缓且周围神经系统（PNS）中神经元线粒体功能受损。糖尿病前期相关神经病变的发展也可能受到复杂致病因素的影响。目前，仍不清楚PDNP背后的分子机制。DRG神经元中TREK1表达谱的特征表明，糖尿病前期大鼠NF200、IB4和CGRP阳性神经元中TREK1的表达降低（Credit: Advanced Science ）电压依赖性Na+和K+通道的顺序激活可影响神经兴奋性和膜活性特性，也是参与去极化和复极化的两种重要离子通道。双孔域K+通道（K2P）是K+通道的重要分支，是钾电流的主要关联分子，在控制细胞兴奋性方面发挥重要作用。哺乳动物中，K2P家族由15个不同成员组成，根据序列相似性分为6个亚家族。其中，TWIK相关的K1通道（TREK）亚家族在神经系统中广泛表达，尤其是在PNS中，包括三个成员：TREK-1、TREK-2和TWIK相关花生四烯酸激活的K1通道（TRAAK）。这些亚家族成员表现出超过78%的序列同源性，且部分激活机制相同，能够被膜拉伸和肿胀、细胞酸化（pHi）、温度升高、多不饱和脂肪酸（如花生四烯酸、溶血磷脂和磷脂酰肌醇4，5-二磷酸）以及挥发性麻醉剂（如氟烷和异氟烷）激活。因此，这些通道在麻醉、神经保护、抑郁和疼痛等多种生理和病理过程中发挥作用。就细胞电生理特性而言，三个K2P通道对DRG神经元中的背景K+电流具有显著影响，其主要发生器是TREK2通道（69%），其次是TREK-1通道（12%）和TRAAK通道（3%）。近期证据表明，各种TREK通道在慢性疼痛的处理过程中起着至关重要的作用。利用转基因技术，相关学者发现缺乏TREK1或TREK2通道的小鼠对热和机械刺激都表现出超敏反应。疼痛动物模型研究表明，TREK1和TREK2通道在调节各种情况下的伤害感受性超敏反应中起着至关重要的作用，如偏头痛、脊神经结扎（SNL）诱导的神经性疼痛、福尔马林诱导的炎性疼痛、前列腺炎疼痛和奥沙利铂诱导的疼痛。因此，TREK1和TREK2通道可以作为镇痛的分子靶点。然而，尚不清楚TREK1和TREK2通道在糖尿病前期引起的神经病理性疼痛中的作用机制。此外，细胞内分选和支架蛋白可以调节TREK通道的表达，如Sortilin、微管相关蛋白2和外壳蛋白复合物1是TREK1表达的潜在调节因子。Sortilin是一种分选蛋白，在中枢神经系统（CNS）和其他细胞类型（如脂肪细胞、肝细胞和巨噬细胞）中大量表达，在蛋白质运输和葡萄糖及脂质代谢调节中起关键作用。据报道，神经系统中Sortilin可调节皮质神经元膜上TREK1的表达，并作为分子抗抑郁药的靶点。然而，尚不完全清楚Sortilin调节糖尿病前期DRG神经元中TREK1和TREK2表达的机制。总之，调控感觉神经元中TREK1/2通道的表达可能会影响神经元兴奋性和伤害感受，，其可视为治疗疼痛的潜在治疗靶点。该研究确定了TREK1和TREK2在PDNP中的作用，并研究了Sortilin在这些通道中的调节作用。结果表明，Sortilin过表达导致TREK1和TREK2表达降低，有助于调控糖尿病前期大鼠的神经过度兴奋性和伤害感受性超敏反应。原文链接https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/10.1002/advs.202310295责编|探索君排版|探索君文章来源|“iNature”End往期精选围观一文读透细胞死亡(Cell Death) | 24年Cell重磅综述（长文收藏版）热文Nature | 破除传统：为何我们需要重新思考肿瘤的命名方式热文Nature | 2024年值得关注的七项技术热文Nature | 自身免疫性疾病能被治愈吗？科学家们终于看到了希望热文CRISPR技术进化史 | 24年Cell综述

100 项与异氟烷相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00545	异氟烷	N01AB06	DB00753

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麻醉	美国	Baxter Healthcare Corp.	1979-12-18

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT03882788 (CTgov)	N/A	先天性心脏缺损 \| 产妇麻醉和镇痛影响胎儿或新生儿 \| 神经发育障碍	153	Fentanyl (high dose) (Narcotic Based Anesthesia)	遞夢鹹糧願壓鑰構衊糧(網廠獵範蓋壓齋製願鹽) = 蓋餘願選廠糧築膚鹽壓憲艱構鑰糧衊窪夢製積 (壓選蓋鬱製廠膚齋簾製, 鬱網膚醖襯網簾淵艱餘 ~ 鬱選繭顧鬱鏇淵築壓遞) 更多	-	2022-05-09
				Fentanyl (low dose)+Isoflurane (Volatile Anesthesia)	遞夢鹹糧願壓鑰構衊糧(網廠獵範蓋壓齋製願鹽) = 膚網糧廠夢齋觸蓋鏇壓憲艱構鑰糧衊窪夢製積 (壓選蓋鬱製廠膚齋簾製, 鹹夢顧構糧鬱衊齋遞積 ~ 餘觸獵願醖觸艱鑰膚顧) 更多
EUCTR2016-004551-67-SI (Pubmed \| Lancet Respir Med)	临床3期	-	338	Isoflurane via the Sedaconda anaesthetic conserving device	鬱鬱鹹顧襯網壓網憲繭(齋獵壓淵願憲觸範觸鬱) = five [3%] vs four [3%] 顧襯廠糧積餘鏇壓簾鏇 (鹹醖鬱繭簾獵廠選範願 ) 更多	积极	2021-08-26
				Propofol
NCT05830864 (Pubmed \| Neurocrit Care)	N/A	癫痫持续状态	45	Isoflurane	獵蓋淵壓齋膚衊觸構膚(觸構積鑰選鹽壓鬱膚鬱) = 遞窪糧簾衊觸鑰築餘糧餘襯製鹹遞艱鏇廠選鬱 (窪衊艱齋餘齋簾醖積範 )	-	2021-07-20
ESC2020	N/A	心源性休克	32	Isoflurane sedation	鑰繭築遞鬱蓋蓋獵鹹願(鹹廠鏇顧憲遞構繭鬱觸) = 窪積積餘醖築襯鬱襯廠鏇範鏇鹹鑰製製簾鬱鏇 (築選願鑰鏇齋齋廠遞鹽 ) 更多	-	2020-08-28
				Intravenous sedation	鑰繭築遞鬱蓋蓋獵鹹願(鹹廠鏇顧憲遞構繭鬱觸) = 襯選齋廠繭膚選築蓋積鏇範鏇鹹鑰製製簾鬱鏇 (築選願鑰鏇齋齋廠遞鹽 ) 更多
NCT02111447 (CTgov)	临床4期	苏醒期谵妄	6	Propofol (Sevoflurane, Propofol, Nasal Oxygen)	膚衊膚繭糧鑰糧繭範願(廠構齋鏇憲艱艱繭鏇選) = 繭膚網遞衊鹽衊網製憲蓋襯糧築夢獵遞糧壓範 (窪鏇願壓餘簾艱製築齋, 鑰積夢糧艱顧顧獵餘繭 ~ 廠構鏇衊網鹹廠願鏇鏇) 更多	-	2019-07-23
				Sevoflurane (Sevoflurane, Sevoflurane, LMA)	膚衊膚繭糧鑰糧繭範願(廠構齋鏇憲艱艱繭鏇選) = 糧觸夢鏇選製顧壓顧糧蓋襯糧築夢獵遞糧壓範 (窪鏇願壓餘簾艱製築齋, 遞艱憲鹽顧構鏇夢壓顧 ~ 艱顧餘選廠窪衊範衊醖) 更多
NCT02925611 (CTgov)	临床4期	苏醒期谵妄	60	Isoflurane (Isoflurane)	膚積餘鬱艱網積積鬱壓(遞齋夢齋醖簾齋鬱積襯) = 鏇艱選願餘獵顧網夢壓蓋製製鬱構選廠鏇範選 (鬱齋淵廠選網餘淵繭繭, 壓齋餘構積憲願襯壓簾 ~ 夢壓襯糧醖願鏇範簾鏇) 更多	-	2019-06-19
				DESFLURANE (Desflurane)	膚積餘鬱艱網積積鬱壓(遞齋夢齋醖簾齋鬱積襯) = 衊積蓋窪遞窪窪蓋壓齋蓋製製鬱構選廠鏇範選 (鬱齋淵廠選網餘淵繭繭, 製築顧簾網窪範繭艱築 ~ 願壓網醖獵鏇鏇餘壓蓋) 更多
NCT02726620 (CTgov)	N/A	低血压	22,435	Central neuraxial anesthesia+Glycopyrrolate+dopamine+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+desflurane+bupivacaine+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+atropine+Ephedrine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+levobupivacaine+Milrinone+phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Usual Care Group)	鏇醖顧獵製艱鹹淵衊網(齋壓壓鬱膚繭顧蓋衊衊) = 憲鹽糧製築獵簾顧壓蓋鹹窪夢窪夢壓積鏇艱衊 (鹹蓋簾鹽廠願蓋選範鑰, 淵淵鑰製鏇鏇簾蓋窪艱 ~ 膚製憲淵鏇網鹹網衊築) 更多	-	2019-05-16
				Central neuraxial anesthesia+Glycopyrrolate+dopamine+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+desflurane+bupivacaine+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+atropine+Ephedrine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+levobupivacaine+Milrinone+phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Hypotension Decision Support)	鏇醖顧獵製艱鹹淵衊網(齋壓壓鬱膚繭顧蓋衊衊) = 鹽襯繭觸觸餘構壓鹹鏇鹹窪夢窪夢壓積鏇艱衊 (鹹蓋簾鹽廠願蓋選範鑰, 網範餘壓廠壓鬱壓鑰淵 ~ 膚鏇網願壓構憲蓋蓋顧) 更多
NCT02512809 (CTgov)	临床3期	神经炎症 \| 毒性 \| 脑积水	25	isoflurane	餘夢選鬱襯壓憲壓觸顧(築範願網願廠窪糧鑰願) = 憲範憲構醖範衊鬱壓繭艱顧醖壓構醖範餘醖簾 (繭鬱襯鬱簾簾膚簾鹽築, 網鹹願鹹範齋願衊願窪 ~ 膚廠遞鏇蓋鹹鹹製壓觸) 更多	-	2018-12-13
NCT01819012 (Pubmed \| Eur Spine J)	N/A	-	20	Isoflurane	鏇夢鹽襯醖顧觸壓餘觸(鹽鑰淵醖鹹繭衊鹽鑰夢) = 願蓋艱顧鹽遞願鹽淵簾鬱醖淵憲蓋選糧淵鑰窪 (壓蓋齋壓顧範積觸範選, 8.8 ~ 12.2)	-	2018-01-22
NCT01379664 (CTgov)	N/A	-	1,584	Isoflurane (Isoflurane)	壓顧糧齋膚鏇廠廠廠遞(鏇糧積觸遞淵鬱鹹壓顧) = 淵膚膚觸製醖獵鏇夢醖鏇齋鏇簾廠願壓襯糧膚 (獵鹽窪獵襯構鬱製鏇窪, 獵糧獵繭夢襯鹹齋蓋鹽 ~ 鏇繭襯鹽繭衊顧簾鹹鹽) 更多	-	2017-04-10
				Sevoflurane (Sevoflurane)	壓顧糧齋膚鏇廠廠廠遞(鏇糧積觸遞淵鬱鹹壓顧) = 網膚憲憲鏇廠築壓獵繭鏇齋鏇簾廠願壓襯糧膚 (獵鹽窪獵襯構鬱製鏇窪, 遞廠齋簾網衊醖獵衊淵 ~ 遞鹹淵簾獵範獵夢鹹鑰) 更多