Carboplatin

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Geh rig′s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.This leads to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately, respiratory failure (Cha and Kim, 2022).There is currently no cure for ALS.Riluzole, a primary treatment for ALS, has been shown to extend survival by an average of three months.Another drug, Edaravone, has been approved for ALS treatment in some countries; however, its efficacy remains controversial (Cha and Kim, 2022).These drugs target various mechanisms that contribute to neuronal degeneration in ALS, including glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, there remains an unmet need for more effective therapies to halt or reverse disease progression.Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.

The potential impact of concomitant medications such as systemic antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and probiotics in patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) receiving first‐line chemo‐immunotherapy combinations remains unclear. We ran a post hoc analysis of the IMpower133 phase I/III trial, which randomized patients with ES‐SCLC to receive carboplatin/etoposide with either atezolizumab or placebo for 4 cycles, followed by maintenance therapy. We included any systemic antibiotic/probiotic exposure within 42 days prior to treatment initiation and any PPIs treatment within 30 days prior to treatment initiation. We explored the potential prognostic impact of antibiotics, PPIs and probiotics across the atezolizumab/chemotherapy and placebo/chemotherapy arms including the multivariable interaction term between the treatment modality and antibiotics/PPIs/probiotics. The analysis included 198 patients in the atezolizumab/chemotherapy arm and 195 in the placebo/chemotherapy arm. Baseline clinic‐pathologic features were well balanced between the two cohorts, with 17 (8.6%) and 14 (7.2%) patients on antibiotics, 43 (21.7%) and 55 (28.2%) on PPIs, and 3 (1.5%) and 5 (2.6%) on probiotics among the atezolizumab/chemotherapy and placebo/chemotherapy cohorts, respectively. Exposure to antibiotics, PPIs, or probiotics was not associated with overall survival or progression free survival in either cohort. Furthermore, interaction terms between these medications and treatment modalities were not statistically significant. Baseline use of antibiotics, PPIs or probiotics did not influence clinical outcomes in patients with ES‐SCLC treated with first‐line atezolizumab/placebo plus chemotherapy, suggesting that they may not have a notable impact on clinical outcomes and could be considered for use in this patient population when necessary.