Lenalidomide

2024 Revenues of $16.5 billion reflect an increase of 6%, in local currency terms, compared to 2023;AUSTEDO® - exceeding $1.6 billion in revenues, surpassing 2024 outlook;AJOVY® - global annual revenues of $507 million, an increase of 18% in local currency terms compared to 2023;UZEDY® revenues of $117 million in 2024 surpassing $100M outlook;Generics business continues to grow across all segments, with increases of 15% in the U.S., 6% in Europe and 15% in International Markets, all in local currency terms compared to 2023;First-to-market launches including first generic version of Sandostatin® LAR Depot and liraglutide injection 1.8mg (an authorized generic of Victoza®); On January 2025, Teva entered into a license and supply agreement, for a proposed generic GLP1 in the U.S., Europe and additional countries;Biosimilar pipeline is expanding, and now includes 18 assets, including SELARSDITM, which is expected to launch in the U.S. in the first quarter of 2025; and our first internally developed biosimilar to Prolia® (denosumab), which is under regulatory review in the U.S. and in Europe;Duvakitug (Anti-TL1A) positive Phase 2B results announced and initiation of Phase 3 program is expected in 2025; olanzapine LAI achieved Phase 3 targeted injections without PDSS (post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome), and full safety presentation is expected in the second quarter of 2025. Q4 2024 and FY 2024 highlights: Q4 2024FY 2024Revenues $4.2 billion$16.5 billionGAAP loss per share $0.19 $1.45Non-GAAP diluted EPS $0.71$2.49Cash flow generated from operating activities $575 million$1,247 millionFree cash flow $790 million$2,068 million 2025 Outlook * Revenues of $16.8 - $17.4 billionNon-GAAP operating income of $4.1-$4.6 billionAdjusted EBITDA of $4.5 - $5.0 billionNon-GAAP diluted EPS of $2.35 - $2.65Free cash flow of $1.6 - $1.9 billion * 2025 outlook assumes a full year contribution from Teva api and our business venture in Japan and excludes the expected income from potential milestone payments from Sanofi in connection with the Phase 3 initiation of duvakitug. TEL AVIV, Israel, Jan. 29, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (NYSE and TASE: TEVA) today reported results for the year and the quarter ended December 31, 2024. Mr. Richard Francis, Teva's President and CEO, said: "2024 marked a transformative year for Teva, resulting in a second consecutive year of growth, driven by our generic products and key innovative products. Focusing on rigorous execution of our Pivot to Growth strategy throughout the year, we continued to achieve important milestones in each of its four pillars, including surpassing the outlook for our key innovative products, growing our generics business across all segments, and accelerating our early-stage innovative pipeline, including the positive Phase 2b results for our duvakitug (anti-Tl1A) asset. These results pave the way for pivotal trials in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as, potentially, other Immunological and fibrotic indications beyond, in collaboration with our partner, Sanofi." Mr. Francis continued, "In 2025, we anticipate further progress in our key innovative growth drivers, while also executing on our complex generics and biosimilars business, supported by new product launches. We are also excited to advance to Phase 3 trials for our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset." Pivot to Growth Strategy In 2024, we continued to execute on the four key pillars of our “Pivot to Growth” strategy, which we announced in May 2023. On the first pillar, delivering on our growth engines, we continued to show strong performance of our key innovative products, mainly AUSTEDO, AJOVY, and UZEDY, as well as on our late-stage pipeline of biosimilars, with the launches of SIMLANDI® (adalimumab-ryvk) injection and the expected launch of SELARSDI (ustekinumab-aekn) injection, and the progress we made on our proposed biosimilars to Prolia®(denosumab), Simponi® and Simponi Aria® (golimumab), which were submitted for regulatory review in the U.S. and the EU; On the second pillar, stepping up innovation through delivering on our late-stage innovative pipeline, we have been accelerating the development of certain key pipeline assets, including the recent positive Phase 2b results for duvakitug (anti-TL1A), and expect a number of milestones and data points for olanzapine LAI, and DARI (dual-action asthma rescue inhaler, ICS/SABA) in the near future; On the third pillar, sustaining our generics powerhouse with a global commercial footprint, focused portfolio, pipeline and manufacturing footprint, we continued to optimize our generics business and build a strong pipeline of biosimilars, with several successful launches of high-value complex generics in 2024; andLastly, on our fourth pillar, focusing our business by optimizing our portfolio and global manufacturing footprint. This will enable strategic capital deployment, to accelerate our growth engines, and reorganize certain of our business units to a more optimal structure. We continued our efforts on capital allocation and disciplined cost management by focusing on debt repayment, and optimizing our working capital management.Teva continues to progress with the sale of its active-pharmaceutical ingredient (API) business and is engaged with prospective purchasers. The timing and structure of the planned transaction are subject to ongoing consideration and the consummation of the sale remains contingent on reaching a definitive agreement, subject to approval by Teva's Board of Directors. On December 31, 2024, Teva classified its API business (including its R&D, manufacturing and commercial activities) as held for sale. 2024 Annual Consolidated Results Revenues in 2024 were $16,544 million, an increase of 4%, in U.S. dollars, or 6% in local currency terms, compared to 2023. This increase was mainly due to higher revenues from generic products in all our segments, including from lenalidomide capsules (the generic version of Revlimid®) in our U.S. segment, from our innovative products AUSTEDO, UZEDY and AJOVY, as well as the sale of certain product rights, partially offset by an upfront payment of $500 million received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, and lower revenues from certain innovative products, primarily COPAXONE and BENDEKA and TREANDA. Exchange rate movements during 2024, net of hedging effects, negatively impacted overall revenues by $257 million, operating income by $103 million and non-GAAP operating income by $104 million, each as compared to 2023. Gross profit in 2024 was $8,064 million, an increase of 5% compared to 2023. Gross profit margin was 48.7% in 2024, compared to 48.2% in 2023. This increase in gross profit margin was mainly due to a favorable mix of products, primarily driven by higher revenues from AUSTEDO and lenalidomide capsules (the generic version of Revlimid®), and the sale of certain product rights, partially offset by an upfront payment received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset. Non-GAAP gross profit was $8,814 million in 2024, an increase of 4% compared to 2023. Non-GAAP gross profit margin was 53.3% in 2024, compared to 53.5% in 2023. This decrease was mainly due to an upfront payment received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, and lower revenues from COPAXONE, partially offset by higher revenues from AUSTEDO, the sale of certain product rights, as well as higher revenues from lenalidomide capsules (the generic version of Revlimid®). Research and Development (R&D) expenses, net in 2024 were $998 million, an increase of 5% compared to $953 million in 2023, as we continue to execute on our Pivot to Growth strategy. Our higher R&D expenses, net in 2024, compared to 2023, were mainly due to an increase in immunology and in immuno-oncology, our late-stage innovative pipeline in neuroscience (mainly neuropsychiatry), and our biosimilars pipeline, partially offset by a decline in various generics projects. Our R&D expenses, net in 2024 were also impacted positively by reimbursements from our strategic partnerships entered in 2023 and 2024. Selling and Marketing (S&M) expenses in 2024 were $2,541 million, an increase of 9% compared to 2023. This increase was mainly to support revenue growth. General and Administrative (G&A) expenses in 2024 were $1,161 million, flat compared to 2023. Other income in 2024 was $14 million, compared to $49 million in 2023. Other income in 2023 included a capital gain from the sale of assets in our International Markets segment. Operating loss was $303 million in 2024, compared to operating income of $433 million in 2023. Operating loss as a percentage of revenues was 1.8% in 2024, compared to operating income as a percentage of revenues of 2.7% in 2023. This decrease was mainly due to higher goodwill and other assets impairment charges as well as increased S&M expenses, partially offset by higher gross profit and lower legal settlements and loss contingencies. Non-GAAP operating income was $4,329 million in 2024, representing a non-GAAP operating margin of 26.2% compared to $4,361 million, representing a non-GAAP operating margin of 27.5% of revenues in 2023. The decrease in non-GAAP operating margin was mainly due to higher operating expenses as a percentage of revenues, as well as lower non-GAAP gross profit margin, as discussed above. In 2024, financial expenses, net were $981 million, compared to $1,057 million in 2023. Financial expenses in 2024 and 2023 were mainly comprised of net-interest expenses of $915 million, and $961 million, respectively. In 2024, we recognized a tax expense of $676 million on a pre-tax loss of $1,284 million. In 2023, we recognized a tax benefit of $7 million, on a pre-tax loss of $624 million. Our effective tax rate is the result of a variety of factors, including the geographic mix and type of products sold during the year, different effective tax rates applicable to non-Israeli subsidiaries that have tax rates different than Teva’s average tax rate, a settlement agreement with the Israeli Tax Authorities, impairment charges with no corresponding tax effects, net deferred tax benefits from intellectual property related integration plans, an adjustment to the Company’s corporate tax rate in Israel on losses related to non-qualified tax incentive activities in Israel, adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, adjustments to uncertain tax positions and interest expense disallowances. Non-GAAP tax rate for 2024 was 15.3%, compared to 13.0% in 2023. Our non-GAAP tax rate of 2024 was the result of a variety of factors, including the geographic mix and type of products sold during the year, different effective tax rates applicable to non-Israeli subsidiaries that have tax rates different than Teva’s average tax rate, net deferred tax benefits from intellectual property-related integration plans, adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, adjustments to uncertain tax positions and interest expense disallowances. Net loss attributable to Teva and loss per share in 2024 were $1,639 million and $1.45, respectively, compared to net loss attributable to Teva of $559 million and loss per share of $0.50, respectively, in 2023. The change in net loss attributable to Teva was mainly due to higher income taxes, as well as higher operating loss in 2024, partially offset by higher net loss attributable to non-controlling interests. Non-GAAP net income attributable to Teva and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share in 2024 were $2,860 million and $2.49, respectively, compared to $2,898 million and $2.56 in 2023. Adjusted EBITDA was $4,781 million in 2024, compared to $4,818 million in 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fully diluted share count for purposes of calculating our market capitalization was approximately 1,174 million and 1,157 million, respectively. Non-GAAP information: net non-GAAP adjustments in 2024 were $4,499 million. Non-GAAP net income attributable to Teva and non-GAAP diluted EPS for the year were adjusted to exclude the following items: Amortization of purchased intangible assets totaling $588 million, of which $543 million is included in cost of goods sold and the remaining $45 million in S&M expenses;Legal settlements and loss contingencies of $761 million mainly related to a provision of $357 million recorded in connection with a decision by the European Commission in its antitrust investigation into COPAXONE, and $278 million related to an update to the estimated settlement provision for the opioid cases (mainly the effect of the passage of time on the net present value of the discounted payments and the settlement agreement with the city of Baltimore);Goodwill impairment charges of $1,280 million related to the Teva API reporting unit;Impairment of long-lived assets of $1,275 million mainly related to the classification of our business venture in Japan and our API business as held for sale;Restructuring expenses of $74 million;Equity compensation expenses of $123 million;Contingent consideration expenses of $303 million;Gain on sale of business of $15 million;Accelerated depreciation of $13 million;Financial expenses of $49 million;Items attributable to non-controlling interests of $339 million;Other non-GAAP items of $229 million; andCorresponding tax effects and unusual tax items expenses of $157 million. We believe that excluding such items facilitates investors’ understanding of our business including underlying performance trends, thereby improving the comparability of our business performance results between reporting periods. For a reconciliation of the U.S. GAAP results to the adjusted non-GAAP figures and for additional information, see the tables below and the information included under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Investors should consider non-GAAP financial measures in addition to, and not as replacement for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Cash flow generated from operating activities in 2024 was $1,247 million, compared to $1,368 million in 2023. The decrease in 2024 resulted mainly from an upfront payment received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, a negative impact from accounts payables, the classification of payments to Allergan in connection with lenalidomide (generic equivalent of Revlimid®) as cash flow used in operating activities, and higher tax payments, partially offset by higher profits from AUSTEDO and from the sale of certain product rights, lower inventory levels, and a positive impact from accounts receivables. During 2024, we generated free cash flow of $2,068 million, which we define as comprising $1,247 million in cash flow generated from operating activities, $1,291 million in beneficial interest collected in exchange for securitized accounts receivables (under our EU securitization program) and $43 million proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets, partially offset by $498 million in cash used for capital investments and $15 million in cash used for acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired. During 2023, we generated free cash flow of $2,387 million, which we define as comprising $1,368 million in cash flow generated from operating activities, $1,477 million in beneficial interest collected in exchange for securitized accounts receivables (under our EU securitization program) and $68 million proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets, partially offset by $526 million in cash used for capital investments. The decrease in 2024 resulted mainly from lower cash flow generated from operating activities. As of December 31, 2024, our debt was $17,783 million, compared to $19,833 million as of December 31, 2023. This decrease was mainly due to the repayment at maturity of $1,641 million of our senior notes and $429 million of exchange rate fluctuations. The portion of total debt classified as short-term as of December 31, 2024 was 10%, compared to 8% as of December 31, 2023. Our average debt maturity was approximately 5.5 years as of December 31, 2024, compared to 6.0 years as of December 31, 2023. Fourth Quarter 2024 Consolidated Results Revenues in fourth quarter of 2024 were $4,229 million, a decrease of 5% in both U.S. dollars and in local currency terms, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. This decrease was mainly due to an upfront payment of $500 million received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, partially offset by higher revenues from our innovative products AUSTEDO, UZEDY and AJOVY, from generic products in all our segments and from the sale of certain product rights. Exchange rate movements during the fourth quarter of 2024, net of hedging effects, negatively impacted overall revenues by $8 million, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Gross profit in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $2,120 million, a decrease of 12% compared to $2,416 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Gross profit margin was 50.1% in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to 54.2% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Non-GAAP gross profit was $2,319 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, a decrease of 11%, compared to $2,592 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Non-GAAP gross profit margin was 54.8% in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to 58.2% in the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease in both gross profit margin and non-GAAP gross profit margin was mainly due to the upfront payment received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, as well as lower revenues from COPAXONE, partially offset by higher revenues from AUSTEDO, as well as the sale of certain product rights. Research and Development (R&D) expenses, net in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $248 million, an increase of 9% compared to $227 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, as we continue to execute on our Pivot to Growth strategy. Our higher R&D expenses, net in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, were mainly due to an increase in our late-stage innovative pipeline in neuroscience (mainly neuropsychiatry), in immunology, and in immuno-oncology. Selling and Marketing (S&M) expenses in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $650 million, an increase of 7% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. This increase was mainly to support revenue growth in our innovative portfolio, primarily AUSTEDO, generic products and AJOVY. General and Administrative (G&A) expenses in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $302 million, an increase of 4% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Other loss (income) in the fourth quarter of 2024 was a loss of $8 million, compared to an income of $6 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Operating loss in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $29 million, compared to an operating income of $755 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Operating loss as a percentage of revenues was 0.7% in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to an operating income as a percentage of revenues of 17% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Non-GAAP operating income in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $1,168 million representing a non-GAAP operating margin of 27.6%, compared to non-GAAP operating income of $1,546 million representing a non-GAAP operating margin of 34.7% in the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease in non-GAAP operating margin in the fourth quarter of 2024 was mainly due to an increase in operating expenses as a percentage of revenues, as well as due to lower non-GAAP gross profit margin, as discussed above. Exchange rate movements during the fourth quarter of 2024, net of hedging effects, positively impacted our operating income and non-GAAP operating income by $21 million and $20 million, respectively, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Financial expenses, net in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $218 million, mainly comprised of net-interest expenses of $224 million. In the fourth quarter of 2023, financial expenses, net were $249 million, mainly comprised of net-interest expenses of $238 million. In the fourth quarter of 2024, we recognized a tax expense of $29 million, on a pre-tax loss of $247 million. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we recognized a tax expense of $43 million, on a pre-tax income of $507 million. Our effective tax rate for the fourth quarter of 2024 was the result of a variety of factors, including the geographic mix and type of products sold during the year, different effective tax rates applicable to non-Israeli subsidiaries that have tax rates different than Teva’s average tax rate, impairment charges with no corresponding tax effects, net deferred tax benefits from intellectual property related integration plans, adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, adjustments to uncertain tax positions and interest expense disallowances. Non-GAAP tax rate in the fourth quarter of 2024 was 14.8%, compared to 13.1% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Our non-GAAP tax rate in the fourth quarter of 2024 was the result of a variety of factors, including the geographic mix and type of products sold during the year, different effective tax rates applicable to non-Israeli subsidiaries that have tax rates different than Teva’s average tax rate, net deferred tax benefits from intellectual property related integration plans, adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, adjustments to uncertain tax positions and interest expense disallowances. Net loss attributable to Teva and loss per share in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $217 million and $0.19, respectively, compared to net income attributable to Teva and earning per share $461 million and $0.41, respectively, in the fourth quarter of 2023. The higher net loss in the fourth quarter of 2024 was mainly due to lower operating income, as discussed above. Non-GAAP net income attributable to Teva and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $816 million and $0.71, respectively, compared to $1,135 million and $1.00, respectively, in the fourth quarter of 2023. Adjusted EBITDA was $1,282 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, a decrease of 23%, compared to $1,660 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Non-GAAP information: net non-GAAP adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $1,033 million. Non-GAAP net income attributable to Teva and non-GAAP diluted EPS for the fourth quarter of 2024 were adjusted to exclude the following items: Amortization of purchased intangible assets of $144 million, of which $134 million is included in cost of sales and the remaining $10 million in S&M expenses;An adjustment to impairment of long-lived assets of $517 million;Goodwill impairment charge of $280 million;Legal settlements and loss contingencies of $123 million;An adjustment to contingent consideration of $2 million;Equity compensation expenses of $34 million;Restructuring expenses of $22 million;Loss on sale of business of $6 million;Accelerated depreciation of $5 million;Financial expenses of $13 million;Other non-GAAP items of 67 million;Items attributable to non-controlling interests of $63 million; andCorresponding tax effects and unusual tax items of $114 million. We believe that excluding such items facilitates investors’ understanding of our business including underlying performance trends, thereby improving the comparability of our business performance results between reporting periods. For a reconciliation of the U.S. GAAP results to the adjusted non-GAAP figures and for additional information, see the tables below and the information included under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Investors should consider non-GAAP financial measures in addition to, and not as replacement for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Cash flow generated from operating activities during the fourth quarter of 2024 was $575 million, compared to $1,184 million of cash flow generated from operating activities in the fourth quarter of 2023. The lower cash flow generated from operating activities in the fourth quarter of 2024 resulted mainly from changes in working capital items, including a negative impact of accounts payables, the classification of payments to Allergan in connection with lenalidomide (generic equivalent of Revlimid®) as cash flow used in operating activities, an upfront payment received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, partially offset by lower legal payments during the fourth quarter of 2024, mainly in connection with our opioids litigation. During the fourth quarter of 2024, we generated free cash flow of $790 million, which we define as comprising $575 million in cash flow generated from operating activities, $340 million in beneficial interest collected in exchange for securitized accounts receivables (under our EU securitization program) and $4 million in divestitures of businesses and other assets, partially offset by $129 million in cash used for capital investment. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we generated free cash flow of $1,486 million, which we define as comprising $1,184 million in cash flow generated from operating activities, $421 million in beneficial interest collected in exchange for securitized accounts receivables (under our EU securitization program), partially offset by $120 million in cash used for capital investment. This decrease resulted mainly from lower cash flow generated from operating activities. Segment Results for the Fourth Quarter of 2024 United States Segment As part of a recent shift in executive management responsibilities and in line with our Pivot to Growth strategy, commencing January 1, 2024, Canada is reported as part of our International Markets segment. Prior period amounts were recast to reflect this change. The following table presents revenues, expenses and profit for our United States segment for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended December 31, 2024 2023 (U.S. $ in millions / % of Segment Revenues)Revenues$1,975100%$2,266100%Cost of sales 87744.4% 82236.3%Gross profit 1,09755.6% 1,44463.7%R&D expenses 1588.0% 1446.3%S&M expenses 26013.2% 23810.5%G&A expenses 1095.5% 904.0%Other loss (income) 1§ (1)§Segment profit*$56928.8%$97443.0%* Segment profit does not include amortization and certain other items.§ Represents an amount less than 0.5%. Revenues from our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $1,975 million, a decrease of $291 million, or 13%, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. This decrease was mainly due to an upfront payment received in 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, partially offset by higher revenues from our innovative products AUSTEDO, and UZEDY, as well as the revenues from the sale of certain product rights. Revenues by Major Products and Activities The following table presents revenues for our United States segment by major products and activities for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months endedDecember 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2024-2023 (U.S. $ in millions) Generic products (including biosimilars) $674 $667 1%AJOVY 63 57 11%AUSTEDO 518 408 27%BENDEKA and TREANDA 41 52 (21%)COPAXONE 63 72 (13%)UZEDY 43 9 N/AAnda 402 394 2%Other* 171 607 (72%)Total $1,975 $2,266 (13%)*Other revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 include the sale of certain product rights. Other revenues in the fourth quarter of 2023 were mainly comprised of a $500 million upfront payment received in connection with the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset. Generic products (including biosimilars) revenues in our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $674 million, an increase of 1% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, the majorityof which is driven by the launch of liraglutide injection 1.8mg (an authorized generic of Victoza®) and higher revenues from Truxima® (the biosimilar to Rituxan®), partially offset by lower revenues from lenalidomide capsules (the generic version of Revlimid®) and albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol (our ProAir® authorized generic). Among the most significant generic products we sold in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2024 were Truxima® (the biosimilar to Rituxan®), epinephrine injectable solution (the generic equivalent of EpiPen® and EpiPen Jr®), and liraglutide 1.8 mg injection (an authorized generic of Victoza®). In the fourth quarter of 2024, according to IQVIA data, our total prescriptions were approximately 68 million, representing 6.9% of total U.S. generic prescriptions. On February 24, 2024, Alvotech and Teva announced that the FDA approved SIMLANDI (adalimumab-ryvk) injection, as an interchangeable biosimilar to Humira®, for the treatment of adult rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult psoriatic arthritis, adult ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, adult ulcerative colitis, adult plaque psoriasis, adult hidradenitis suppurativa and adult uveitis. On May 21, 2024, Alvotech and Teva announced the availability of SIMLANDI in the U.S. On April 16, 2024, Alvotech and Teva announced that the FDA has approved SELARSDI (ustekinumab-aekn) injection for subcutaneous use, as a biosimilar to Stelara®, for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and for active psoriatic arthritis in adults and pediatric patients six years and older. SELARSDI is expected to launch in the U.S. in the first quarter of 2025. On June 24, 2024, Teva announced the launch of liraglutide injection 1.8mg (an authorized generic of Victoza®) in the United States. Liraglutide injection is indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. In July 2024, Teva launched paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension (albumin-bound) (a therapeutically equivalent product to Abraxane®) in the United States for the treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy for metastatic disease, the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, and the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. On October 1, 2024, Teva launched octreotide acetate for injectable suspension, the first generic version of Sandostatin® LAR Depot. Octreotide acetate for injectable suspension is indicated for the treatment of acromegaly and severe diarrhea associated with carcinoid syndrome, and is available to patients in the U.S. AJOVY revenues in our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $63 million, an increase of 11% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to growth in volume, partially offset by unfavorable net pricing. In the fourth quarter of 2024, AJOVY’s exit market share in the United States in terms of total number of prescriptions was 29.6% compared to 25.7% in the fourth quarter of 2023. AUSTEDO revenues in our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased by 27%, to $518 million, compared to $408 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to growth in volume, as well as expanded access for patients. AUSTEDO XR (deutetrabenazine) extended-release tablets were approved by the FDA on February 17, 2023 in three doses of 6, 12 and 24 mg, and became commercially available in the U.S. in May 2023. In May 2024, the FDA approved AUSTEDO XR as a one pill, once-daily treatment option in doses of 30, 36, 42, and 48 mg. In July 2024, the FDA approved the 18 mg dosage for AUSTEDO XR, making it a one pill, once-daily option for all available doses. AUSTEDO XR is a once-daily formulation indicated in adults for tardive dyskinesia and chorea associated with Huntington’s disease, which is additional to the currently marketed twice-daily AUSTEDO. AUSTEDO XR is protected by 11 Orange Book patents expiring between 2031 and 2041. UZEDY (risperidone) extended-release injectable suspension revenues in our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $43 million. UZEDY was approved by the FDA on April 28, 2023 for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults, and was launched in the U.S. in May 2023. UZEDY is a subcutaneous, long-acting formulation of risperidone that controls the steady release of risperidone. UZEDY is protected by four Orange Book patents expiring between 2027 and 2040. UZEDY is protected by regulatory exclusivity until April 28, 2026. We are moving forward with plans to launch UZEDY in other countries worldwide. UZEDY faces competition from multiple other products. BENDEKA and TREANDA (bendamustine) combined revenues in our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $41 million, a decrease of 21% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to competition from alternative therapies, as well as the entry of generic bendamustine products into the market. The orphan drug exclusivity that had attached to bendamustine products expired in December 2022. COPAXONE revenues in our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $63 million, a decrease of 13% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to market share erosion and competition, partially offset by a reduction in sales allowance. Anda revenues from third-party products in our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased by 2% to $402 million, compared to $394 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to higher volume. Anda, our distribution business in the United States, distributes generic, biosimilars and innovative medicines and OTC pharmaceutical products from Teva and various third-party manufacturers to independent retail pharmacies, pharmacy retail chains, hospitals and physician offices in the United States. Anda is able to compete in the distribution market by maintaining a broad portfolio of products, competitive pricing and delivery throughout the United States. United States Gross Profit Gross profit from our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $1,097 million, a decrease of 24%, compared to $1,444 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Gross profit margin for our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 decreased to 55.6%, compared to 63.7% in the fourth quarter of 2023. This decrease was mainly due to an upfront payment received in the fourth quarter of 2023 related to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset, partially offset by a favorable mix of products, primarily driven by an increase in revenues from AUSTEDO and the sale of certain product rights. United States Profit Profit from our United States segment consists of revenues less cost of sales, R&D expenses, S&M expenses, G&A expenses and any other income related to this segment. Segment profit does not include amortization and certain other items. Profit from our United States segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $569 million, a decrease of 42% compared to $974 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The higher profit in the fourth quarter of 2023 was mainly due to an upfront payment received in relation to the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset. Europe Segment Our Europe segment includes the European Union, the United Kingdom and certain other European countries. The following table presents revenues, expenses and profit for our Europe segment for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended December 31, 2024 2023 (U.S. $ in millions / % of Segment Revenues)Revenues$1,353100%$1,344100%Cost of sales 56141.4% 56141.7%Gross profit 79258.6% 78358.3%R&D expenses 564.2% 523.9%S&M expenses 22116.3% 20315.1%G&A expenses 755.6% 675.0%Other loss (income) 2§ §§Segment profit*$43832.4%$46134.3%* Segment profit does not include amortization and certain other items.§ Represents an amount less than $0.5 million or 0.5%, as applicable. Revenues from our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $1,353 million, an increase of 1%, or $9 million, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. In local currency terms, revenues decreased by 2% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Our lower revenues in local currency terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 were mainly due to higher sales of certain product rights in the fourth quarter of 2023, partially offset by higher revenues from generic and OTC products as well as AJOVY. In the fourth quarter of 2024, revenues were positively impacted by exchange rate fluctuations of $33 million, net of hedging effects, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024, included $20 million from a positive hedging impact, which is included in “Other” in the table below. Revenues in the fourth quarter of 2023 included $20 million from a negative hedging impact, which is included in “Other” in the table below. Revenues by Major Products and ActivitiesThe following table presents revenues for our Europe segment by major products and activities for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months endedDecember 31, Percentage Change 2024 2023 2024-2023 (U.S. $ in millions) Generic products (including OTC and biosimilars) $979 $938 4%AJOVY 58 45 28%COPAXONE 50 56 (11%)Respiratory products 61 70 (13%)Other* 205 234 (12%)Total $1,353 $1,344 1% *Other revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 and 2023 include the sale of certain product rights. Generic products revenues (including OTC and biosimilar products) in our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024, were $979 million, an increase of 4% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. In local currency terms, revenues increased by 5%, mainly due to price increases as a result of market conditions such as inflationary pressures in certain markets, as well as higher revenues from recently launched products. AJOVY revenues in our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $58 million, an increase of 28% in both U.S. dollars and local currency terms, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. This increase was due to growth in volume. COPAXONE revenues in our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $50 million, a decrease of 11% in both U.S. dollars and local currency terms, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. This decrease was mainly due to price reductions and a decline in volume resulting from availability of alternative therapies and competing glatiramer acetate products. Respiratory products revenues in our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $61 million, a decrease of 13% in both U.S. dollars and local currency terms, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. This decrease was mainly due to net price reductions and lower volumes. Europe Gross Profit Gross profit from our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $792 million, an increase of 1% compared to $783 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Gross profit margin for our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased to 58.6%, compared to 58.3% in the fourth quarter of 2023. This increase was mainly due to positive impact from hedging activities. Europe Profit Profit from our Europe segment consists of revenues less cost of sales, R&D expenses, S&M expenses, G&A expenses and any other income related to this segment. Segment profit does not include amortization and certain other items. Profit from our Europe segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $438 million, a decrease of 5%, compared to $461 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. This decrease was mainly due to higher S&M expenses to support revenue growth. International Markets Segment Our International Markets segment includes all countries in which we operate other than the United States and the countries included in our Europe segment. The International Markets segment covers a substantial portion of the global pharmaceutical industry, including more than 35 countries. As part of a recent shift in executive management responsibilities, commencing January 1, 2024, Canada is reported under our International Markets segment and is no longer included as part of our United States segment. Prior period amounts were recast to reflect this change. On December 5, 2024, we announced that we entered into an agreement with JKI Co. Ltd., established by the fund managed and operated by private equity firm J-Will Partners Co. Ltd., to sell our business venture in Japan (the “BV”), which includes generic products and legacy products, with an expected closing date of April 1, 2025, subject to standard closing conditions. Since the establishment of the BV and as of December 31, 2024, Teva holds 51% of the outstanding common stock of the BV, therefore consolidating the BV in our financial statements. The following table presents revenues, expenses and profit for our International Markets segment for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended December 31, 2024 2023 (U.S. $ in millions / % of Segment Revenues)Revenues$661100%$601100%Cost of sales 31547.7% 30250.2%Gross profit 34652.3% 29949.8%R&D expenses 274.1% 243.9%S&M expenses 13720.7% 13422.2%G&A expenses 426.3% 376.2%Other loss (income) (1)§ (4)(0.7%)Segment profit*$14121.4%$10918.1% * Segment profit does not include amortization and certain other items.§ Represents an amount less than $0.5 million or 0.5%, as applicable. Revenues from our International Markets segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $661 million, an increase of 10% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. In local currency terms, revenues increased by 17% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to revenues from the sale of certain product rights, higher revenues from generic products in most markets, partially offset by regulatory price reductions and generic competition to off-patented products in Japan. In the fourth quarter of 2024, revenues were negatively impacted by exchange rate fluctuations of $40 million, net of hedging effects, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 included $13 million from a positive hedging impact, compared to a negative hedging impact of $3 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, which are included in “Other” in the table below. Revenues by Major Products and Activities The following table presents revenues for our International Markets segment by major products and activities for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months endedDecember 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2024-2023 (U.S. $ in millions) Generic products (including OTC and biosimilars) $497 $506 (2%)AJOVY 22 19 16%COPAXONE 9 12 (25%)AUSTEDO 7 5 50%Other* 126 60 112%Total $661 $601 10%*Other revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 include the sale of certain product rights. Generic products revenues (including OTC and biosimilar products) in our International Markets segment were $497 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, a decrease of 2% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. In local currency terms, revenues increased by 8% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to higher revenues in most markets, largely driven by price increases as a result of higher costs due to inflationary pressure in certain markets and higher volumes, partially offset by regulatory price reductions and generic competition to off-patented products in Japan. AJOVY was launched in certain markets in our International Markets segment, including in Canada, Japan, Australia, Israel, South Korea, Brazil and others. AJOVY revenues in our International Markets segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $22 million, compared to $19 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. In local currency terms, revenues increased by 22%, due to growth in existing markets in which AJOVY was launched. COPAXONE revenues in our International Markets segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $9 million compared to $12 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. In local currency terms, revenues decreased by 16% mainly due to market share erosion and competition. AUSTEDO was launched in China and Israel in 2021 and in Brazil in 2022, for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease and for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. In February 2024, we announced a strategic partnership for the marketing and distribution of AUSTEDO in China. We continue with additional submissions in various other markets. AUSTEDO revenues in our International Markets segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $7 million. In local currency terms, revenues increased by 54%, substantially due to the launch of a strategic partnership in China. International Markets Gross Profit Gross profit from our International Markets segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $346 million, an increase of 16% compared to $299 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Gross profit margin for our International Markets segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased to 52.3%, compared to 49.8% in the fourth quarter of 2023. This increase was mainly due to revenues from the sale of certain product rights, price increases largely as a result of inflationary pressures in certain markets, a positive hedging impact and a favorable mix of products, partially offset by regulatory price reductions and generic competition to off-patented products in Japan, as well as higher costs due to inflationary and other macroeconomic pressures. International Markets Profit Profit from our International Markets segment consists of revenues less cost of sales, R&D expenses, S&M expenses, G&A expenses and any other income related to this segment. Segment profit does not include amortization and certain other items. Profit from our International Markets segment in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $141 million, an increase of 30%, compared to $109 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. This increase was mainly due to higher gross profit, as mentioned above. Other Activities We have other sources of revenues, primarily the sale of APIs to third parties, certain contract manufacturing services and an out-licensing platform offering a portfolio of products to other pharmaceutical companies through our affiliate Medis. Our other activities are not included in our United States, Europe or International Markets segments described above. On January 31, 2024, we announced that we intend to divest our API business (including its R&D, manufacturing and commercial activities) through a sale. The intention to divest is in alignment with our Pivot to Growth strategy. However, there can be no assurance regarding the ultimate timing or structure of the potential divestiture or that a divestiture will be agreed or completed at all. Revenues from other activities in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $241 million, a decrease of 2% in both U.S. dollars and local currency terms, compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. API sales to third parties in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $145 million, flat compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, following a reallocation of an immaterial business within our other activities, in line with our intention to divest our API business. 2025 Non-GAAP Outlook $ billions, except diluted EPS or as noted2025 OutlookRevenues*16.8 –17.4AUSTEDO ($m)*1,900-2,050AJOVY ($m)*~600UZEDY ($m)*~160COPAXONE ($m)*~370Operating Income4.1 – 4.6Adjusted EBITDA4.5 – 5.0Finance Expenses ($m)~900Tax Rate15% – 18%Diluted EPS ($)2.35-2.65Free Cash Flow**1.6 – 1.9CAPEX*~0.5Foreign Exchange Volatile swings in FX can negatively impact revenue and income * Revenues and CAPEX presented on a GAAP basis.** Free Cash Flow includes cash flow generated from operating activities net of capital expenditures and deferred purchase price cash component collected for securitized trade receivables Annual Report on Form 10-K Teva's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which will be filed with the SEC, will include a complete analysis of the financial results for 2023 and will be available on Teva’s website: http://ir.tevapharm.com, as well as on the SEC’s website: http://www.sec.gov. Conference Call Teva will host a conference call and live webcast along with a slide presentation on Wednesday, January 29, 2025 at 8:00 a.m. ET to discuss its fourth quarter and annual 2024 results and overall business environment. A question & answer session will follow. In order to participate, please register in advance here to obtain a local or toll-free phone number and your personal pin. A live webcast of the call will be available on Teva's website at: http://ir.tevapharm.com/. Following the conclusion of the call, a replay of the webcast will be available within 24 hours on Teva’s website. About Teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (NYSE and TASE: TEVA) is a global pharmaceutical leader, harnessing its generics expertise and stepping up innovation to continue the momentum behind the discovery, delivery, and expanded development of modern medicine. For over 120 years, Teva's commitment to bettering health has never wavered. Today, the company’s global network of capabilities enables its ~37,000 employees across 57 markets to push the boundaries of scientific innovation and deliver quality medicines to help improve health outcomes of millions of patients every day. To learn more about how Teva is all in for better health, visit www.tevapharm.com. Some amounts in this press release may not add up due to rounding. All percentages have been calculated using unrounded amounts. Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are based on management’s current beliefs and expectations and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, that could cause our future results, performance or achievements to differ significantly from that expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “target,” “may,” “project,” “guidance,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe” and other words and terms of similar meaning and expression in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. Important factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include risks relating to: our ability to successfully compete in the marketplace, including: that we are substantially dependent on our generic products; concentration of our customer base and commercial alliances among our customers; competition faced by our generic medicines from other pharmaceutical companies and changes in regulatory policy that may result in additional costs and delays; delays in launches of new generic products; our ability to develop and commercialize additional pharmaceutical products; competition for our innovative medicines; our ability to achieve expected results from investments in our product pipeline; our ability to develop and commercialize additional pharmaceutical products; our ability to successfully execute our Pivot to Growth strategy, including to expand our innovative and biosimilar medicines pipeline and profitably commercialize the innovative medicines and biosimilar portfolio, whether organically or through business development, and to sustain and focus our portfolio of generic medicines; and the effectiveness of our patents and other measures to protect our intellectual property rights, including any potential challenges to our Orange Book patent listings in the U.S.; our significant indebtedness, which may limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, engage in additional transactions or make new investments; and our potential need to raise additional funds in the future, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all; our business and operations in general, including: the impact of global economic conditions and other macroeconomic developments and the governmental and societal responses thereto; the widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis; effectiveness of our optimization efforts; significant disruptions of information technology systems, including cybersecurity attacks and breaches of our data security; interruptions in our supply chain or problems with internal or third party manufacturing; challenges associated with conducting business globally, including political or economic instability, major hostilities or terrorism, such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the state of war declared in Israel; our ability to attract, hire, integrate and retain highly skilled personnel; our ability to successfully bid for suitable acquisition targets or licensing opportunities, or to consummate and integrate acquisitions; and our prospects and opportunities for growth if we sell assets or business units and close or divest plants and facilities, as well as our ability to successfully and cost-effectively consummate such sales and divestitures, including our planned divestiture of our API business; compliance, regulatory and litigation matters, including: failure to comply with complex legal and regulatory environments; the effects of governmental and civil proceedings and litigation which we are, or in the future become, party to; the effects of reforms in healthcare regulation and reductions in pharmaceutical pricing, reimbursement and coverage; increased legal and regulatory action in connection with public concern over the abuse of opioid medications; our ability to timely make payments required under our nationwide opioids settlement agreement and provide our generic version of Narcan® (naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray) in the amounts and at the times required under the terms of such agreement; scrutiny from competition and pricing authorities around the world, including our ability to comply with and operate under our deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) with the U.S. Department of Justice; potential liability for intellectual property right infringement; product liability claims; failure to comply with complex Medicare, Medicaid and other governmental programs reporting and payment obligations; compliance with sanctions and trade control laws; environmental risks; and the impact of ESG issues; the impact of the state of war declared in Israel and the military activity in the region, including the risk of disruptions to our operations and facilities, such as our manufacturing and R&D facilities, located in Israel, the impact of our employees who are military reservists being called to active military duty, and the impact of the war on the economic, social and political stability of Israel; other financial and economic risks, including: our exposure to currency fluctuations and restrictions as well as credit risks; potential impairments of our long-lived assets; the impact of geopolitical conflicts including the state of war declared in Israel and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; potential significant increases in tax liabilities; the effect on our overall effective tax rate of the termination or expiration of governmental programs or tax benefits, or of a change in our business; and the impact of any future failure to establish and maintain effective internal control over our financial reporting;and other factors discussed in this press release, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, including in the sections captioned "Risk Factors” and “Forward Looking Statements,” and in other periodic reports we subsequently file with the SEC available on the SEC’s website: http://www.sec.gov. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements or other information contained herein, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are cautioned not to put undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Consolidated Statements of Income (U.S. dollars in millions, except share and per share data) Three months ended Year ended December 31, December 31, (Unaudited) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net revenues 4,229 4,457 16,544 15,846 Cost of sales 2,109 2,041 8,481 8,200 Gross profit 2,120 2,416 8,064 7,645 Research and development expenses 248 227 998 953 Selling and marketing expenses 650 610 2,541 2,336 General and administrative expenses 302 291 1,161 1162 Intangible assets impairments 81 61 251 350 Goodwill impairment 280 - 1,280 700 Other asset impairments, restructuring and other items 457 443 1,388 718 Legal settlements and loss contingencies 123 34 761 1,043 Other (income) loss 8 (6) (14 ) (49 ) Operating income (loss) (29 ) 755 (303 ) 433 Financial expenses, net 218 249 981 1,057 Income (loss) before income taxes (247 ) 507 (1,284 ) (624 ) Income taxes (benefit) 29 43 676 (7 ) Share in (profits) losses of associated companies, net (1 ) (1) (1 ) (2 ) Net income (loss) (275 ) 465 (1,959 ) (615 ) Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (58 ) 4 (320 ) (56 ) Net income (loss) attributable to Teva (217 ) 461 (1,639 ) (559 ) Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Teva:Basic ($)(0.19) 0.41 (1.45) (0.50) Diluted ($)(0.19) 0.41 (1.45) (0.50) Weighted average number of shares (in millions):Basic1,133 1,121 1,131 1,119 Diluted1,133 1,137 1,131 1,119 Non-GAAP net income attributable to Teva for diluted earnings per share:* 816 1,135 2,860 2,898 Non-GAAP earnings per share attributable to Teva:*Diluted ($)0.71 1.00 2.49 2.56 Non-GAAP average number of shares (in millions):Diluted1,157 1,137 1,150 1,131 Amounts may not add up due to rounding. § Represents an amount less than $0.5 million. * See reconciliation attached. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (U.S. dollars in millions) (Audited) December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 3,300 3,226 Accounts receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $78 million and $95 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 3,059 3,408 Inventories 3,007 4,021 Prepaid expenses 1,006 1,255 Other current assets 409 504 Assets held for sale 1,771 70 Total current assets 12,552 12,485 Deferred income taxes 1,799 1,812 Other non-current assets 462 470 Property, plant and equipment, net 4,581 5,750 Operating lease right-of-use assets 367 397 Identifiable intangible assets, net 4,418 5,387 Goodwill 15,147 17,177 Total assets 39,326 43,479 LIABILITIES & EQUITY Current liabilities: Short-term debt 1,781 1,672 Sales reserves and allowances 3,678 3,535 Trade payables 2,203 2,602 Employee-related obligations 624 611 Accrued expenses 2,792 2,771 Other current liabilities 1,020 1,044 Liabilities held for sale 698 13 Total current liabilities 12,796 12,247 Long-term liabilities: Deferred income taxes 483 606 Other taxes and long-term liabilities 4,028 4,019 Senior notes and loans 16,002 18,161 Operating lease liabilities 296 320 Total long-term liabilities 20,809 23,106 Redeemable non-controlling interests 340 - Equity: Teva shareholders’ equity: 5,373 7,506 Non-controlling interests 7 620 Total equity 5,380 8,126 Total liabilities and equity 39,326 43,479 TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (U.S. dollars in millions) Year ended Three months ended December 31, December 31, (Unaudited) 2024 2023 2024 2023 (Audited) (Audited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) Operating activities: Net income (loss) (1,959) (615) $ (275) $ 465 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operations: Impairment of goodwil 1,280 700 280 - Impairment of long-lived assets and assets held for sale 1,275 378 517 68 Depreciation and amortization 1,059 1,153 269 266 Net change in operating assets and liabilities (435) (72) (246) 292 Deferred income taxes — net and uncertain tax positions (634) (317) 32 34 Stock-based compensation 123 121 34 28 Net loss (gain) from sale of business and long-lived assets (22) (41) - (10)Other items * 560 61 (37) 41 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 1,247 1,368 575 1,184 Investing activities: Beneficial interest collected in exchange for securitized trade receivables 1,291 1,477 340 421 Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (498) (526) (129) (120)Proceeds from sale of business and long lived assets 43 68 4 - Purchases of investments and other assets (71) (46) (15) (2)Proceeds from sale of investments 40 - - - Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired. (15) - - - Other investing activities 2 (5) 2 2 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 792 968 202 301 Financing activities: Repayment of senior notes and loans and other long term liabilities (1,641) (4,152) (685) - Proceeds from senior notes, net of issuance costs - 2,451 - - Proceeds from short term debt - 700 - - Repayment of short term debt - (700) - (500)Purchase of shares from non-controlling interests (64) - - - Dividends paid to non-controlling interests (78) - - - Other financing activities (8) (212) 10 (76)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (1,791) (1,913) (675) (576)Translation adjustment on cash and cash equivalents (174) (30) (121) 68 Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$ 74 $ 393 $ (19) $ 977 Balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year 3,227 2,834 3,319 2,250 Balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year 3,300 3,227 3,300 3,227 Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets: Cash and cash equivalents 3,300 3,226 3,300 3,226 Restricted cash included in other current assets - 1 - 1 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows 3,300 3,227 3,300 3,227 Reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Teva to Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Teva Three months ended Year ended December 31, December 31, ($ in millions except per share amounts) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net income (Loss) attributable to Teva ($) (217) 461 ($) (1,639) (559) Increase (decrease) for excluded items: Amortization of purchased intangible assets 144 144 588 616 Legal settlements and loss contingencies(1) 123 34 761 1,043 Goodwill impairment(2) 280 - 1,280 700 Impairment of long-lived assets(3) 517 68 1,275 378 Restructuring costs 22 18 74 111 Equity compensation 34 28 123 121 Contingent consideration(4) (2) 408 303 548 Loss (Gain) on sale of business 6 - (15) (3) Accelerated depreciation 5 6 13 80 Financial expenses 13 13 49 66 Items attributable to non-controlling interests(3) (63) (1) (339) (92) Other non-GAAP items(5) 67 83 229 335 Corresponding tax effects and unusual tax items(6) (114) (128) 157 (446) Non-GAAP net income attributable to Teva ($) 816 1,135 ($) 2,860 2,898 Non-GAAP tax rate(7) 14.8%13.1% 15.3% 13.0% GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Teva ($) (0.19) 0.41 ($) (1.45) (0.50) EPS difference(8) 0.90 0.59 3.94 3.06 Non-GAAP diluted EPS attributable to Teva(8) ($) 0.71 1.00 ($) 2.49 2.56 Non-GAAP average number of shares (in millions)(8) 1,157 1,137 1,150 1,131 (1)Adjustments for legal settlements and loss contingencies in 2024 were mainly related to a legal expenses of $357 million recorded in connection with a decision by the European Commission in its antitrust investigation into COPAXONE, and to an update to the estimated settlement provision of $278 million for the opioid cases (mainly the effect of the passage of time on the net present value of the discounted payments and the settlement agreement with the city of Baltimore). Adjustments for legal settlements and loss contingencies in 2023 were mainly related to an update to the estimated provision of $370 million related to the DOJ patient assistance program litigation, an update to the estimated settlement provision of $269 million related to the remaining opioid cases, the provision of $207 million relating to the U.S. DOJ criminal antitrust charges on the marketing and pricing of certain Teva USA generic products and the provision of $100 million related to the settlement of the reverse-payment antitrust litigation over certain HIV medicines. (2)During the fourth quarter of 2024 a goodwill impairment charge of $280 million was recorded related to our API reporting unit. During the year ended December 31, 2024 goodwill impairment charges of $1,280 million were recorded related to our API reporting unit. During the year ended December 31, 2023 goodwill impairment charges of $700 million were recorded related to our International Markets reporting unit. (3)Adjustments for impairment of long-lived assets and items attributable to non-controlling interests, in the fourth quarter of 2024 primarily consisted of $129 million and $63 million, respectively, related to the classification of the business venture in Japan as held for sale. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2024 we recognized an impairment of $275 million related to the classification of our API business (including its R&D, manufacturing and commercial activities) as held for sale. Adjustments for impairment of long-lived assets and items attributable to non-controlling interests, for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily consisted of $689 million and $339 million, respectively, related to the classification of the business venture in Japan as held for sale. In addition, in 2024 we recognized an impairment of $275 million related to the classification of our API business (including its R&D, manufacturing and commercial activities) as held for sale. (4)During the fourth quarter of 2024 and 2023 adjustments for contingent consideration primarily related to a change in the estimated future royalty payments to Allergan in connection with lenalidomide capsules (the generic version of Revlimid®), of $3 million and $311 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 adjustments for contingent consideration primarily related to a change in the estimated future royalty payments to Allergan in connection with lenalidomide capsules (the generic version of Revlimid®), of $270 million and $422 million, respectively. (5)Other non-GAAP items include other exceptional items that we believe are sufficiently large that their exclusion is important to facilitate an understanding of trends in our financial results, primarily related to the rationalization of our plants, certain inventory write-offs, material litigation fees and other unusual events. (6)Adjustments for corresponding tax effects and unusual tax items for the year ended December 31, 2024, include a tax item in an amount of $495 million related to the settlement agreement with the ITA to settle certain litigation with respect to taxes payable for the Company’s taxable years 2008 through 2020. (7)Non-GAAP tax rate is tax expenses (benefit) excluding the impact of non-GAAP tax adjustments presented above as a percentage of income (loss) before income taxes excluding the impact of non-GAAP adjustments presented above. (8)EPS difference and diluted non-GAAP EPS are calculated by dividing our non-GAAP net income attributable to Teva by our non-GAAP diluted weighted average number of shares. Reconciliation of gross profit to Non-GAAP gross profit Three months ended Year ended December 31, December 31, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 GAAP gross profit($)2,120 2,416 ($)8,064 7,645 GAAP gross profit margin 50.1%54.2% 48.7%48.2% Increase (decrease) for excluded items:(1) Amortization of purchased intangible assets 135 129 543 549 Costs related to regulatory actions taken in facilities 3 2 8 4 Equity compensation 5 4 23 19 Accelerated Depreciation 5 6 13 80 Other non-GAAP items 51 35 164 173 Non-GAAP gross profit($)2,319 2,592 ($)8,814 8,470 Non-GAAP gross profit margin(2) 54.8%58.2% 53.3%53.5% (1)For further explanations, refer to the footnotes under the "Reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Teva to Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Teva" table. (2)Non-GAAP gross profit margin is non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Reconciliation of operating income (loss) to Non-GAAP operating income (loss) Three months ended Year ended, December 31, December 31, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating income (loss) ($) (29) 755 ($) (303) 433 Operating margin (0.7%)17.0% (1.8%)2.7%Increase (decrease) for excluded items: (1) Amortization of purchased intangible assets 144 144 588 616 Legal settlements and loss contingencies 123 34 761 1,043 Goodwill impairment 280 - 1,280 700 Impairment of long-lived assets 517 68 1,275 378 Restructuring costs 22 18 74 111 Equity compensation 34 28 123 121 Contingent consideration (2) 408 303 548 Loss (gain) on sale of business 6 - (15) (3) Accelerated depreciation 5 6 13 80 Other non-GAAP items 67 84 229 336 Non-GAAP operating income (loss) ($) 1,168 1,546 ($) 4,329 4,361 Non-GAAP operating margin(2) ($)27.6%34.7% ($)26.2%27.5% (1) For further explanations, refer to the footnotes under the "Reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Teva to Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Teva" table. (2) Non-GAAP operating margin is Non-GAAP operating income as a percentage of revenues. Reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA Three months ended Year ended December 31, December 31, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net income (loss) $(275)465 $(1,959)(615) Increase (decrease) for excluded items:(1) Financial expenses 218 249 981 1,057 Income taxes 29 43 676 (7) Share in profits (losses) of associated companies –net(1)(1) (1)(2) Depreciation 119 120 465 537 Amortization 144 144 588 616 EBITDA 235 1,020 750 1,585 Legal settlements and loss contingencies123 34 761 1,043 Goodwill impairment 280 - 1,280 700 Impairment of long lived assets 517 68 1,275 378 Restructuring costs 22 18 74 111 Equity compensation 34 28 123 121 Contingent consideration (2)408 303 548 Loss (Gain) on sale of Business 6 - (15)(3) Other non-GAAP items 67 84 229 335 Adjusted EBITDA$1,282 1,660 $4,781 4,818 (1)For further explanations, refer to the footnotes under the "Reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Teva to Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Teva" table. Segment Information United States Europe International Markets Three months ended December 31, Three months ended December 31, Three months ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 (U.S. $ in millions) (U.S. $ in millions) (U.S. $ in millions) Revenues$1,975 $2,266 $1,353 $1,344 $661 $601Cost of sales 877 822 561 561 315 302Gross profit 1,097 1,444 792 783 346 299R&D expenses 158 144 56 52 27 24S&M expenses 260 238 221 203 137 134G&A expenses 109 90 75 67 42 37Other income 1 (1) 2 § (1) (4)Segment profit$569 $974 $438 $461 $141 $109 § Represents an amount less than $0.5 million. Segment Information United States Europe International Markets Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 (U.S. $ in millions) (U.S. $ in millions) (U.S. $ in millions) Revenues$8,034 $7,731 $5,103 $4,837 $2,463 $2,351Cost of sales 3,646 3,421 2,197 2,111 1,229 1,191Gross profit 4,388 4,310 2,905 2,726 1,235 1,160R&D expenses 633 604 229 220 112 104S&M expenses 1,049 938 826 767 534 487G&A expenses 410 378 272 263 150 142Other income § (5) 3 (2) (2) (39)Segment profit$2,296 $2,394 $1,575 $1,478 $440 $465 Reconciliation of our segment profit to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes Three months ended December 31, 2024 2023 (U.S.$ in millions) United States profit$569 $974 Europe profit 438 461 International Markets profit 141 109 Total reportable segment profit 1,148 1,544 Profit (loss) of other activities 19 2 1,168 1,546 Amounts not allocated to segments: Amortization 144 144 Other asset impairments, restructuring and other items 458 443 Goodwill impairment 280 - Intangible asset impairments 81 61 Legal settlements and loss contingencies 123 34 Other unallocated amounts 110 108 Consolidated operating income (loss) (29) 755 Financial expenses - net 218 249 Consolidated income (loss) before income taxes$(247) $507 Reconciliation of our segment profit to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 (U.S.$ in millions) United States profit $2,296 $2,394 Europe profit 1,575 1,478 International Markets profit 440 465 Total reportable segment profit 4,311 4,338 Profit (loss) of other activities 18 24 Total segment profit 4,329 4,361 Amounts not allocated to segments: Amortization 588 616 Other asset impairments, restructuring and other items 1,388 718 Goodwill impairment 1,280 700 Intangible asset impairments 251 350 Legal settlements and loss contingencies 761 1,043 Other unallocated amounts 364 502 Consolidated operating income (loss) (303) 433 Financial expenses - net 981 1,057 Consolidated income (loss) before income taxes $(1,284) $(624) Segment revenues by major products and activities Three months ended December 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2023-2024 (U.S.$ in millions) United States segment Generic products $674 $667 1%AJOVY 63 57 11%AUSTEDO 518 408 27%BENDEKA/TREANDA 41 52 (21%)COPAXONE 63 72 (13%)UZEDY 43 9 N/AAnda 402 394 2%Other* 171 607 (72%)Total 1,975 2,266 (13%) *Other revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 include the sale of certain product rights. Other revenues in 2023 were mainly comprised of a $500 million upfront payment received in the fourth quarter of 2023, in connection with the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset. Three months ended December 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2023-2024 (U.S.$ in millions) Europe segment Generic products $979 $938 4%AJOVY 58 45 28%COPAXONE 50 56 (11%)Respiratory products 61 70 (13%)Other* 205 234 (12%)Total 1,353 1,344 1% *Other revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 and 2023 include the sale of certain product rights. Three months ended December 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2023-2024 (U.S.$ in millions) International Markets segment Generic products $497 $506 (2%)AJOVY 22 19 16%COPAXONE 9 12 (25%)AUSTEDO 7 5 50%Other* 126 60 112%Total 661 601 10% *Other revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 include the sale of certain product rights. Segment revenues by major products and activities Year ended December 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2024-2023 (U.S.$ in millions) United States segment Generic products $3,599 $3,138 15%AJOVY 207 211 (2%)AUSTEDO 1,642 1,225 34%BENDEKA / TREANDA 168 237 (29%)COPAXONE 242 297 (18%)UZEDY 117 23 N/AAnda 1,536 1,577 (3%)Other* 523 1,025 (49%)Total 8,034 7,731 4% *Other revenues in 2024 include the sale of certain product rights. Other revenues in 2023 were mainly comprised of a $500 million upfront payment received in the fourth quarter of 2023, in connection with the collaboration on our duvakitug (anti-TL1A) asset. Year ended December 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2024-2023 (U.S.$ in millions) Europe segment Generic products $3,926 $3,664 7%AJOVY 216 160 34%COPAXONE 213 231 (8%)Respiratory products 244 265 (8%)Other* 504 516 (2%)Total 5,103 4,837 5% *Other revenues in 2024 and 2023 include the sale of certain product rights. Year ended December 31, PercentageChange 2024 2023 2024-2023 (U.S.$ in millions) International Markets segment Generic products $1,937 $1,932 0%AJOVY 84 63 33%COPAXONE 48 63 (24%)Austedo 46 15 199%Other* 349 278 25%Tota 2,463 2,351 5% *Other revenues in 2024 include the sale of certain product rights. Free cash flow reconciliation Three months ended December 31, 2024 2023 (U.S. $ in millions) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 575 1,184 Beneficial interest collected in exchange for securitized account receivables 340 421 Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (129) (120)Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets 4 - Free cash flow$790 $1,486 Free cash flow reconciliation Year ended December 31 2024 2023 (U.S. $ in millions) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 1,247 1,368 Beneficial interest collected in exchange for securitized account receivables 1,291 1,477 Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (498) (526)Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (15) - Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets 43 68 Free cash flow$2,068 $2,387 Teva Media Inquiries TevaCommunicationsNorthAmerica@tevapharm.com Teva Investor Relations Inquires TevaIR@Tevapharm.com A PDF accompanying this announcement is available at http://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/b66d129f-8d07-41e1-bf88-270e8ff2d21d

导读 原料药是制剂中的有效成分，在产业链上处于核心环节，堪称医药工业的“芯片”，在医药行业中占据着重要地位——自20世纪90年代中期开始，经过20多年的发展，中国目前已成为全球主要的原料药生产和出口大国。本文系统梳理了原料药行业的概况以及全球原料药和中国原料药的发展现状，分析了中国原料药产业面临的挑战与机遇，展望了中国原料药产业的发展趋势。 01 原料药行业的概况   1.1 原料药的定义 原料药(Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient，API) 指用于生产各类制剂的原料药物，是制剂中的有效成份，包括由化学合成、植物提取或者生物技术所制备的各种作为药用的粉末、结晶、浸膏等，但病人无法直接服用，一般需再经过添加辅料、加工等，制成可直接使用的药物制剂。 ICH Q7 指南将原料药定义为：“任何旨在供生产一种药物（医疗用品）制剂，并作为其活性成份的物质或混合物。这类物质旨在疾病的诊断，治疗、缓减，处置或预防以及影响人体的结构和功能等方面发挥药理作用或其他的直接效应。” 1.2 原料药的分类 通常，原料药可以根据来源、产品周期、制成的药剂需求等进行分类，具体分类可见图1。 图1 原料药分类 1.3 原料药的产业链 原料药产业链上游为原材料，主要包括基础化工、植物种植、动物养殖和部分医药中间体制备等；中游为原料药的加工制造，即通过化学合成、动植物提取、微生物发酵或其他现代生物技术等制备得到原料药；下游为应用市场，主要包括药品制剂、保健品、饲料、食品、化妆品等领域。 02 全球原料药的发展现状  2.1 市场规模 原料药处于医药产业链的中游，随着全球医药产业持续发展，全球原料药的市场规模也逐年上升。从2013年至2022年过去10年的市场变化情况看，全球原料药市场规模在2020年受新冠肺炎疫情影响与2019年相比有所下滑，从1822亿美元降至1750亿美元，下降3.95%；但很快， 市场从2021年开始便恢复了增长，如图2所示。根据Precedence Research调研报告数据，2022年全球原料药市场规模达到2040.4亿美元，2023年至2032年预计将以6%的年均复合增长率保持增长，至2032年全球原料药市场规模将达3636.80亿美元。 图2 2013-2022 年全球原料药市场规模及增速 2.2 产业格局 2.2.1 供给分布 欧美等发达国家的医药产业起步较早：19世纪，现代制药工业始于德国；20世纪，现代生物技术发源于美国；20世纪70年代，美国的生物医药产业起步，并在此后长时间占据了领先地位。在20世纪90年代前，欧洲和美国曾是全球最主要的原料药生产区，其技术水平先进、生产规模大。而20世纪90年代后，受环保压力、生产成本等因素的影响，欧洲和美国的原料药产能逐步下降；与此同时，发展中国家在拥有较低人力成本的基础上，不断增加原料药的研发投入、优化生产工艺、提高技术水平，因此原料药生产重心逐步由欧美向其他区域转移（主要为亚太区域）[1]，以中国和印度为代表的新兴市场快速崛起。目前，全球原料药生产主要集中在中国、意大利、印度、美国、欧洲及其他地区等，中国已经成为全球最大的原料药生产基地，中国原料药产能全球占比已从2008年的约9.3%增长到2022年的约30%，如图3所示。 图3 中国原料药产能占比变化情况 从细分供给市场来看，中国原料药供应更多以大宗原料药为主，印度则以技术壁垒稍高的特色原料药为主，而美国、欧洲等发达国家和地区凭借研发、生产工艺及知识产权保护等多方面优势，在附加值较高的专利原料药市场仍占据着主导地位。 2.2.2 市场需求 北美、欧洲、日本等发达国家和地区对于药品研发、生产、销售的文件法规更为全面，要求更为严格，属规范市场。由于全球大型制药企业主要集中在北美、欧洲、日本等发达国家和地区，从全球原料药市场份额来看，规范市场占据了全球75%左右的原料药消耗量，其中，美国原料药需求长期占据40%左右，如图4所示。而且从价格端来看，由于美欧日下游制剂厂商对于原料药质量的要求更高，美欧日等地的原料药单价更高，是原料药理想的销售市场。 图4 2019 年全球原料药市场需求分布 2.2.3 发展趋势 （1）原料药产业链发展方向 新冠肺炎疫情的出现和爆发，对全球原料药供应链产生了重要影响，进一步影响了全球医药产业。欧美等发达国家以及对中国原料药和核心医药中间体有依赖的印度均出现了不同程度的药品短缺。新冠肺炎疫情让各国均认识到了全球医药产业链中各个环节的重要性，尤其是作为“芯片”的原料药[2]的供应环节。世界各国开始更加重视自身原料药供应的稳定性和安全性，欧洲、美国、印度、日本等国家和地区均提出让原料药“回归”的计划和措施，未来全球原料药产业链可能会向本土化、区域化、多元化方向发展，但这个过程不会一蹴而就。欧洲、美国、日本等发达国家因环保要求较高、人力成本较高以及相关 产业工人严重不足等因素，“回归”困难，而印度虽然具有环保要求低、人力等生产成本低等优势，但相对中国来说，其存在缺乏完整的工业基础，制造业也缺乏高素质的人才和技术，并且地理环境不利于发酵技术发展等问题，故“回归”过程将会相当慢长。 （2）新技术的发展及应用推动原料药产业发展 过去10年，合成化学在光氧化还原催化、电化学、碳氢活化、还原性耦合及流动化学等方面取得了巨大的进展。2021年6月默沙东的工艺研发部在《Nature Reviews Chemistry》上发表的题为“The application of modern reactions in large-scale synthesis”的文章[3]就系统介绍了这些合成方法在工业生产中的应用情况，图5列举了流动化学新技术在药物工业化生产中的成功应用案例。 图5 连续流技术应用案例[3] 此外，生物不对称催化等现代生物技术以及新的多肽合成技术也在不断进步，如曼彻斯特大学Thomas W. Thorpe等在Nature上发表了题为“Multifunctional biocatalyst for conjugate reduction and reductive amination”的文章探讨用于手性胺合成的多功能生物催化剂[4]；多肽化学泰斗人物Fernando Albericio在Chemical Review上发表了题为“Liquid-Phase Peptide Synthesis(LPPS): A Third Wave for the Preparation of Peptides”的文章，详细评估了新的液相多肽合成技术的发展现状[5]，这些新技术的发展都将推动原料药产业向绿色、安全、环保、经济性的方向发展。 03 中国原料药发展现状   我国原料药产业发展起步晚于欧美等发达国家和地区，在发展过程中也屡有曲折，但凭借着我国在精细化工方面建立的良好产业基础、人才的不断培养积累、技术能力的不断提升以及医药产业整体的快速发展，我国原料药产业发展迅速，原料药产品结构也不断迭代优化，目前我国已成为全球最主要的原料药生产国和出口国。 3.1 市场规模发展历程 2013-2022年10年间，中国原料药的发展并不平稳，以化学原料药为例，在2013-2017年间中国原料药的产能整体呈增长趋势；但在2018-2019年受环保安全监管趋严以及供给改革不断深化的影响，一些高能耗、高污染、工艺技术落后、过剩的原料药产能被淘汰，中国原料药产能下降明显；2020年我国原料药市场开始恢复增长，但受疫情影响，增长缓慢，增速仅约为4.2%；从2021年开始增长速度加快，相比2020年增速约为13.2%；2022年中国原料药产能已超过了2017年时最高产能，相比2021年增速约为17.5%，如图6所示。 图6 2013-2022年中国化学原料药产能情况 3.2 出口情况[6,7] 目前中国为全球最主要的原料药出口国，过去10年中国原料药发展虽不平稳，但出口基本始终保持增长，有效保障了全球医药产业的发展。中国原料药出口收入在2013-2022年10年间除2015年、2016年两年出口收入略有降低外，基本保持增长趋势，尤其是疫情爆发后，中国原料药出口收入增长明显，2019-2022年4年出口收入增速依次为8.47%、9.53%、17.00%、23.99%，如图7所示。结合图7与图8数据可以发现，2016-2022年中国原料药出口量持续增加，出口量增速远低于出口收入增速，说明近些年原料药出口单位均价增加明显，中国原料药产业结构持续优化，逐步由低附加值的大宗原料药向特色原料药或专利原料药转型。目前，亚洲、欧洲和北美洲仍为中国原料药的主要出口市场，占据整个出口市场的85%以上（如图9所示），而印度和美国稳居中国原料药出口的前两名，其中，印度市场出口总额占中国原料药总出口额的12.77%，美国市场出口总额占中国原料药出口总额的 10.39%。由图9还可以看出，拉丁美洲、非洲等新兴市场也有着一定的占比，原料药企后续可将其作为快速增长点进行布局。 图7 2013-2022年中国原料药出口收入情况 图8 2016-2022年中国原料药出口量情况 图9 中国原料药目前出口市场情况 3.3 产业格局[8,9] 截止2022年底，我国共有1600多家化学原料药生产企业，行业集中度不高，江苏省企业数量最多，占比达到14%，但营收最多的前15家企业中，浙江企业最多，达到6家。江苏、山东、浙江、四川4省的原料药企业数量合计占全国的近四成。 中国原料药产业布局目前仍以大宗原料药生产为主。生产的药品类型方面，目前中国抗生素的生产水平全球领先，约占据国际市场的30%，解热镇痛药物占比较高，维生素原料药产量居全球前列，皮质激素类药物的市场占有率世界领先，并且还主导着肝素的全球供应。代表性企业及产品方面，中国有新和成维生素类、联邦制药抗生素类、国邦医药大环内酯类和喹诺酮类原料药等，这些企业仍然在不断进行技术、工艺方面的改进提升。 受一致性评价和国家集采制度的推进、人口老龄化和社会发展以及更多原研药专利到期带来原料药的需求增加、人才的不断积累、技术水平的逐渐提高等诸多因素的影响，中国特色原料药发展迅速。在中国原料药TOP15企业中（如图10所示），普洛药业、华海药业、海普瑞和天宇股份等公司在特色原料药方面占据着重要的地位。另外，一些特色原料药企业也逐渐脱颖而出，该类原料药生产企业具有一定的稀缺性且对研发技术的要求较高，这方面的代表性企业有深耕高难度复杂原料药品种的博瑞医药（产品有甲磺酸艾立布林、芬净类等）、司太立（产品有造影剂系列原料药）等。 图10 2022 年中国原料药上市企业营收TOP15 同时，在国家支持鼓励创新等政策激励引导下，大批高水平研发人员归国创业，推动专利原料药的发展。 04 中国原料药行业发展面临的机遇与挑战    目前，全球政治经济形势复杂多变，全球经济放缓，存在着一些难以预测的变化和挑战，对医药行业会产生很大的影响，原料药行业更不可能独善其身，不过困境之中也存在着一些积极因素，中国原料药行业的发展是机遇与挑战并存。 4.1 机遇 4.1.1 需求增加 当今世界，全球人口正以前所未有的速度老龄化，人们的健康观念日益增强，人们对医药行业的需求日益增加，因此全球医药产业预计会持续稳定增长。中国作为目前全球最大的原料药生产国和出口国，日益增长的国际需求会带动中国原料药产业快速发展。 同时，中国作为世界人口大国，老龄化现象也日益严重，新冠肺炎疫情进一步提高了人们健康意识，可以预见我国人民的用药需求也会逐步增加；目前中国人均用药比例仍远低于发达国家，国内市场前景巨大，日益增长的国际国内需求将为国内原料药企业提供巨大的发展机遇。  4.1.2 “专利悬崖”影响 未来10年，大量原研药的专利将到期，包括一系列重磅药物，例如：百时美施贵宝的来那度胺和阿哌沙班、葛兰素史克的多替拉韦钠等，将释放近2000亿美元的市场，这些专利药的到期将进一步推动仿制药的发展，为原料药企业发展特色原料药提供机遇。 4.1.3 创新驱动 新技术的进步和发展日新月异， AI技术、固相和液相合成技术、连续流反应、光反应、不对称催化、酶催化等绿色技术的发展进步，也助推了原料药企业的发展[10]。例如，默沙东与合全药业联合研发，将连续光化学技术成功应用于HIF-2α抑制剂的商业化生产[11]；连续流反应技术在ADC药物合成中得到了成功应用等[12]。 4.1.4 政策支持 近年来。我国政府高度重视医药产业的发展，出台了一系列产业扶持政策及指导方针，如2016年的《医药工业发展规划指南》、2019年的《产业结构调整指导目录（2019年本）》、2020年的《推动原料药产业绿色发展的指导意见》和《关于做好原料药和中间体生产供应工作的通知》以及《国家药监局综合司关于新订＜药品管理法＞原料药认定以及有关法律适用问题的复函》、2021年的《“十四五”生物经济发展规划》和《关于推动原料药产业高质量发展实施方案的通知》、2022年的《关于印发“十四五”医药发展工业发展规划的通知》等，这些政策支持将为原料药行业企业提供更大的发展空间[8]。 4.1.5 国产替代 国家推出药品集中带量采购政策，驱动了仿制药企业的技术升级，推进了原研药的国产替代。国家“集采”政策实施之后，市场格局逐步改变，国产替代作用显著。目前，个别原研药企业依然在国内部分化学制剂和原料药领域处于垄断地位，在原研药的国产替代方面还有着相当大的市场空间，结合关联审评政策，仿制药的国产替代将为中国原料药企业的发展提供机遇。 4.2 挑战 4.2.1 国际市场竞争加剧 近年来，受国际贸易市场环境复杂化，疫情期间全球医疗药品供给偏紧等多种因素影响，原料药供给多元化、自主化的呼声高涨，疫情以来欧美等国纷纷宣布扩大原料药产能，同时正在研究制定碳边境税相关政策，我国原料药在国际市场将面临更加激烈的竞争。 4.2.2 产品质量要求提升 随着科技的进步、质量研究的深入以及审评审批的日益严格和规范，对药品质量的要求也在不断提升，高端原料药研发创新能力仍有待提高，原料药企业需加大研发投入，持续优化工艺，不断提升产品质量，满足日益严格的药品法规要求。 4.2.3 价格承压 随着国家集采政策的推进，医药企业降价压力显现。目前，医药企业在监管、市场等各方面较以前承受了更大的压力，随着研发、生产到销售的产业链各环节标准的提升及监管的强化，行业门槛将进一步提高，将有相当数量的企业面临淘汰。而原料药处于医药产业的中游，自然承担着上下游价格压力的挤压。 4.2.4 生产成本上升 随着国家对环保及安全逐步提高重视、开始推动绿色低碳发展，国家及地方主管部门对原料药厂的环保安全标准、质量要求日趋严格，企业在生产运营、环保治理、安全管理上的成本不断提升，原料药企业盈利能力下降，企业经营压力也在持续提升。 05 中国原料药行业发展趋势    基于原料药在医药行业中的特殊地位，综合全球和中国原料药产业的发展现状，以及目前中国原料药产业发展面临的机遇与挑战，可以预测出未来中国原料药行业发展趋势有以下几点： （1）产业结构更加合理，行业集中度提高，发展更规范 “一致性评价”、“集中带量采购”以及环保安全等相关政策法规陆续出台，促使原料药市场壁垒持续提升，高质量、低成本、高环保安全要求，将使得一些高能耗、高污染、工艺技术水平低的中小原料药企业陆续被市场淘汰，原料药市场的规范程度将逐步提高，行业集中度也将日益提高[13]。随着技术的不断创新与改进提升，中国特色原料药以及专利原料药的市场比重将日益增加，高附加值、高技术含量的原料药产品将日益增加，中国原料药产业结构将更加合理。 （2）“原料药+制剂”一体化趋势显现 随着集采常态化以及医药行业竞争的日益加剧，药品降价趋势已成必然，制剂利润空间会不断被压缩。而处于上游的原料药企业因下游制剂企业质量要求的不断提升、生产成本的不断提高及环保安全压力不断增加，也将不得不持续提升原料药的价格，这最终会导致下游制药企业双重承压。为了更好地降低成本，有效地保障市场供应以及在专利悬崖到来时能够及时地处于第一竞争梯队，“原料药+制剂”生产一体化已成为制药企业发展的必然趋势。同时，国产创新药的不断发展，也促使“原料药+制剂”一体化趋势成为必然[10]。 （3）CDMO业务模式快速发展 创新药物的研发，带动了CDMO(合同开发和制造组织)行业的快速发展。在我国生物药CDMO市场中，药明生物的业务主要以抗体类药物及疫苗的CDMO为主，目前，它凭借先发优势和规模效应一家独大，2021年的市场份额已达到64.6%。在小分子领域，依托技术平台出现了一些细分领域的佼佼者如凯莱英（擅长领域有手性合成、过渡金属催化、连续反应技术、酶催化等）、九洲药业（擅长领域有手性催化、连续反应、多肽、氟化学等）、博腾股份（擅长领域有多肽、核酸、ADC药物等）及普洛药业（擅长领域有氟化学、深冷反应、发酵等）等。未来，得益于中国的人口红利、成本优势以及技术的不断提升，下游跨国药企等客户将转向采购国内CDMO企业的专业服务，带来整体外包比例的提升，最终推动国内CDMO服务的产业升级和快速发展。 （4）国际化发展趋势更加明显 由于国际市场有着更大的需求，也有望售卖出更好的价格，未来我国原料药企将进一步开发国际市场。目前，我国每年获得的DMF（药物主文件）注册号基本保持在100个以上，仅次于印度。未来，在出口方面，我国原料药企业在规范市场的竞争力将不断提高，并可布局潜力十足的新兴市场（如拉丁美洲、非洲等）。同时，未来的“专利悬崖”将会释放出更大的市场。预计未来我国在技术、产品质量体系和DMF认证等方面将快速发展，实现原料药出口量的持续增长。 总之，在国家政策支持和社会发展需求不断增加的基础下，中国原料药行业将继续朝着高质量、绿色低碳环保、“原料药+制剂”一体化、CDMO业务和国际化方向发展，逐步从原料药制造大国向制造强国转变，为全球医药产业的发展做出更加突出的贡献。 参考文献 [1]包晓敏.我国原料药市场的现状及发展趋势研究［D］北京：中国人民大学，2007. 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