Zanidatamab

DUBLIN , April 25, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc (Nasdaq: JAZZ) today announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has adopted a positive opinion recommending the conditional marketing authorization of zanidatamab, an investigational dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted bispecific antibody, as monotherapy for the treatment of adults with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive (IHC 3+)† biliary tract cancer (BTC) previously treated with at least one prior line of systemic therapy.1 "This positive CHMP opinion is a welcome step for physicians and patients in Europe who face a critical unmet need in HER2-positive biliary tract cancers, a rare and aggressive group of cancers with poor prognosis and limited treatment options," said Robert Iannone , MD., M.S.C.E., executive vice president, global head of research and development, and chief medical officer of Jazz Pharmaceuticals . "If approved, zanidatamab would be the first HER2-targeted therapy licensed for this difficult-to-treat cancer in the EU, marking an important milestone in addressing this unmet need. We look forward to the European Commission's decision and the opportunity to provide a new treatment option for patients." The CHMP recommendation is based on data from the Phase 2b HERIZON-BTC-01 trial, which evaluated zanidatamab in previously treated, inoperable, and advanced or metastatic HER2-positive BTC.2,3 While biliary tract cancers (BTCs), which include gallbladder cancer (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA),4 account for less than 1% of all human cancers,5 CCA is the second most common primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).5 It comprises approximately 10–15% of all primary liver cancers,4,5 and its global mortality rate has risen in recent decades.5 Most BTC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the vague or nonspecific nature of early disease symptoms,6 making curative surgery an option for only a minority of patients.5,7,8 Although chemotherapy and, more recently, immunotherapy-based combinations are used in the first-line setting, disease progression is common, and second-line treatment options are, in the absence of molecular analysis, largely limited to chemotherapy.5,7,9 HER2 overexpression or amplification has been identified as a distinct molecular subtype of BTC10,11 and is associated with a worse prognosis compared to HER2-negative BTC.12 Yet, no HER2-targeted therapies are currently approved for this indication in the European Union (EU). The CHMP's recommendation will now be reviewed by the European Commission which has the authority to approve medicines in all EU Member States, Iceland , Norway , and Liechtenstein , and is expected to make a final decision. About Zanidatamab Zanidatamab is a dual HER2-targeted bispecific antibody that simultaneously binds extracellular domains 2 and 4 on separate HER2 monomers (binding in trans). Binding of zanidatamab with HER2 results in internalization leading to a reduction of the receptor on the cell surface. Zanidatamab induces complement-dependent cytotoxicity ( CDC ), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). These mechanisms result in tumor growth inhibition and tumor cell death.13 On November 20, 2024 , in the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval of zanidatamab-hrii (Ziihera®) for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive (IHC 3+) biliary tract cancer (BTC), as detected by an FDA-approved test.14 This accelerated approval was granted based on objective response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the ongoing Phase 3 HERIZON-BTC-302 confirmatory trial.14 Zanidatamab is also being investigated in multiple other clinical trials as a targeted treatment option for patients with solid tumors that express HER2. Zanidatamab is being developed by Jazz and BeiGene, Ltd. (BeiGene) under license agreements from Zymeworks, which first developed the molecule. Jazz has rights to commercialize zanidatamab in the U.S. , Europe , Japan and all other territories except for those Asia/Pacific territories that Zymeworks previously licensed to BeiGene, Ltd. [which are Asia (excluding Japan ), Australia and New Zealand ]. The FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy designation for zanidatamab development in patients with previously treated HER2 gene-amplified BTC, and two Fast Track designations for zanidatamab: one as a single agent for refractory BTC and one in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy for 1L gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). Additionally, zanidatamab has received Orphan Drug designations from FDA for the treatment of BTC and GEA, as well as Orphan Drug designation from the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of BTC and gastric cancer. About Biliary Tract Cancer Biliary tract cancers (BTC), including gallbladder cancer and intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, account for <1% of all adult cancers worldwide and are often associated with a poor prognosis.5,7 Approximately 26% of patients with BTC are HER2-positive.10 The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a well-validated target for antitumor therapy in other cancers.7,15 Across the U.S., Europe, and Japan, approximately 12,000 people are diagnosed with HER2+ BTC annually.16 Most patients (>65%) are diagnosed with tumors that cannot be removed surgically.7 About Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc (Nasdaq: JAZZ) is a global biopharma company whose purpose is to innovate to transform the lives of patients and their families. We are dedicated to developing potentially life-changing medicines for people with serious diseases — often with limited or no therapeutic options. We have a diverse portfolio of marketed medicines, including leading therapies for sleep disorders and epilepsy, and a growing portfolio of cancer treatments. Our patient-focused and science-driven approach powers pioneering research and development advancements across our robust pipeline of innovative therapeutics in oncology and neuroscience. Jazz is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland with research and development laboratories, manufacturing facilities and employees in multiple countries committed to serving patients worldwide. Please visit www.jazzpharmaceuticals.com for more information. Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc Caution Concerning Forward-Looking StatementsThis press release contains forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements related to the European Commission's potential approval of zanidatamab for the treatment of adults with BTC in the EU and other statements that are not historical facts. These forward-looking statements are based on Jazz Pharmaceuticals' current plans, objectives, estimates, expectations and intentions and inherently involve significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of these risks and uncertainties, which include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties associated with the successful completion of regulatory activities and uncertain regulatory approval, and other risks and uncertainties affecting Jazz Pharmaceuticals and its development programs, including those described from time to time under the caption "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc's Securities and Exchange Commission filings and reports (Commission File No. 001-33500), including Jazz Pharmaceuticals' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 , and future filings and reports by Jazz Pharmaceuticals . Other risks and uncertainties of which Jazz Pharmaceuticals is not currently aware may also affect Jazz Pharmaceuticals' forward-looking statements and may cause actual results and the timing of events to differ materially from those anticipated. The forward-looking statements herein are made only as of the date hereof or as of the dates indicated in the forward-looking statements, even if they are subsequently made available by Jazz Pharmaceuticals on its website or otherwise. Jazz Pharmaceuticals undertakes no obligation to update or supplement any forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, new information, future events, changes in its expectations or other circumstances that exist after the date as of which the forward-looking statements were made. Media Contact: Kristin Bhavnani Head of Global Corporate Communications Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc CorporateAffairsMediaInfo@jazzpharma.com Ireland +353 1 637 2141 U.S. +1 215 867 4948 Investors: Jeff Macdonald Executive Director, Investor Relations Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc investorinfo@jazzpharma.com Ireland +353 1 634 3211 U.S. +1 650 496 2717 † IHC3+ stands for ImmunoHistoChemistry 3+ and refers to the highest level of HER2 protein overexpression in cancer cells References _______________________ 1 Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 22-25 April 2025 | European Medicines Agency (EMA). European Medicines Agency (EMA). Published April 25, 2025 . Accessed April 25, 2025 . https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/meeting-highlights-committee-medicinal-products-human-use-chmp-22-25-april-20252 Pant, S et al. Zanidatamab in Previously Treated HER2-Positive Biliary Tract Cancer: Overall Survival and Longer Follow-Up From the Phase 2b HERIZON-BTC-01 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2024; 42(16_suppl). Abstract 4091.3 Harding J, Fan J, Oh D-Y, et al. Zanidatamab for HER2-amplified, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (HERIZON-BTC-01): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2b study. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24(7):772-82. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00242-5.4 Mirallas O, López-Valbuena D, García-Illescas D , et al. Advances in the systemic treatment of therapeutic approaches in biliary tract cancer. ESMO Open. 2022;7(3):100503. doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100503.5 Vogel A, Bridgewater J, Edeline J, et al. Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(2):127-40. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.506.6 Rimassa, L., Khan, S., Koerkamp, B. G., Roessler, S.,et al. Mapping the landscape of biliary tract cancer in Europe : challenges and controversies. The Lancet Regional Health–Europe. 2025; 50, 101171. doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.1011717 Chakrabarti, S., Kamgar, M., Mahipal, A. Targeted therapies in advanced biliary tract cancer: an evolving paradigm. Cancers. 2020;12(8), 2039. doi.org/10.3390/cancers120820398 Valle JW, Kelley RK, et al. Biliary tract cancer. Lancet . 2021;397(10272):428-44. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00153-7.9 Lamarca, A., Hubner, R. A., Ryder, W. D.,et al. Second-line chemotherapy in advanced biliary cancer: a systematic review. Annals of Oncology. 2025; 25(12), 2328-2338. doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu16210 Galdy S, Lamarca A, et al. HER2/HER3 pathway in biliary tract malignancies; systematic review and meta-analysis: a potential therapeutic target? Cancer Metastas Rev. 2017; doi: 10.1007/s10555-016-9645-x11 Hechtman, J. F., Liu, W., Sadowska, J.,et al. Sequencing of 279 cancer genes in ampullary carcinoma reveals trends relating to histologic subtypes and frequent amplification and overexpression of ERBB2 (HER2). Modern Pathology. 2015;28(8), 1123-1129. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.5712 Vivaldi, C. HER2 overexpression as a poor prognostic determinant in resected biliary tract cancer. Oncologist. 2020;25(10):886-893. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0922.13 Weisser NE, Sanches M, Escobar-Cabrera E et al. An anti-HER2 biparatopic antibody that induces unique HER2 clustering and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Nature Communications . 2023 Mar 13;14(1):1394. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37029-314 U.S. Food and Drug Administration . Ziihera® (zanidatamab-hrii) prescribing information. Accessdata.fda.gov. Updated November 2024 . Accessed April 22, 2025 . https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/761416s000lbl.pdf15 Meric-Bernstam, F., Beeram, et al. Zanidatamab, a novel bispecific antibody, for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic HER2-expressing or HER2-amplified cancers: a phase 1, dose-escalation and expansion study. The Lancet Oncology. 2022; doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00621-016 Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Data on file. View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/jazz-pharmaceuticals-receives-chmp-positive-opinion-for-zanidatamab-for-the-treatment-of-advanced-her2-positive-biliary-tract-cancer-302438480.html SOURCE Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc

-01-引言迄今为止，与传统的抗癌治疗策略相比，免疫治疗被认为是最有前景的全身性肿瘤治疗方法，其中，单克隆抗体因其特异性靶向分子的能力，已成为癌症治疗中一种关键而有效的治疗方式。然而，由于肿瘤复杂的疾病发病机制，针对单一靶点的单克隆抗体往往不足以表现出足够的治疗效果。因此，针对多个靶点的双特异性抗体（bsAbs）应运而生。与单特异性的单克隆抗体相比， bsAbs是一类可以介导新的作用机制的抗体。2014年，首个靶向CD19/CD3ε的双特异性T细胞接合器（BiTE）blinatumomab被FDA批准用于治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）。自那时起，bsAbs掀起了一阵开发热潮。截至2020年底，有三种bsAbs（catumaxomab、blinatumomab和emicizumab）获得批准。尤其最近几年，3年中新增了11种bsAbs获得了监管机构的批准，其中9种被批准用于治疗癌症(amivantamab, tebentafusp, mosunetuzumab, cadonilimab, teclistamab, glofitamab, epcoritamab, talquetamab, elranatamab) ，2种用于非肿瘤适应症(faricimab, ozoralizumab) 。值得注意的是，其中emicizumab和faricimab，已经取得了轰动性的地位，显示了这类新型疗法的前景。在接下来的关键十年，bsAb有望在血液系统恶性肿瘤、实体瘤和非肿瘤适应症中获得更多的批准，使bsAbs成为治疗药物的重要组成部分。-02-一、bsAb的模式抗体由四条多肽链组成，分子量较大的两条链称为重链(H链)，而分子量较小的两条链称为轻链(L链)。在单抗中，两条H链和两条L链的氨基酸组成完全相同，而双特异性抗体的开发是通过共表达两条不同的H链和两条不同的L链。从10种可能的H2L2重组混合物中获得功能性双特异性抗体是双特异性抗体开发的最初挑战之一，这通常称为链相关问题。 在过去几十年里，研究者们已经开发了许多策略，以解决这一问题。由这些策略诱导的不同设计特征或功能特性可用于所产生的双特异性抗体模式的分类。                基于片段的模式（Fragment-based formats） 基于片段的双特异性抗体简单地将多个抗体片段结合在一个分子中，不含Fc区域（fragment crystallizable，可结晶片段，与抗原结合片段Fab相对），避免了链相关问题，优势是产量高、成本低；缺点是半衰期相对较短。此外，基于片段的双特异性抗体可能会出现稳定性和聚合问题。 对称模式（Symmetric formats） 对称模式的双特异性抗体保留了Fc区域，更接近于天然抗体，但在大小和结构上有所不同。这些差异可能对与天然抗体相关的有利特性(如稳定性和溶解度)产生负面影响，从而可能损害这些双特异性抗体的理化和/或药代动力学特性。 不对称模式（Asymmetric formats） 大多数不对称模式的双特异性抗体与天然抗体非常相似，被认为具有最低免疫原性的潜力。不过，解决链相关问题可能涉及到的复杂工程可能会抵消一些不对称模式双特异性抗体的这一优势。-03- 二、bsAb的作用机制根据其功能机制，BsAb可分为4类：结合同一抗原的两个表位、细胞-细胞接合器、双功能调节剂和细胞治疗中的BsAb。其中，T细胞接合器是临床研究中应用最广泛的形式，已被证明能诱导肿瘤特异性免疫细胞激活。结合同一抗原的两个表位人们已经开发了同时针对同一靶抗原内2个不同表位的双副表位抗体。例如，靶向癌胚抗原（CEA）或VEGF2的bsAb被开发用于治疗癌症。人们还开发了几种bsAb来中和病毒抗原，例如，针对HBV表面抗原和HIV-1包膜蛋白的bsAb显示出针对同源抗原的中和活性。细胞接合器细胞接合器连接两种不同类型的细胞，主要是肿瘤细胞和T/NK细胞，以诱导肿瘤细胞溶解。细胞接合器由TAA靶向部分和效应细胞识别部分组成，并进一步分为T细胞接受器和NK细胞接受器。T细胞接合器利用TAA和TCR成分（主要是CD3），它们连接肿瘤细胞和T细胞，绕过TCR-MHC-I相互作用。因此，无论抗原特异性如何，T细胞结合器都会触发T细胞活化，产生包括穿孔素和颗粒酶在内的细胞毒性分子，以杀伤肿瘤细胞。BiTE是T细胞结合器的一种形式，通过靶向TAA和CD3的单链抗体将肿瘤细胞和T细胞结合，用于T细胞介导的肿瘤细胞杀伤。靶向CD19和CD3的blinatumomab是临床上典型的BiTE，2014年，blinatumomab成为第一个被FDA批准的BsAb，用于治疗ALL患者，在随后的几年里，blinatumomab的治疗范围进一步拓宽，2018年，FDA批准其用于首次或第二次完全缓解后MRD≥0.1%的pre-B ALL患者群体的治疗。目前，超过60例BiTE形式的双抗正在进行I/II期临床试验。NK细胞接合器将CD16A+NK细胞重定向至肿瘤细胞，诱导NK细胞活化。与BiTE相比，NK细胞接受者表现出较少的不良反应，如细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）和神经毒性。多种细胞毒性受体可激活NK细胞：CD16（FcγRIII）、天然细胞毒性受体（NCR；NKp30、NKp44、NKp46）、C型凝集素样受体NKG2D（CD314）和CD94/NKG2C。最近，抗CD30×CD16A的NK细胞接合器（AFM13）在AACR 2022的报告中展示了不俗的抗肿瘤效果。双功能调制剂双功能调节剂同时结合两种不同的免疫共刺激或共抑制分子，诱导靶细胞的功能改变。大多数双功能调节剂靶向PD-1/PD-L1轴和其他免疫抑制分子，如CTLA-4（CD152）、TIM-3、LAG-3或TIGIT。MEDI5752（PD-1×CTLA-4）抑制PD-1+激活的T细胞中CTLA-4的功能，诱导PD-1的快速内化和降解。与PD-1和CTLA-4单抗联合治疗相比，MEDI5752的活性显著增强。针对其他检查点分子的双功能性抑制剂，包括LAG-3和TIGIT，也正在开发中。过继细胞治疗中的bsAbs尽管CAR-T细胞疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤中显示出疗效，但也观察到了副作用，包括CRS、神经毒性和靶向非肿瘤效应。为了将不良反应降至最低，正在进行用BsAbs体外激发T细胞的研究。与单独的BsAb和T细胞输注相比，在体外BsAb武装的T细胞治疗可诱导强烈的抗肿瘤反应，有效渗透到肿瘤部位，并减少细胞因子的释放，从而将系统不良反应降至最低。OKT3×hu3F8 BsAb武装T细胞（GD2BATs）在体外诱导特异性杀伤GD2阳性神经母细胞瘤和骨肉瘤细胞系。在GD2阳性肿瘤患者的I期试验中，GD2BATs在一些患者中显示出临床反应，且无明显副作用。-04-三、bsAb的未来展望在未来的十年里，预计还会批准更多具有改变医疗实践潜力的bsAbs。在肿瘤学中，靶向不同细胞表面受体的分化型双RTK信号抑制剂的开发仍然是一个活跃和先进的临床研究领域。例如靶向EGFR/LGR5的 petosemtamab、靶向HER2/HER3的zenocutuzumab以及靶向HER2双表位的zanidatamab，这几个正在美国进行审评中。这方面需要关注的另一个非常重要的领域是使用bsAbs产生的双特异性抗体偶联偶联物（bsADC），一些bsADC正在后期临床试验中进行研究，包括靶向HER2的zanidatamb zovodotin（ZW49）以及具有靶向c-MET双表位的REGN5093。开发用于治疗不同血液系统恶性肿瘤的TCE仍将是双抗治疗的主要研究领域，因为这类疗法已经证明了其临床益处。目前，基于不对称1 + 1 形式的odronextamab（CD20/CD3ε）80和 linvoseltamab（BCMA/CD3ε）正在接受审评，可能会在2024年获得批准、其它各种TCE正在NHL、多发性骨髓瘤和AML等适应症中进行后期临床开发。重要的是，新出现的数据也支持了TCE未来也可能在实体瘤中获得更的广泛应用。bsAb另一个主要研究领域仍然是开发双靶向免疫检查点抑制剂，例如PD-1和CTLA-4或LAG-3（tebotelimab）。这些双检查点抑制剂中的目前正在进行后期临床试验，结果将显示，与PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体与CTLA-4或LAG-3的联合用药相比，它们在疗效和安全性方面是否优越。值得注意的是，双靶向PD-1/VEGF抑制剂ivonescimab目前正在接受中国国家药品监督管理局的审评，用于治疗NSCLC。最后，鉴于bsAbs的多功能性和介导全新MOAs的潜力，bsAbs领域有望看到更多新兴的方法和候选药物进入临床，有望在未来几年提供肿瘤学和非肿瘤学适应症的关键数据，包括在感染/病毒学、自身免疫、代谢、神经病学和眼科的应用。这些新概念包括包括：1）不同于TCE的效应细胞接合器，例如髓系细胞、NK或γδ-T细胞， 2）前药概念，以肿瘤或肿瘤微环境特异性原位激活的bsAbs， 3）联合膜蛋白内化和降解的PROTAC样bsAb， 4）基于抗体的细胞因子模拟物，以触发细胞因子受体，以及 5）将bsAbs递送跨越屏障（如血脑屏障）的独特解决方案，其可用于治疗神经退行性疾病和其他疾病。参考资料：1.Development of Bispecific Antibody for CancerImmunotherapy: Focus on T Cell Engaging Antibody. Immune Netw. 2022 Feb; 22(1): e4.2. A pivotal decade for bispecific antibodies?. MAbs. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2321635.公众号内回复“ADC”或扫描下方图片中的二维码免费下载《抗体偶联药物：从基础到临床》的PDF格式电子书！公众号已建立“小药说药专业交流群”微信行业交流群以及读者交流群，扫描下方小编二维码加入，入行业群请主动告知姓名、工作单位和职务。