A Window of Opportunity Trial Evaluating the Oral TGF-beta Receptor I Inhibitor Vactosertib in Patients Undergoing Standard of Care Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

This interventional clinical trial aims to find ways of improving treatments for individuals with esophageal cancer. Laboratory-based studies show that using medicines that affect a protein called TGF-beta (TGFβ) can kill esophageal cancer cells in individuals who have localized esophageal adenocarcinoma and are being considered for standard-of-care chemoradiation prior to surgery. Participants of this study will take a pill called vactosertib for two weeks before starting standard of care chemoradiation. At the end of the two weeks of taking vactosertib, participants will have a Positron Emission Tomography Computer Assisted Tomography (PET CT) scan and undergo an endoscopy with a biopsy to determine if the vactosertib is working. After chemoradiation, participants will take vactosertib again for four weeks and then be considered for surgery.

开始日期2024-09-30

申办/合作机构

The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center

NCT05588648

/ Recruiting临床1/2期

A Phase I/II, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Activity of Vactosertib as a Single Agent in Adolescents and Adults With Recurrent, Refractory or Progressive Osteosarcoma

MP-VAC-209 is a Phase I/II, open label, single arm, multi-center study to assess safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of vactosertib as a single agent in adolescents and adults with recurrent, refractory, or progressive osteosarcoma. Vactosertib is given orally, twice a day, to people 12 years of age and older who meet the criteria for study enrollment.

开始日期2023-05-01

申办/合作机构

MedPacto, Inc.

NCT05436990

/ Terminated临床2期IIT

A Phase II Multicenter Study to Assess the Antitumor Activity of Vactosertib in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Acral and Mucosal Melanoma Patients Progressed From Prior Immune Check Point Inhibitor

This trial is a multicenter, single arm study of efficacy of vactosertib in combination with pembrolizumab in advanced acral or mucosal melanoma patients progressed prior treatment including immunotherapy or targeted therapy and chemotherapy. This trial will be conducted though Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG). The KCSG is responsible for the project management of the trial. Patient recruitment will take at 4 institutions.
Participants will be treated for up to 35 cycles (approximately 2 years) after initiation of treatment with intravenous 200mg of pembrolizumab every 3 weeks in combination with vactosertib. Vactosertib will be given orally for 200mg, bid for 5 days (from Mon. to Fri.) per week. This study will use ORR based on RECIST 1.1 and modified RECIST 1.1 (immune related RECIST) criteria as the primary endpoint and the tumor assessment will be done every 6 weeks. Secondary endpoints are DCR, PFS, OS, and safeties. Exploratory biomarkers predictive biomarker candidates (e.g., level of PD-L1 tumor expression, EMT marker, PD-L1, TGF-β RII, and pSMAD2) in tumor tissue and ctDNA in blood will be investigated in both pre-treatment and post-treatment periods.

开始日期2023-02-09

申办/合作机构

Yonsei University

100 项与 Vactosertib 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 Vactosertib 相关的转化医学

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100 项与 Vactosertib 相关的专利（医药）

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项与 Vactosertib 相关的文献（医药）

2025-07-01·DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES

A quiescence-like/TGF-β1-specific CRISPRi screen reveals drug uptake transporters as secondary targets of kinase inhibitors in AML

Article

作者: Bornhäuser, Martin ; Küchler, Sandra ; Krüger, Alexander ; Baretton, Gustavo ; Brilloff, Silke ; Schäfer, Silvia ; Schewe, Denis M ; Kufrin, Vida ; Wurm, Alexander A ; Bill, Marius ; Schroeder, Michael ; Koochak, Masoud ; Mirtschink, Peter ; Schröck, Evelin ; Traikov, Sofia ; Ball, Claudia R ; Rahimian, Elahe ; Glimm, Hanno

Relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driven by resistant subclones that survive chemotherapy. It is assumed that these resilient leukemic cells can modify their proliferative behavior by entering a quiescent-like state, similar to healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These dormant cells can evade the effects of cytostatic drugs that primarily target actively dividing cells. Although quiescence has been extensively studied in healthy hematopoiesis and various solid cancers, its role in AML has remained unexplored. In this study, we applied an HSC-derived quiescence-associated gene signature to an AML patient cohort and found it to be strongly correlated with poor prognosis and active TGF-β signaling. In vitro treatment with TGF-β1 induces a quiescence-like phenotype, resulting in a G0 shift and reduced sensitivity to cytarabine. To find potential therapeutic targets that prevent AML-associated quiescence and improve response to cytarabine, we conducted a comprehensive CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screen combined with TGF-β1 stimulation. This approach identified TGFBR1 inhibitors, like vactosertib, as effective agents for preventing the G0 shift in AML cell models. However, pretreatment with vactosertib unexpectedly induced complete resistance to cytarabine. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we performed a multi-faceted approach combining a second CRISPRi screen, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and in silico analysis. Our findings revealed that TGFBR1 inhibitors unintentionally target the nucleoside transporter SLC29A1 (ENT1), leading to reduced intracellular cytarabine levels. Importantly, we found that this drug interaction is not unique to TGFBR1 inhibitors, but extends to other clinically significant kinase inhibitors, such as the FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin. These findings may have important implications for optimizing combination therapies in AML treatment.

2025-06-01·BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Discovery of novel transforming growth factor β type 1 receptor inhibitors through structure-based virtual screening, preliminary structure–activity relationship study, and biological evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma

Article

作者: Jiang, Wentao ; Liu, Siyuan ; Zhang, Junyan ; Yu, Jian ; Xie, Yan ; Sun, Jisan ; Du, Xinrao ; Zhang, Li ; Xie, Xinyue ; Hao, Haizhou ; Ababakri, Abdisamat

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type 1 receptor (ALK5) plays a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Small-molecule inhibitors of TGFβR1 offer a promising approach for the treatment of malignant tumors. In this study, a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives were identified as novel TGFβR1 inhibitors. The most potent candidate, compound 7w, demonstrated inhibition of SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and Hep3B cell viability, with IC₅₀ values of 160.3 nM and 228 μM, respectively. Compound 7w showed a synergistic anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effect when combined with sorafenib, highlighting its potential as a promising lead for the development of potential anticancer therapies.

2025-01-01·Neurology Research International

Inhibition of the Transforming Growth Factor‐β Signaling Pathway Confers Neuroprotective Effects on Beta‐Amyloid‐Induced Direct Neurotoxicity and Microglia‐Mediated Neuroinflammation

Article

作者: Thang, Zi Qing ; Tiong, Shao Qin ; Mohgan, Raxshanaa N ; Liew, Jennifer Yue Suan ; Quek, Jia Yee ; Chan, Zhi Ling ; Wong, Grace Yee Seen ; Gan, Sook Yee ; Chan, Elaine Wan Ling

Background: Abnormal elevation of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) has been observed among Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. This may be due to microglia‐mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines, which promote neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Silencing of TGFBR1, a gene encoding TGF‐β receptor type I (TGF‐βR1), has resulted in neuronal survival from amyloid‐beta (Aβ)‐induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, the present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of TGF‐βR1 inhibitors (RepSox, Galunisertib, and Vactosertib) against Aβ‐induced direct neurotoxicity and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation.Methods: The neuroprotective effect of TGF‐βR1 inhibitors against Aβ‐induced direct neurotoxicity and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation were investigated using the RealTime‐Glo™ MT Cell Viability Assay. The inhibitory effect of TGF‐βR1 inhibitors on Aβ‐induced microglia‐mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: TGF‐βR1 inhibitors (RepSox, Galunisertib, and Vactosertib) at the tested concentrations (6.25–150 nM) showed no significant cytotoxicity effects on SH‐SY5Y and BV‐2 cells. Moreover, treatments with these inhibitors exhibited neuroprotection on SH‐SY5Y cells against Aβ‐induced direct neurotoxicity. The trend of cell viability after 24 h treatment also supports the microscopic images of the cells’ morphology. Furthermore, pretreatment with these inhibitors conferred indirect neuroprotective effect against Aβ‐induced microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation by attenuating the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β).Conclusion: The inhibition of the TGF‐β signaling pathway in neuronal and microglia cells by TGF‐βR1 inhibitors resulted in neuroprotection against Aβ‐induced direct neurotoxicity and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation. Hence, targeting the TGF‐β signaling pathway in both neuronal and microglia cells could provide a promising therapeutic strategy in AD.

项与 Vactosertib 相关的新闻（医药）

2025-05-16

·小药说药

肿瘤免疫治疗中的免疫抑制性细胞因子

-01-引言癌细胞表观遗传学和生长动力学的改变导致细胞外分泌多种细胞因子，这些细胞因子控制免疫细胞的活性，使其有利于肿瘤生长。其中，免疫调节细胞因子的分泌是招募免疫抑制细胞的主要因素。肿瘤微环境中的免疫调节细胞因子招募其他免疫抑制细胞，并负责效应免疫细胞的表型和功能转换，使其支持肿瘤的发展。表型转换的免疫细胞进一步提高免疫抑制细胞因子的水平，并使肿瘤环境抵抗抗肿瘤免疫细胞的活性。其中MDSCs、TAMs、Treg和Breg细胞是调节性细胞因子的主要来源。在广泛的免疫抑制细胞因子中，IL-10、TGF-β、IL-4和IL-35在多种癌症的肿瘤环境中占主导地位，主要负责免疫抑制。这些细胞因子改变先天性和适应性免疫细胞的命运，并调节癌细胞的生长和增殖能力。同时，免疫抑制细胞因子也改变了幼稚免疫细胞的表观基因组和转录网络，有利于免疫抑制细胞谱系的形成。此外，这些细胞因子可以直接作用于细胞毒性CD8+T细胞或自然杀伤（NK）细胞，并抑制其效应器功能和增殖。-02-一、IL-10IL-10是一种多功能的免疫抑制细胞因子，具有免疫调节和血管生成功能。IL-10由癌细胞和几种免疫细胞分泌，包括髓系和淋巴细胞。已有证据表明IL-10具有促进肿瘤和抑制肿瘤的双重功能。一方面，IL-10通过下调癌细胞和APC上的MHC表达来抑制细胞毒性T细胞活化，从而阻止抗原特异性T细胞识别癌细胞。另一方面，高剂量的IL-10可增强CD8+T细胞的增殖及其细胞毒性活性。某些炎性细胞因子和条件可能会促进组织损伤和肿瘤发生，IL-10可以抑制这些炎症状态，从而防止随后的肿瘤发生。最近的研究表明，基于西妥昔单抗的IL-10融合蛋白（CmAb-IL10）通过阻止树突状细胞介导的肿瘤浸润性CD8+T细胞凋亡，显示出强大的抗肿瘤作用。CmAb-IL10与免疫检查点阻断剂的联合应用显示，晚期肿瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤免疫力得到明显改善。因此，有必要根据具体癌症类型和患者亚群的具体情况，通过抑制或促进IL-10通路来评估潜在的治疗干预。-03- 二、TGF-βTGF-β作为一种免疫抑制细胞因子，通过不同的机制对免疫应答产生广泛的抑制作用。TGF-β降低Th1、Th2细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的分化和功能，所有这些都提供重要的抗肿瘤反应。此外，TGF-β还通过调节Treg细胞的数量和功能，增强免疫耐受和肿瘤逃避。TGF-β通过抑制或刺激细胞增殖来调节免疫细胞的命运，从而影响胸腺和外周T细胞的发育。TGF-β在TME中起着双重作用，这是由于肿瘤发展的不同阶段和基因改变背景决定的。在早期肿瘤中，TGF-β途径可诱导细胞凋亡并抑制包括癌细胞在内的细胞增殖。矛盾的是，在晚期，它通过调节基因组不稳定性、EMT、新生血管生成、免疫逃避和转移，具有促肿瘤作用。当促肿瘤功能压倒细胞中TGF-β信号的抗肿瘤作用时，它将以一致的方式作为肿瘤促进剂发挥作用。尽管有许多因素增加了TGF-β信号转导的复杂性，但在肿瘤治疗中TGF-β信号靶向药物显示出了强大的活性。这些特异性或非特异性药物包括靶向TGF-β受体的小分子、反义寡核苷酸、疫苗、中和抗体以及受体IgG-Fc融合蛋白。Galunsertib（LY2157299）是第一个进入临床试验的小分子阻断剂，它抑制TGF-βRI激酶。在一项1/2期临床试验中，与安慰剂吉西他滨相比，Galunisertib联合吉西他滨治疗PAC患者的OS明显改善。TEW-7197是另一种TGF-βRI激酶抑制剂。GC-1008（fresolimumab）是一种能中和TGF-β所有亚型的人源单克隆抗体。M7824（Bintrafusp-alfa）是一种由抗PD-L1的抗体和TGF-βRII分子的胞外段组成的双功能分子，可以“捕获”在TME中的TGF-β。ABBV-151影响TGF-β主动释放的复杂过程是另一种治疗干预手段。抗GARP抗体ABBV-151阻断其与LAP的结合显著减缓乳腺癌细胞系的肺转移。Belagenpumatucel-L（Lucanix）是一种治疗性、基因修饰的异基因肿瘤细胞疫苗，用于NSCLC，抑制TGF-β2 mRNA的产生。虽然针对NSCLC的3期试验没有达到预定的临床终点，但额外的分析表明在患者亚群中取得了令人鼓舞的结果，在一线化疗结束后12周内随机使用Lucanix治疗的患者中，观察到OS的显著增加。Trabedersen（ap12009）是TGF-β2基因mRNA区域的反义互补物，通过下调TGF-β2 mRNA发挥抑制作用。在一项2期研究中，与标准化疗治疗相比，使用10 mM trabedersen治疗的复发/难治性晚期胶质瘤患者的2年生存率更高。-04-三、IL-4IL-4主要作用于Th2细胞的谱系特异性分化和体液免疫反应的调节。除嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞外，IL-4主要由Th2细胞通过自分泌信号分泌。IL-4在肿瘤微环境中发挥着多种作用，并具有免疫抑制和抗肿瘤活性。研究表明，在结肠癌和乳腺癌小鼠模型中，阻断IL-4可减少特定肿瘤微环境中免疫抑制M2表型和MDSCs的生成，并改善肿瘤特异性CD8+T细胞反应。此外，阻断IL-4可提高抗OX40免疫治疗的反应性。在非小细胞肺癌小鼠模型中进行的类似研究表明，阻断IL-4可通过肿瘤抗原特异性树突状细胞增加IL-12的生成，从而增强效应T细胞的浸润和增殖，并减轻肿瘤负担。此外，在间变性甲状腺癌（ATC）小鼠模型中，IL-4的缺失可增强抗肿瘤免疫和总体存活率，且无任何明显毒性。研究表明，IL-4是一个新的治疗靶点，阻断可以减少肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制，提高传统癌症治疗的疗效。因此，与其他免疫抑制性细胞因子类似，IL-4是肿瘤发生和转移的关键调节因子，可能单独或与当前有效治疗癌症患者的治疗方案相结合，是一个有吸引力的免疫治疗靶点。-05-四、IL-35与IL-10、TGF-β和IL-4相比，IL-35是一种异二聚体且相对较新发现的细胞因子，属于IL-12家族细胞因子，由p35和EBi3亚单位组成。IL-35已被证明在良性和恶性肿瘤的发展中发挥重要作用，包括肝细胞癌、晚期乳腺癌、胰腺导管腺癌、非小细胞肺癌和前列腺癌。此前，已有研究证明IL-35主要由Tregs产生，近年来，肿瘤细胞中IL-35的表达逐渐得到证实。在体内，IL-35通过增强其他细胞因子的分泌，如IL-6和G-CSF（粒细胞集落刺激因子），促进肿瘤生长、进展和转移。IL-35还抑制多种细胞因子，包括IFN-γ，以实现促肿瘤效应。积累的数据表明，IL-35可以参与TME中恶性肿瘤细胞与周围免疫细胞之间的相互作用，诱导免疫抑制环境并限制有效抗肿瘤免疫反应的参与。随着多种IL-35+免疫细胞类型如M1 TAM和DC的发现和分离，目前的证据表明，肿瘤源性IL-35广泛参与不同细胞环境的促肿瘤特性，可能是通过抑制肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）浸润和效应细胞增殖。总的来说，恶性肿瘤细胞以及周围基质细胞产生的IL-35有助于肿瘤微环境内的免疫抑制，从而支持肿瘤的持续生长和转移。-06-结语细胞因子在决定肿瘤发生命运的肿瘤免疫微环境中起着至关重要的作用。这些免疫抑制细胞因子限制抗肿瘤免疫细胞的增殖和效应功能，改变其可塑性，并将其转化为抑制表型。由于受限制的渗透或缺乏效应免疫细胞，导致免疫检查点抑制剂无法发挥最佳效果。因此，靶向或消耗这些细胞因子具有显著的临床益处。几种细胞因子在肿瘤发生中发挥免疫抑制作用，具体取决于肿瘤类型和肿瘤免疫环境。最近的多项研究显示，IL-10、TGF-β、IL-4和IL-35，这些细胞因子在限制抗肿瘤免疫和肿瘤生长进展中发挥重要作用。阻断IL-10、TGF-β、IL-4和IL-35等免疫抑制性细胞因子可能在使肿瘤对常规和免疫疗法敏感方面发挥显著的效果，从而激活抗肿瘤免疫，并控制肿瘤发生。参考资料：1.Tumorpromoting roles of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-35: Its implications in cancerimmunotherapy. SAGE Open Med. 2022; 10: 20503121211069012.2. Roles ofTGF-β signaling pathway in tumor microenvirionment andcancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Oct 21;89(Pt B):107101.3. IL-35 Regulatesthe Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 683332.公众号内回复“ADC”或扫描下方图片中的二维码免费下载《抗体偶联药物：从基础到临床》的PDF格式电子书！公众号已建立“小药说药专业交流群”微信行业交流群以及读者交流群，扫描下方小编二维码加入，入行业群请主动告知姓名、工作单位和职务。

免疫疗法

2025-03-10

·PRNewswire

BAVENCIO Continues to Strengthen Its Position in the Immuno-Oncology Landscape | DelveInsight

With the rising adoption of checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies, BAVENCIO's market growth is driven by expanding indications and strategic partnerships. However, competition from KEYTRUDA and TECENTRIQ poses challenges, making differentiation through combination strategies key to its success. LAS VEGAS, March 10, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's " BAVENCIO Market Size, Forecast, and Market Insight Report" highlights the details around BAVENCIO, a human IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The report provides product descriptions, patent details, and competitor products (marketed and emerging therapies) of BAVENCIO. The report also highlights the historical and forecasted sales from 2020 to 2034 segmented into 7MM [the United States, the EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan]. Pfizer/Merck/EMD Sereno's BAVENCIO (avelumab) Overview BAVENCIO is a human antibody targeting programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Preclinical studies have demonstrated its ability to activate both adaptive and innate immune responses. By inhibiting the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 receptors, BAVENCIO helps restore T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in preclinical models. In November 2014, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and Pfizer formed a strategic partnership to jointly develop and commercialize BAVENCIO. In the U.S., BAVENCIO is approved for the maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma that has not progressed after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. It is also indicated for patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC who experience disease progression during or after platinum-based chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum-based treatment. Additionally, BAVENCIO in combination with axitinib is approved in the U.S. for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The FDA has also granted accelerated approval for BAVENCIO in the treatment of adults and pediatric patients (12 years and older) with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma, based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval may depend on further clinical trials confirming its benefits. Currently, BAVENCIO is approved in 50 countries for at least one indication. Learn more about BAVENCIO projected market size for merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma @ BAVENCIO Market Potential Urothelial carcinoma is the most common cancer of the urinary system, arising from urothelial cells and primarily affecting individuals over the age of 50. It is more prevalent in males, with an incidence rate two to three times higher than in females. According to DelveInsight's analysis, approximately 41 million new cases of urothelial carcinoma were reported across the 7MM in 2023. The standard treatment primarily involves chemotherapy, particularly cisplatin-based regimens. For patients who do not respond to initial systemic therapy, immunotherapy—using agents such as atezolizumab and pembrolizumab—serves as a secondary option. In some cases, surgical interventions like nephroureterectomy are also performed. Approved treatment options for urothelial carcinoma include OPDIVO (nivolumab), PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin-ejfv), KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), and BAVENCIO (avelumab), among others. The urothelial carcinoma treatment market is projected to experience substantial growth, rising from USD 900 million in 2023 at a notable CAGR through 2034, driven by the introduction of innovative therapies currently in clinical trials. However, challenges such as treatment complications in elderly patients and dependence on blood transfusions may pose barriers to market expansion. Dive deep into an in-depth assessment of the Urothelial Carcinoma Market Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer that originates from Merkel cells—specialized mechanoreceptors located at the dermo-epidermal junction responsible for touch sensation. According to DelveInsight's estimates, approximately 9,000 new cases of MCC were reported in the 7MM in 2023, with the United States accounting for 37% of these cases. Several approved treatments for MCC are currently available, primarily focusing on immune modulation. Notable therapies include BAVENCIO, a monoclonal antibody developed by Merck KGaA; KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), a PD-1 inhibitor from Merck; and ZYNYZ (retifanlimab-dlwr), a PD-1 inhibitor co-developed by Incyte Corporation and MacroGenics. DelveInsight's analysis estimates that the MCC treatment market in the 7MM was valued at approximately USD 411 million in 2023. Over the forecast period from 2024 to 2034, this market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.7%, driven by the introduction of innovative therapies. Discover more about the Merkel cell carcinoma market in detail @ Merkel Cell Carcinoma Market Report Renal cell carcinoma is the most prevalent form of kidney cancer, comprising approximately 90% of all cases. It ranks among the ten most common cancers worldwide. The prognosis for advanced RCC remains poor, with a five-year survival rate of around 11-12%. Research indicates that RCC accounts for the vast majority of kidney cancer cases. Over the past decade, the treatment landscape for advanced RCC has evolved significantly, driven by the introduction of novel therapies and advancements in surgical and ablative techniques. Treatment approaches have become increasingly personalized, with prognostic groups established to tailor interventions based on disease severity. For patients in good health with isolated metastases, surgical excision, radiotherapy, or ablative therapy may be recommended to postpone systemic treatment. Meanwhile, those ineligible for surgical removal may benefit from alternatives such as cryoablation, thermal ablation, or stereotactic ablative body radiation therapy. Additionally, targeted treatments like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-VEGF antibodies have become essential in both first- and second-line therapy, offering effective management options for advanced RCC. The market outlook for advanced RCC appears promising, driven by ongoing innovations and the expansion of therapeutic options. As investigational treatments advance through clinical trials, they have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and address existing gaps in care. The competitive landscape is rapidly evolving, with developments in targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and combination treatments aiming to enhance survival rates and quality of life for patients with advanced RCC. For more insights on the evolving landscape of renal cell carcinoma, visit @ Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Market Emerging Competitors of BAVENCIO The urothelial carcinoma pipeline is highly dynamic, with promising new therapies in development, including IMFINZI + IMJUDO + SoC (AstraZeneca), Disitamab vedotin (Pfizer), Vactosertib + IMFINZI (MedPacto), TYRA-300 (Tyra Biosciences), LYTGOBI + KEYTRUDA (Taiho Oncology), UGN-104 (UroGen Pharma), and others. In the Merkel cell carcinoma space, the potential emerging competitors of BAVENCIO include IFx-2.0 (TuHURA Biosciences), NIDLEGY (L19-IL2/L19-TNF) (Philogen), ITI 3000 (Immunomic Therapeutics), PH 762 (Phio Pharmaceuticals/AgonOx), KT 253 (Kymera Therapeutics), MCLA 145 (Merus N.V.), and others. Key companies such as Exelixis/Bristol-Myers Squibb (Zanzalintinib (XL092) + Nivolumab), AstraZeneca/ HUTCHMED (Savolitinib + Durvalumab), Corvus Pharmaceuticals (Ciforadenant (CPI-444)), Xynomic Pharmaceuticals (Abexinostat), NiKang Therapeutics (NKT2152), and others are involved in developing drugs for advanced RCC. To know more about the number of competing drugs in development, visit @ BAVENCIO Market Positioning Compared to Other Drugs Key Milestones of BAVENCIO In January 2021, EMD Serono and Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Commission (EC) approved BAVENCIO as a monotherapy for first-line maintenance in adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have remained progression-free after undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy. In December 2020, EMD Serono and Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has issued a positive opinion recommending the approval of BAVENCIO as a monotherapy for first-line maintenance in adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have remained progression-free after undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy. In June 2020, EMD Serono and Pfizer Inc. announced that the FDA has approved the supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) for BAVENCIO as a maintenance treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma whose disease has not progressed following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. In June 2020, Merck KGaA and Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) had accepted for review the Type II variation application for BAVENCIO as a first-line maintenance treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. In April 2020, EMD Serono and Pfizer Inc. finalized the submission of a supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) to the FDA for BAVENCIO as a first-line maintenance therapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. In October 2019, Merck KGaA and Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Commission (EC) has granted approval for BAVENCIO in combination with axitinib as a first-line treatment for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In May 2019, Merck KGaA and Pfizer Inc. announced that the FDA granted approval for BAVENCIO in combination with INLYTA as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In December 2017, Merck KGaA and Pfizer Inc. announced that the FDA had awarded Breakthrough Therapy Designation to avelumab in combination with INLYTA (axitinib) for newly diagnosed patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In September 2017, Merck KGaA and Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Commission (EC) has approved BAVENCIO as a standalone treatment for adult patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC), a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer. In September 2017, Merck KGaA and Pfizer Inc. announced that Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has approved BAVENCIO as the first and only treatment for curatively unresectable Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive cancer, in Japan. In May 2017, EMD Serono and Pfizer Inc. announced that the FDA approved BAVENCIO Injection to treat patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma whose disease has progressed during or after platinum-based chemotherapy or within 12 months of receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum-based treatment. In March 2017, EMD Serono and Pfizer Inc. announced that the FDA has approved BAVENCIO Injection 20 mg/mL, an intravenous treatment for adults and pediatric patients aged 12 and older with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC). In November 2014, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and Pfizer formed a strategic partnership to jointly develop and market BAVENCIO. Discover how BAVENCIO is shaping the merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma treatment landscape @ BAVENCIO Injection BAVENCIO Market Dynamics BAVENCIO, co-developed by Merck KGaA and Pfizer, is an anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor primarily approved for urothelial carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Its key differentiation lies in its first-in-class approval for maintenance therapy in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, setting it apart from competitors like KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) and TECENTRIQ (atezolizumab). However, in the broader immuno-oncology (IO) landscape, BAVENCIO faces stiff competition from other PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors that dominate indications in lung, renal, and other cancers. BAVENCIO's market uptake has been driven by its unique approval in the urothelial carcinoma maintenance setting, where it demonstrated a significant survival benefit. The drug has gained traction in major markets like the U.S., Europe, and Japan, benefiting from increased awareness and inclusion in treatment guidelines. However, its adoption has been tempered by physician familiarity with established IO therapies and payer considerations around cost-effectiveness, especially in competitive oncology segments. One of BAVENCIO's primary challenges is its limited label expansion compared to blockbuster PD-1 inhibitors like OPDIVO (nivolumab) and KEYTRUDA. While its urothelial carcinoma approval has a strong foothold, its lack of widespread use in high-incidence cancers like NSCLC constrains its market potential. Nonetheless, ongoing clinical trials exploring novel combination strategies with other immunotherapies and targeted agents could enhance its market positioning. Additionally, emerging markets and label expansions offer opportunities for future growth. The future of BAVENCIO will largely depend on its ability to secure new indications and differentiate itself in the crowded IO space. With increasing competition and biosimilar threats on the horizon, strategic partnerships, real-world evidence generation, and market access strategies will be crucial in sustaining its commercial success. Dive deeper to get more insight into BAVENCIO's strengths & weaknesses relative to competitors @ BAVENCIO Market Drug Report Table of Contents Related Reports Urothelial Carcinoma Market Urothelial Carcinoma Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key urothelial carcinoma companies including Pfizer, Merck, Eisai Inc, AstraZeneca, Seagen Inc, Bayer, Incyte Corporation, Acerta Pharma BV, among others. Urothelial Carcinoma Pipeline Urothelial Carcinoma Pipeline Insight – 2025 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key urothelial carcinoma companies, including MedPacto, AstraZeneca, Helsinn, QED Therapeutics, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Abbisko Therapeutics, Bayer, 4D pharma plc, RemeGen, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa Kirin, Inc., Ikena Oncology, Vyriad, Seagen, RemeGen, Pfizer, Incyte Corporation, Prestige BioPharma, TARIS Biomedical, Janssen Research and Development, among others. Merkel Cell Carcinoma Market Merkel Cell Carcinoma Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key merkel cell carcinoma companies including TuHURA Biosciences, Philogen, Immunomic Therapeutics, Phio Pharmaceuticals, AgonOx, Kymera Therapeutics, Merus N.V., among others. Renal Cell Carcinoma Market Renal Cell Carcinoma Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key renal cell carcinoma companies including AstraZeneca, Ipsen, Novartis, Pfizer, Amgen, among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Get hassle-free access to all the healthcare and pharma market research reports through our subscription-based platform PharmDelve . Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

上市批准免疫疗法突破性疗法

2024-11-09

·药渡

肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制性细胞因子

来源：小药说药前言癌细胞表观遗传学和生长动力学的改变导致细胞外分泌多种细胞因子，这些细胞因子控制免疫细胞的活性，使其有利于肿瘤生长。其中，免疫调节细胞因子的分泌是招募免疫抑制细胞的主要因素。肿瘤微环境中的免疫调节细胞因子招募其他免疫抑制细胞，并负责效应免疫细胞的表型和功能转换，使其支持肿瘤的发展。表型转换的免疫细胞进一步提高免疫抑制细胞因子的水平，并使肿瘤环境抵抗抗肿瘤免疫细胞的活性。其中MDSCs、TAMs、Treg和Breg细胞是调节性细胞因子的主要来源。在广泛的免疫抑制细胞因子中，IL-10、TGF-β、IL-4和IL-35在多种癌症的肿瘤环境中占主导地位，主要负责免疫抑制。这些细胞因子改变先天性和适应性免疫细胞的命运，并调节癌细胞的生长和增殖能力。同时，免疫抑制细胞因子也改变了幼稚免疫细胞的表观基因组和转录网络，有利于免疫抑制细胞谱系的形成。此外，这些细胞因子可以直接作用于细胞毒性CD8+T细胞或自然杀伤（NK）细胞，并抑制其效应器功能和增殖。 IL-10 IL-10是一种多功能的免疫抑制细胞因子，具有免疫调节和血管生成功能。IL-10由癌细胞和几种免疫细胞分泌，包括髓系和淋巴细胞。已有证据表明IL-10具有促进肿瘤和抑制肿瘤的双重功能。一方面，IL-10通过下调癌细胞和APC上的MHC表达来抑制细胞毒性T细胞活化，从而阻止抗原特异性T细胞识别癌细胞。另一方面，高剂量的IL-10可增强CD8+T细胞的增殖及其细胞毒性活性。某些炎性细胞因子和条件可能会促进组织损伤和肿瘤发生，IL-10可以抑制这些炎症状态，从而防止随后的肿瘤发生。最近的研究表明，基于西妥昔单抗的IL-10融合蛋白（CmAb-IL10）通过阻止树突状细胞介导的肿瘤浸润性CD8+T细胞凋亡，显示出强大的抗肿瘤作用。CmAb-IL10与免疫检查点阻断剂的联合应用显示，晚期肿瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤免疫力得到明显改善。因此，有必要根据具体癌症类型和患者亚群的具体情况，通过抑制或促进IL-10通路来评估潜在的治疗干预。 TGF-β TGF-β作为一种免疫抑制细胞因子，通过不同的机制对免疫应答产生广泛的抑制作用。TGF-β降低Th1、Th2细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的分化和功能，所有这些都提供重要的抗肿瘤反应。此外，TGF-β还通过调节Treg细胞的数量和功能，增强免疫耐受和肿瘤逃避。TGF-β通过抑制或刺激细胞增殖来调节免疫细胞的命运，从而影响胸腺和外周T细胞的发育。 TGF-β在TME中起着双重作用，这是由于肿瘤发展的不同阶段和基因改变背景决定的。在早期肿瘤中，TGF-β途径可诱导细胞凋亡并抑制包括癌细胞在内的细胞增殖。矛盾的是，在晚期，它通过调节基因组不稳定性、EMT、新生血管生成、免疫逃避和转移，具有促肿瘤作用。当促肿瘤功能压倒细胞中TGF-β信号的抗肿瘤作用时，它将以一致的方式作为肿瘤促进剂发挥作用。尽管有许多因素增加了TGF-β信号转导的复杂性，但在肿瘤治疗中TGF-β信号靶向药物显示出了强大的活性。这些特异性或非特异性药物包括靶向TGF-β受体的小分子、反义寡核苷酸、疫苗、中和抗体以及受体IgG-Fc融合蛋白。 Galunsertib（LY2157299）是第一个进入临床试验的小分子阻断剂，它抑制TGF-βRI激酶。在一项1/2期临床试验中，与安慰剂吉西他滨相比，Galunisertib联合吉西他滨治疗PAC患者的OS明显改善。TEW-7197是另一种TGF-βRI激酶抑制剂。 GC-1008（fresolimumab）是一种能中和TGF-β所有亚型的人源单克隆抗体。M7824（Bintrafusp-alfa）是一种由抗PD-L1的抗体和TGF-βRII分子的胞外段组成的双功能分子，可以“捕获”在TME中的TGF-β。ABBV-151影响TGF-β主动释放的复杂过程是另一种治疗干预手段。抗GARP抗体ABBV-151阻断其与LAP的结合显著减缓乳腺癌细胞系的肺转移。 Belagenpumatucel-L（Lucanix）是一种治疗性、基因修饰的异基因肿瘤细胞疫苗，用于NSCLC，抑制TGF-β2 mRNA的产生。虽然针对NSCLC的3期试验没有达到预定的临床终点，但额外的分析表明在患者亚群中取得了令人鼓舞的结果，在一线化疗结束后12周内随机使用Lucanix治疗的患者中，观察到OS的显著增加。Trabedersen（ap12009）是TGF-β2基因mRNA区域的反义互补物，通过下调TGF-β2 mRNA发挥抑制作用。在一项2期研究中，与标准化疗治疗相比，使用10 mM trabedersen治疗的复发/难治性晚期胶质瘤患者的2年生存率更高。 IL-4 IL-4主要作用于Th2细胞的谱系特异性分化和体液免疫反应的调节。除嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞外，IL-4主要由Th2细胞通过自分泌信号分泌。IL-4在肿瘤微环境中发挥着多种作用，并具有免疫抑制和抗肿瘤活性。研究表明，在结肠癌和乳腺癌小鼠模型中，阻断IL-4可减少特定肿瘤微环境中免疫抑制M2表型和MDSCs的生成，并改善肿瘤特异性CD8+T细胞反应。此外，阻断IL-4可提高抗OX40免疫治疗的反应性。在非小细胞肺癌小鼠模型中进行的类似研究表明，阻断IL-4可通过肿瘤抗原特异性树突状细胞增加IL-12的生成，从而增强效应T细胞的浸润和增殖，并减轻肿瘤负担。此外，在间变性甲状腺癌（ATC）小鼠模型中，IL-4的缺失可增强抗肿瘤免疫和总体存活率，且无任何明显毒性。研究表明，IL-4是一个新的治疗靶点，阻断可以减少肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制，提高传统癌症治疗的疗效。因此，与其他免疫抑制性细胞因子类似，IL-4是肿瘤发生和转移的关键调节因子，可能单独或与当前有效治疗癌症患者的治疗方案相结合，是一个有吸引力的免疫治疗靶点。 IL-35 与IL-10、TGF-β和IL-4相比，IL-35是一种异二聚体且相对较新发现的细胞因子，属于IL-12家族细胞因子，由p35和EBi3亚单位组成。IL-35已被证明在良性和恶性肿瘤的发展中发挥重要作用，包括肝细胞癌、晚期乳腺癌、胰腺导管腺癌、非小细胞肺癌和前列腺癌。此前，已有研究证明IL-35主要由Tregs产生，近年来，肿瘤细胞中IL-35的表达逐渐得到证实。在体内，IL-35通过增强其他细胞因子的分泌，如IL-6和G-CSF（粒细胞集落刺激因子），促进肿瘤生长、进展和转移。IL-35还抑制多种细胞因子，包括IFN-γ，以实现促肿瘤效应。积累的数据表明，IL-35可以参与TME中恶性肿瘤细胞与周围免疫细胞之间的相互作用，诱导免疫抑制环境并限制有效抗肿瘤免疫反应的参与。随着多种IL-35+免疫细胞类型如M1 TAM和DC的发现和分离，目前的证据表明，肿瘤源性IL-35广泛参与不同细胞环境的促肿瘤特性，可能是通过抑制肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）浸润和效应细胞增殖。总的来说，恶性肿瘤细胞以及周围基质细胞产生的IL-35有助于肿瘤微环境内的免疫抑制，从而支持肿瘤的持续生长和转移小结细胞因子在决定肿瘤发生命运的肿瘤免疫微环境中起着至关重要的作用。这些免疫抑制细胞因子限制抗肿瘤免疫细胞的增殖和效应功能，改变其可塑性，并将其转化为抑制表型。由于受限制的渗透或缺乏效应免疫细胞，导致免疫检查点抑制剂无法发挥最佳效果。因此，靶向或消耗这些细胞因子具有显著的临床益处。几种细胞因子在肿瘤发生中发挥免疫抑制作用，具体取决于肿瘤类型和肿瘤免疫环境。最近的多项研究显示，IL-10、TGF-β、IL-4和IL-35，这些细胞因子在限制抗肿瘤免疫和肿瘤生长进展中发挥重要作用。阻断IL-10、TGF-β、IL-4和IL-35等免疫抑制性细胞因子可能在使肿瘤对常规和免疫疗法敏感方面发挥显著的效果，从而激活抗肿瘤免疫，并控制肿瘤发生。参考文献： 1.Tumorpromoting roles of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-35: Its implications in cancerimmunotherapy. SAGE Open Med. 2022; 10: 20503121211069012. 2. Roles ofTGF-β signaling pathway in tumor microenvirionment andcancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Oct 21;89(Pt B):107101. 3. IL-35 Regulatesthe Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 683332. 药渡媒体商务合作媒体公关 | 新闻&会议发稿张经理：18600036371（微信同号）点击下方“药渡“，关注更多精彩内容免责声明 “药渡”公众号所转载该篇文章来源于其他公众号平台，主要目的在于分享行业相关知识，传递当前最新资讯。图片、文章版权均属于原作者所有，如有侵权，请及时告知，我们会在24小时内删除相关信息。微信公众号的推送规则又双叒叕改啦，如果您不点个“在看”或者没设为"星标"，我们可能就消散在茫茫文海之中~点这里，千万不要错过药渡的最新消息哦！👇👇👇

免疫疗法

100 项与 Vactosertib 相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	-	DB15310

研发状态

10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
食管腺癌	临床2期	美国	The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center	2024-09-30
局部进展期胃腺癌	临床2期	美国	The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center	2024-09-30
复发性骨肉瘤	临床2期	美国	MedPacto, Inc.	2023-05-01
黑色素瘤	临床2期	韩国	MSD Korea Co., Ltd.	2022-10-03
多发性骨髓瘤	临床2期	美国	MedPacto, Inc.	2022-01-30
非小细胞肺癌	临床2期	韩国	Merck & Co., Inc.	2022-01-30
非小细胞肺癌	临床2期	韩国	AstraZeneca PLC	2022-01-30
侵袭性纤维瘤病	临床2期	美国	MedPacto, Inc.	2021-06-01
PD-L1阳性非小细胞肺癌	临床2期	美国	MedPacto, Inc.	2020-12-17
晚期尿路上皮癌	临床2期	美国	MedPacto, Inc.	2019-12-13

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临床结果

适应症

分期

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


605 (SITC2024)	临床1/2期	PD-L1阳性非小细胞肺癌二线 PD-L1-positive	60	Vactosertib 200 mg	遞膚齋夢網糧醖顧簾遞(鹹構鏇蓋顧鹹構餘壓糧) = 6.7% 鹽範製觸積齋糧鏇繭願 (築鏇膚積鹹範獵醖願憲 ) 更多	积极	2024-11-05
605 (SITC2024)	临床1/2期	PD-L1阳性非小细胞肺癌二线 PD-L1-positive	60	Durvalumab 1500 mg	遞膚齋夢網糧醖顧簾遞(鹹構鏇蓋顧鹹構餘壓糧) = 6.7% 鹽範製觸積齋糧鏇繭願 (築鏇膚積鹹範獵醖願憲 ) 更多	积极	2024-11-05
ASH2023	临床1期	复发性多发性骨髓瘤	-	Vactosertib	廠齋壓衊艱艱範選願蓋(鹽顧鏇齋憲遞蓋顧窪獵) = 醖蓋鹽夢願艱壓壓築範齋鏇繭壓觸製壓築鬱選 (餘繭衊淵艱鹹窪蓋窪遞 )	-	2023-12-11
NCT03724851 (ESMO2023) 人工标引	临床1/2期	转移性微卫星稳定结直肠癌 Microsatellite Stable (MSS)	105	Vactosertib+pembrolizumab	遞醖糧鬱網觸蓋淵簾夢(夢網鹹構簾製製觸鹽艱) = 廠膚觸製糧獵範積衊鏇觸鏇艱憲窪構構鹹憲衊 (鏇網壓醖壓積窪蓋鹹製, 7.5 ~ 21.4) 更多	积极	2023-10-22
SOHO2023	N/A	多发性骨髓瘤	-	Vactosertib	鏇壓獵鑰獵範淵築膚獵(築範膚餘糧鹽製網艱顧) = Vactosertib + POM was well tolerated at all doses and had a manageable adverse event profile 鹽鏇鏇網糧願繭鬱網鑰 (繭築壓鬱範廠襯餘觸齋 )	-	2023-09-01
NCT03666832 (ASCO2022) 人工标引	临床1期	转移性胰腺癌二线	16	FOLFOX+vactosertib	糧鹽選鏇窪憲獵鬱獵蓋(鏇製鬱觸鑰醖齋鬱壓糧) = 齋鬱襯築範製膚鬱艱夢範壓壓範鏇鬱鹽築艱艱 (鏇衊築獵衊廠憲廠衊糧 ) 更多	积极	2022-06-02
NCT03724851 (MP-VAC-204, SITC2021)	临床1/2期	转移性结直肠癌 TIL \| TGF-Î² \| PD-L1-positive ... 更多	-	Vactosertib in combination with pembrolizumab	憲齋獵繭繭糧衊窪蓋襯(鏇遞憲築繭願簾蓋蓋選) = 選遞範築遞糧膚糧蓋餘膚淵願憲壓構鹹製糧蓋 (糧糧顧構願築鏇築願網 ) 更多	积极	2021-11-10
NCT03143985 (ASCO 12021 \| ASCO 22021) 人工标引	临床1期	复发性多发性骨髓瘤三线	15	pomalidomide+vactosertib	構艱構積願獵積積顧糧(鹽廠簾鏇襯淵觸範憲顧) = grade II fatigue and pain in one pt, one episode of grade III renal failure that ~ ok less than 7 days ~ get back ~ baseline on another patient, sinus bradycardia that reversed ~ sinus rythem and an Afib that was rate controlled with beta blocerk 夢繭製襯築醖鹽範繭願 (積廠製鹹夢艱願網窪窪 )	积极	2021-05-28
NCT03724851 (ASCO 12021 \| ASCO 22021) 人工标引	临床1/2期	转移性微卫星稳定结直肠癌 Microsatellite Stable (MSS)	33	vactosertib+pembrolizumab	夢壓壓餘淵鏇窪鹽網鑰(簾膚選齋觸範網壓繭製) = 構蓋鹹構窪襯構鬱餘蓋壓襯膚製鑰夢淵淵鑰襯 (範艱醖繭積餘糧觸糧淵 ) 更多	积极	2021-05-28
NCT03732274 (phase 1b/2a study, SITC2020)	临床1/2期	PD-L1阳性非小细胞肺癌 PD-L1 positive	26	Vactosertib 200 mg	遞網築蓋艱糧鹽艱網廠(獵醖選壓糧遞鑰網壓製) = Grade 4 TRAE 選遞憲選膚蓋齋齋鏇壓 (齋構淵鏇糧廠壓夢壓襯 ) 更多	积极	2020-11-09
NCT03732274 (phase 1b/2a study, SITC2020)	临床1/2期	PD-L1阳性非小细胞肺癌 PD-L1 positive	26	Durvalumab 1500 mg		积极	2020-11-09
NCT03698825 (ESMO2020) 人工标引	临床1期	转移性胃腺癌二线	12	paclitaxel+vactosertib	壓膚膚選鑰餘顧餘壓鬱(鏇餘選廠窪網餘襯觸艱) = vactosertib 300mg BID and weekly paclitaxel 簾鑰鹹製鑰齋餘鑰夢網 (鹽獵衊艱廠糧積糧糧艱 ) 更多	积极	2020-09-17
NCT03698825 (ESMO2020) 人工标引	临床1期	转移性胃腺癌二线	12	paclitaxel+vactosertib		积极	2020-09-17