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THURSDAY, Dec. 19, 2024 -- After years of decline, U.S. life expectancy is finally on the rise again for the first time since 2019, new government research shows. This turnaround was driven in part by a decline in drug overdose deaths, which had risen dramatically as a result of the opioid epidemic, according to a second report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That includes the first reduction in OD deaths caused by powerful synthetic opioids like fentanyl and tramadol, researchers said. “The age-adjusted rate for drug overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids other than methadone decreased from 2022 to 2023, the first such decrease since the large increases that began in 2013,” concluded the research team led by Matthew Garnett , an injury epidemiologist and statistician with the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). “The rate also decreased for deaths involving natural and semisynthetic opioids and heroin between 2022 and 2023,” the team added. Life expectancy at birth in 2023 was 78.4 years for the total population, an increase of 0.9 years from 77.5 in 2022, CDC researchers reported. For men, life expectancy increased 1 year, from 74.8 in 2022 to 75.8 in 2023. Meanwhile, women saw a 0.9-year increase, from 80.2 in 2022 to 81.1 in 2023. “From 2022 to 2023, age-adjusted death rates decreased for 9 of the 10 leading causes of death,” wrote the life expectancy research team led by Elizabeth Arias , a health scientist with the NCHS. Deaths due to heart disease, accidental injury, stroke, respiratory disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease and COVID-19 all fell significantly between 2022 and 2023, researchers found. The rate of cancer deaths also went down, but not significantly, the report says. The end of the pandemic likely contributed to the increase in life expectancy, researchers said. “The most notable change was for COVID-19, which dropped from the 4th leading cause in 2022 to the 10th leading cause in 2023,” the researchers wrote. Overall, COVID deaths decreased more than 73% between 2022 and 2023, falling from 44.5 deaths to 11.9 deaths per 100,000, researchers said. A decrease in drug OD deaths also contributed to improved life expectancy. The rate of drug overdose deaths fell from 32.6 per 100,000 in 2022 to 31.3 per 100,000 in 2023, researchers said. Drug OD deaths are considered accidental injury deaths. These results jibe with statistics released last week by the CDC, which reported that drug OD deaths had decreased 17% between July 2023 and July 2024. However, the OD death rate is still 3.5 times what it was in 2003, when 8.9 people for every 100,000 died by drug overdose. Drug OD deaths related to synthetic opioids declined by 2.2% between 2022 and 2023, results show -- the first significant decline in OD deaths related to synthetic opioids like fentanyl since 2003, researchers added. Drug overdose deaths related to natural opioids like morphine, oxycodone and hydrocodone also declined 17.1%, between 2022 and 2023, and OD deaths caused by heroin decreased 33.3%. However, OD death rates for cocaine increased by 4.9% between 2022 and 2023, and OD deaths from stimulants like methamphetamine increased by 1.9%, researchers said. Lastly, infants did not seem to benefit from the declining death rates, researchers found. “The infant mortality rate of 560.2 infant deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 was not significantly different from the rate in 2022,” the researchers wrote. The ten leading causes of infant death in 2023 -- birth defects, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, unintentional injuries, maternal complications, bacterial sepsis of newborn, cord and placental complications, respiratory distress of newborn, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia, and diseases of the circulatory system -- accounted for more than 65% of all infant deaths, researchers concluded. Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

2024年11月22日，昌郁医药宣布公司自主研发的双效偶合镇痛创新药XG005口服片剂（XG005）在美国开展的多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的2b/3期临床研究（研究注册编号：NCT06017999） 取得了显著的阳性结果。该研究旨在评估XG005不同剂量用于拇外翻手术后急性疼痛患者的有效性、安全性和给药剂量探索的研究。研究结果显示XG005 在缓解患者疼痛方面显著优于安慰剂，且具良好的安全性和耐受性，没有发生与药物相关的严重不良事件。 XG005是一个全新化学分子，具有双重独特作用机制的非阿片药物，可同时治疗炎性和神经性疼痛。该临床研究与临床疼痛研究机构Lotus Clinical Research, LLC合作，在美国多个研究中心进行，共450名拇外翻手术后受试者参加试验。受试者按1:1:1比例随机分配在750 mg组、1250 mg组和安慰剂组，每组患者在72小时内每日服用药物两次。在此研究中分别使用对乙酰氨基酚和曲马多为补救药物。 根据预先由FDA同意的结果分析计划，主要疗效终点和关键次要疗效终点为1250 mg剂量组和750 mg剂量组分别与安慰剂组比较，在48小时内的疼痛强度总和均具有显著统计学差异 （均为p<0.0001），并且1250 mg的镇痛效果也显著优于750 mg，并获得统计学差异 （P=0.0374）。 其他疗效终点分析结果方面： 术后72小时内，两个活性药物治疗组的疼痛强度评分均显著低于安慰剂组，并具有统计学意义（P<0.0001）；在同一观察期内，高剂量服药组的最大疼痛程度为轻度（疼痛评分为<4.0 NRS），而安慰剂组则为中度至重度疼痛（>7.0 NRS）（见下图） 高剂量组、低剂量组和安慰剂组首次使用补救药物的中位时长分别为手术后31.47小时、12.24小时和4.03小时，高剂量组手术后首次使用补救药物的时长是安慰剂组的8倍。高剂量组、低剂量组与安慰剂组相比，风险比分别为0.2和0.24（P<0.0001）。 术后72小时内，两个活性药物治疗组的阿片补救药物总使用量统计学上显著低于安慰剂组（P<0.0001），XG005高剂量组、低剂量组和安慰剂组的吗啡等效剂量（MEQ）分别为6.72mg、9.38mg和23.86/24.68 mg。 术后72小时内，两个活性药物治疗组的对乙酰氨基酚总使用量（补救用药）统计学上显著低于安慰剂组（P<0.0001），XG005高剂量组、低剂量组和安慰剂组的平均值分别为1586.03mg、1975.89mg和4812.7/4892.74 mg。 术后72小时内，XG005组的患者整体评估（PGA）量表评分在疼痛控制上显著优于安慰剂组，具有统计学意义（P<0.0001）。 与安慰剂组相比，XG005治疗组的睡眠干扰评分显示患者术后睡眠显著改善（P<0.0001）。 作为主要研究者之一，来自德克萨斯州Legent Orthopedic Hospital的骨外科医生Richard Evanson博士表示：“很感谢能参与这项非常有意义的研究，根据研究结果我可以诚实地说，终于有了比阿片止痛药更好的替代品。这款新药将会彻底改变围手术期的疼痛管理。”（“As a grateful participant in this phenomenal study, I can honestly say that we finally have a better alternative to narcotic pain medicine. This new medicine will revolutionize the world of peri-operative pain management.”） 昌郁医药首席医学官姜广良博士表示：“我在以往多中心临床试验中从没有见到如此明显疗效的镇痛药物。在活性药物治疗组中，平均疼痛程度均为轻度，而安慰剂组则为重度。高剂量组的补救药物（包括阿片类药物）使用量，不到安慰剂组使用量的1/3。主要（高剂量组）和关键次要（低剂量组）疗效终点的标准效应量分别为1.55和1.28。XG005展现出来的令人信服的疗效使其与其他镇痛药明显优势，此结果让我们深受鼓舞，我们将加快研发进程，期待早日将其用于广大患者治疗。” 昌郁医药首席执行官徐景宏博士介绍：“对于急性疼痛，亟需更有效、更安全的非阿片类药物治疗，许多患者无法耐受药物副作用，因此无法获得满意的疼痛缓解。与目前治疗药物相比，我们很高兴这次试验结果展示了XG005的卓越疗效，相信XG005将会成为更好的临床治疗选择。昌郁医药为这款自主创新的产品研究结果感到自豪，我们将信心百倍的加快推进其临床研发进程。” 关于急性疼痛 急性疼痛为持续时间不足3个月的疼痛。2023年，全球急性疼痛市场估值约为500.3亿美元，2032年预计将达到约783.6亿美元。由于非阿片类药物的治疗选择非常有限，急性疼痛管理中存在巨大的未被满足的医疗需求，改善患者的治疗体验并减轻经济和社会负担成为重中之重。(Acute Pain Market Size, Share, Trends & Report | 2032 ) 关于XG005  XG005是昌郁自主研发的口服非阿片类双效镇痛药物，不仅具备抗炎疗效，同时可抑制由炎性和神经性病变引起的疼痛。口服后，XG005吸收进入血液，通过酶解同时释放出两种活性药物成份，改善了原药药代缺陷，确保两种药物血药浓度在体内的协同性。通过同时抑制环氧合酶（COX）和调节外周α2δ亚型钙离子通道，XG005可以更全面的对疼痛信号传递进行抑制，从而达到更好的临床镇痛疗效，同时也减少了长期使用同类产品时可能产生的胃肠道和中枢神经系统的副作用。 XG005在中国骨关节炎的临床2b期试验亦于今年8月取得了显著阳性结果。XG005在癌性骨痛的临床2b期试验目前也正在中国大陆和台湾地区进行。 关于昌郁医药 昌郁医药成立于2016年，由国际一流的研发团队和临床专家组成。利用独家专利技术，开发双效偶合新分子药物，通过靶向多模式治疗手段，打造低毒性、高疗效的创新药物，解决当前医疗领域中未被满足的需求，为患者提供新的治疗选择。秉承科学严谨的态度，通过持续创新和全球合作，昌郁医药致力于将最前沿的医疗科技转化为突破性的医疗解决方案，以改善患者的健康和福祉。访问我们的网站www.xgenepharm.com。 Copyright © 2024 PHARMCUBE. All Rights Reserved. 欢迎转发分享及合理引用，引用时请在显要位置标明文章来源；如需转载，请给微信公众号后台留言或发送消息，并注明公众号名称及ID。 免责申明：本微信文章中的信息仅供一般参考之用，不可直接作为决策内容，医药魔方不对任何主体因使用本文内容而导致的任何损失承担责任。