盐酸瑞芬太尼(Remifentanil Hydrochloride) - 药物靶点：μ opioid receptor_在研适应症：疼痛，麻醉_专利_临床

概要

基本信息

药物类型

小分子化药

别名

Afentanil、Aruchiba、Remifentanil

+ [16]

靶点

μ opioid receptor

作用方式

激动剂

作用机制

μ opioid receptor激动剂(μ-阿片受体激动剂)

治疗领域

在研适应症

非在研适应症

原研机构

在研机构

GSK PlcAspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd.Abbott Laboratories (Philippines), Inc.

+ [2]

非在研机构

Air Liquide Santé (International) SA

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批日期

美国 (1996-07-12),

麻醉

最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市

特殊审评-

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结构/序列

分子式C20H29ClN2O5

InChIKeyWFBMIPUMYUHANP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS号132539-07-2

关联

918

项与盐酸瑞芬太尼相关的临床试验

NCT06564857

/ Not yet recruiting临床4期IIT

Remifentanil Versus Rocuronium for Optimizing Video Laryngoscopy-assisted Tracheal Intubation in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia - a Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial -The ROCVIDEO Trial

Globally, we are approaching 1 million surgical procedures each day. Tracheal intubation is the mainstay of securing the patient's airway and breathing during general anaesthesia. Approximately 100.000 tracheal intubations are performed annually in Denmark. Airway management remains the primary reason for anaesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. It has been traditionally accepted that best tracheal intubation conditions are obtained by paralysing the patient's muscles, including vocal cords, using a neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) such as rocuronium. However, using NBMA may increase the risk of pulmonary complications, intra-operative awareness, in which the patient is paralysed but awake during surgery, anaphylaxis, and re-intubation. In addition, there is a risk of residual neuromuscular blockade postoperatively. In the US, prolonged ventilation and unplanned intubation are the top two most costly perioperative complications. An alternative to NMBA is a large dose of opioids to depress laryngeal reflexes during intubation. The most commonly used non-NMBA modality includes bolus administration of remifentanil. However, remifentanil may cause bradycardia and hypotension. Even short periods of hypotension have been shown to increase the risk of myocardial injury and other serious adverse events such as renal failure, delirium, and even mortality.
Evidence also indicates that intubation conditions using only opioids to facilitate intubation, including remifentanil, are inferior to NMBA. However, these trials are underpowered to assess effects on patient-important outcomes and are mostly at high risk of bias. A recent trial has suggested that remifentanil intubation conditions may not be very different. Almost all existing research comparing NMBA to opioids has focused on intubation conditions for direct laryngoscopy using a conventional Macintosh laryngoscopy blade. In recent years, the implementation and availability of the video laryngoscope have grown exponentially and become universal. The video laryngoscope has vastly improved the ease of tracheal intubation, and the number of failed intubations has decreased by two-thirds in Denmark, where a rapid implementation of the video laryngoscope took place. However, limited evidence exists on whether NMBA improves intubation conditions compared to remifentanil when performing video laryngoscope-assisted tracheal intubation.

开始日期2025-06-01

申办/合作机构-

ChiCTR2500098766

/ Suspended临床4期IIT

Impact of Fospropofol disodium and Remifentanil Combination Therapy for Analgesia and Sedation on Mechanical Ventilation Weaning, Sleep, and Delirium in Patients with Mild to Moderate ARDS: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study

开始日期2025-04-01

申办/合作机构-

NCT06810843

/ Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

Sedation of Remazolam in Combination With Afentanil in Non-intubated Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Surgery: a Single-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Non-intubated Thoracoscopic surgery (NITS) is a newly emerging minimally invasive surgical technique in recent years . Compared with traditional intubation general anesthesia, it has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications . This surgical method allows patients to perform under local anesthesia or regional block and moderate sedation, providing a physiologic ventilation method , reducing the intervention on the respiratory system and conducive to rapid postoperative recovery.
The importance of sedative drugs in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery Successful implementation of non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery requires sound regional block, airway management, and rational use of intravenous sedation and analgesics . In addition, sedative drugs need to have less respiratory and circulatory inhibition and fewer side effects. Propofol, as the most commonly used sedative drug, has a high incidence of adverse reactions such as injection pain and respiratory and circulatory inhibition. A large number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews have compared the sedative effects of remazolam and propofol, proving that Remazolam, as a new sedative, has advantages such as short half-life, rapid onset, rapid recovery, and light respiratory and circulatory inhibition.Compared with traditional benzodiazepines, Remazolam has a shorter half-life, which is conducive to rapid postoperative wakeup and reduces the risk of discomfort and cognitive dysfunction in patients. In addition, remazolam has little influence on the respiratory system and is relatively stable on the circulatory system ，which is an ideal sedation option for non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery that retains spontaneous respiration. Afentanil mainly acts on μ opioid receptors , and its analgesic intensity is about 15 times that of morphine, which has the advantages of rapid onset, short duration of action, rapid recovery, high safety, and few adverse reactions . Afentanil has a short half-life , mild respiratory depression, low incidence of cough, postoperative nausea and vomiting . Remazolam combined with afentanil is widely used in various surgeries or examinations that preserve spontaneous breathing, such as gastroenteroscopy, ERCP, hysteroscopy, short-term plastic surgery and fiberbronchoscopy, and has shown the advantage of light respiratory circulation inhibition . We speculate that remazolam combined with afentanil may have certain advantages in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery that retains spontaneous breathing. At present, the application of remazolam combined with afentanil in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery is still lacking. The purpose of this study was to observe the safety and effectiveness of remazolam combined with afentanil in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery, and to provide a better choice of sedation drugs for non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery.

开始日期2025-04-01

申办/合作机构

山东第一医科大学第一附属医院（山东省千佛山医院、山东省牙病防治指导中心）

100 项与盐酸瑞芬太尼相关的临床结果

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100 项与盐酸瑞芬太尼相关的转化医学

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100 项与盐酸瑞芬太尼相关的专利（医药）

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9,387

项与盐酸瑞芬太尼相关的文献（医药）

2025-06-01·Intensive and Critical Care Nursing

The comparison of pupillometry to standard clinical practice for pain and preemptive analgesia before endotracheal suctioning: A randomized controlled trial

Article

作者: Perez-Francisco, Ines ; Vallejo-De-la-Cueva, Ana ; Bermudez-Ampudia, Cristina ; López-de-Audícana-Jimenez-de-Aberasturi, Yolanda ; Parraza-Diez, Naiara ; Bengoetxea-Ibarrondo, Miren Begoña

BACKGROUND:

Pain during endotracheal aspiration (ETA) is frequent in critically ill patients. Managing pre-emptive analgesia before procedures remains a crucial aspect of care. We compared pupillometry to standard clinical practice for assessing preemptive-analgesia administration and pain before ETA according to Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS), the Behavioural Pain Indicator Scale (ESCID), and the Pupillary Dilation Reflex (PDR).

TRIAL DESIGN:

A multicentre parallel-group, controlled trial with balanced (1:1) randomization.

METHODS:

Sedated, mechanically ventilated patients aged ≥ 18 with baseline BPS = 3, ESCID = 1, and RASS scores between -1 and -4 were included.

CONTROL GROUP:

preemptive-analgesia was administered according to nurse criteria. In the experimental group, preemptive analgesia was administered in patients with PDR ≥ 11.5 % after a 20 mA stimulus measured using AlgiScan®. The preemptive analgesia was fentanyl one µg/kg iv bolus. We used the Chi-square statistic to compare post-intervention pain according to BPS, ESCID, and PDR pain values. A multivariate logistic regression study adjusting for sex, BIS, RASS, APACHE II, remifentanil, and preemptive analgesia was conducted.

RESULTS:

Ninety-two patients were studied, 51 in control groups and 41 in intervention groups. Pain incidence was lower in the experimental group. Significantly, 43.9 % of patients in the experimental group were prescribed preemptive analgesia before ETA compared to 19.6 % in the control group (p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed significant reductions in pain in the group that received preemptive-analgesia before ETA guided by pupillometry across BPS [OR = 0.34 (95 % CI: 0.12-0.99), p = 0.048], ESCID [OR = 0.29 (95 % CI: 0.09-0.88), p = 0.030] and PDR [OR = 0.27 (95 % IC: 0.08-0.86), p = 0.027] compared to standard clinical practice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Preemptive analgesia monitored with pupillometry group had a lower percentage of patients with pain than those who received analgesia based on standard clinical practice. This effect was independent of the sex, patient severity, BIS score, remifentanil use, or preemptive- analgesia.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE:

The requirement for preemptive analgesia before aspiration, evaluated through routine clinical practice, was lower than detected by pupillometric monitoring of patients. The use of pupillometry to monitor preemptive analgesia reduced pain after secretion aspiration. Pupillometry would be an effective tool to individualize the need for preemptive analgesia before potentially painful interventions, applicable to all patients regardless of sex, severity, or sedation level.

2025-04-01·ANESTHESIOLOGY

TAK-925 (Danavorexton), an Orexin Receptor 2 Agonist, Reduces Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression and Sedation without Affecting Analgesia in Healthy Men

Article

作者: van Lemmen, Maarten ; van Velzen, Monique ; Lu, Hong ; Jansen, Simone C. ; Meyer, Seetha ; Wu, Rebecca L. ; Tolkoff, Max ; Naylor, Melissa ; von Rosenstiel, Philipp ; Hang, Yaming ; Sullivan, Danielle ; Sheikh, Sarah ; Dahan, Albert ; Olsson, Tina ; van der Schrier, Rutger

Background::

Orexin neuropeptides help regulate sleep/wake states, respiration, and pain. However, their potential role in regulating breathing, particularly in perioperative settings, is not well understood. TAK-925 (danavorexton), a novel orexin receptor 2–selective agonist, directly activates neurons associated with respiratory control in the brain and improves respiratory parameters in rodents undergoing fentanyl-induced sedation. This study assessed the safety and effect of danavorexton on ventilation in healthy men in an established remifentanil-induced respiratory depression model.

Methods::

This single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover, phase 1 trial randomized (1:1) 13 healthy men to danavorexton (11 mg [low-dose], then 19 mg [high-dose]) or placebo, under remifentanil infusion, on two occasions separated by a 36-h or longer washout period. Remifentanil infusion was titrated under isohypercapnic conditions to achieve an approximately 30 to 40% decrease in minute ventilation (from approximately 20 to approximately 14 l/min) before danavorexton/placebo administration. Assessments included safety, ventilation measurements, sedation, and pain tolerance.

Results::

A total of four (30.8%) danavorexton-treated participants and one (8.3%) placebo-treated participant experienced treatment-emergent adverse events (all mild in severity). Insomnia, lasting 1 day, occurred in one participant, and was considered related to danavorexton. Compared with placebo, low- and high-dose danavorexton significantly increased ventilation variables (observed mean [95% CI] change, sensitivity analysis model-based P values) including minute volume (8.2 [95% CI, 5.0 to 11.4] and 13.0 [95% CI, 9.4 to 16.5] l/min), tidal volume (312 [95% CI, 180 to 443] and 483 [95% CI, 309 to 657] ml), and respiratory rate (3.8 [95% CI, 1.9 to 5.7] and 5.2 [95% CI, 2.7 to 7.7] breaths/min; all P < 0.001). High-dose danavorexton significantly decreased sedation on a visual analog scale (–29.7 [95% CI, –54.1 to –5.3] mm; P < 0.001) and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (0.4 [95% CI, 0.0 to 0.7]; P < 0.001) compared with placebo. Improvements in respiratory variables continued beyond completion of danavorexton infusion. No significant differences in pain tolerance were observed between danavorexton doses or between danavorexton and placebo (approximately 13% increase from baseline; low dose, P = 0.491; high dose, P = 0.140).

Conclusions::

Danavorexton has effects on respiration and wakefulness in an opioid-induced respiratory depression setting without reversing opioid analgesia.

2025-04-01·JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY

Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Triple-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Article

作者: Wu, Xin-wei ; Li, Qi ; Wu, Xin-Wei ; Zhou, Hong-Mei ; Zhou, Hong-mei ; Zhang, Liang

BACKGROUND:

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) induces postoperative pain in elderly individuals. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a novel analgesic approach for postoperative pain control. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided ESPB with ropivacaine in reducing pain in elderly patients undergoing THA.

METHODS:

Patients aged 60 to 80 years who had an American society of Anesthesiologists physical statuses I to III were eligible for this study. There were 50 patients who were randomized into two groups: the ESPB group receiving ultrasound-guided ESPB with ropivacaine, and the control group receiving ESPB with normal saline. All patients underwent general anesthesia, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) heart rate (HR) intraoperative opioid consumption, numerical rating scale (NRS)scores, and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded throughout the perioperative period.

RESULTS:

A significant reduction in NRS scores was observed in the ESPB group compared to the control group at various time points, including in the recovery room and at 12 and 24 hours postoperatively (P < 0.05). When the observation period was extended to 48 hours, no significant difference in NRS scores was noted between the two groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences in MAP and HR were found between the two groups, but the ESPB group showed lower coefficients of variation for both MAP and HR. Moreover, the ESPB group demonstrated significantly lower total remifentanil consumption than the control group. There was no significant difference in complications between these two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Ultrasound-guided ESPB enhances the perioperative stability of MAP and HR, providing effective analgesia within the initial 24 hours postsurgery, thereby reducing opioid requirements and improving overall postoperative recovery quality for elderly THA patients.

86

项与盐酸瑞芬太尼相关的新闻（医药）

2025-03-14

·echemi

5 Key Updates on China's Fentanyl Control Amid US Tariffs

On February 1st, the United States announced a 10% tariff on products imported from China, citing concerns over the fentanyl crisis. In response, a spokesperson from the Ministry of Public Security emphasized that China maintains one of the strictest drug control policies in the world. As a signatory to the three UN drug control conventions, China has consistently upheld its international obligations and actively collaborates with countries, including the US, on drug enforcement efforts. In 2019, China took a humanitarian step by becoming the first country to classify all fentanyl-related substances under stringent controls, responding to US requests. Since this classification, China has not received reports of these substances being seized in the US. On March 12th, the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) shared insights regarding China's management of fentanyl substances through a recently released white paper. The spokesperson addressed concerns about the production and export of fentanyl-related pharmaceuticals. Currently, four fentanyl-related drugs are approved for clinical use in China: fentanyl, sufentanil, remifentanil, and alfentanil. Three companies have been authorized to produce raw materials, while five are permitted to manufacture formulations. In 2024, China produced 100 kilograms of fentanyl raw materials, primarily for domestic medical use and export, with only 12.3 kilograms exported to countries like South Korea, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Notably, China has never exported fentanyl products to North America. All fentanyl-related drugs in China are classified as controlled narcotics, subjected to stringent regulations. The production and distribution of these drugs are closely monitored, with specific companies designated for manufacturing and fixed sales channels established. Export controls require permits, and international verification ensures the legality of trade before issuing export licenses. The NMPA will continue to enhance the supervision of fentanyl-related drug production and strictly regulate exports to prevent illegal channels and misuse, ensuring that medical needs are met responsibly.

上市批准

2025-03-13

·蒲公英Ouryao

《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书答记者问发布

来源：国家药监局编辑：清风 2025年03月12日，国家药监局发布了《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书答记者问，强调我国从未向北美地区出口过芬太尼类药品，未发现药品生产经营企业存在违法生产经营芬太尼类药品的情况，也未发现芬太尼类药品从药品生产经营企业流入非法渠道的情况。一、《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书答记者问问：近日,国务院新闻办公室发布了《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书。请问中国芬太尼类药品生产经营出口管理情况如何？是否存在从合法企业流失芬太尼类药品问题？答：芬太尼类药品临床主要用于镇痛，非医疗目的使用会引发药物滥用，甚至导致公共卫生问题和社会问题。截至目前，我国共有4种芬太尼类药品作为药品批准上市，分别是芬太尼、舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、阿芬太尼。3家企业获准生产原料药，5家企业获准生产制剂。 2024年，我国芬太尼类药品原料药生产量为100公斤，主要用于国内医疗使用和出口。2024年，我国芬太尼类药品出口量为12.3公斤（以芬太尼类物质碱基计），主要出口至韩国、越南、菲律宾等国家。截至目前，我国从未向北美地区出口过芬太尼类药品。在我国芬太尼类药品全部列入麻醉药品管理。药品监管部门对芬太尼类药品实行最严格管制，生产经营实行企业定点、以需定产、固定渠道销售，出口实行准许证管理。对芬太尼类药品生产经营定期开展巡查检查，及时排查安全风险隐患。组织开展专项检查和飞行检查，切实规范生产经营秩序。对芬太尼类药品出口实行国际核查制度，经进口国家主管部门确认贸易合法性后再核发出口准许证。召开芬太尼类药品生产、经营和出口企业警示教育会，增强企业守法经营的意识，筑牢芬太尼类药品安全防线。通过监管部门和企业的共同努力，芬太尼类药品生产经营管理平稳，未发现药品生产经营企业存在违法生产经营芬太尼类药品的情况，也未发现芬太尼类药品从药品生产经营企业流入非法渠道的情况。下一步，国家药监局将继续强化芬太尼类药品生产经营的监督管理，严格芬太尼类药品出口审批，保障芬太尼类药品医疗需求，严防流入非法渠道和滥用。二、《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书 3月4日，国务院新闻办公室正式发布《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书，系统阐述了中国在芬太尼类物质管控领域的政策框架、实践成果及国际合作，展现了全球毒品治理的“中国智慧”与责任担当。具体详见：《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书发布白皮书明确，“芬太尼类物质”的法律定义涵盖丙酰基替代、芳香基团替换等结构变化，既堵截非法滥用漏洞，又保障医药领域合理需求。此前，美国东部时间2月27日，美方威胁将于3月4日起以芬太尼为由对中国输美产品再加征10%关税。推荐阅读：蒲公英Ouryao视频号投稿、广告、商务合作： Qinrenlvcha

医药出海

2025-03-12

·国家药品监督管理局

国家药监局新闻发言人就《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书答记者问

问：近日,国务院新闻办公室发布了《中国的芬太尼类物质管控》白皮书。请问中国芬太尼类药品生产经营出口管理情况如何？是否存在从合法企业流失芬太尼类药品问题？答：芬太尼类药品临床主要用于镇痛，非医疗目的使用会引发药物滥用，甚至导致公共卫生问题和社会问题。截至目前，我国共有4种芬太尼类药品作为药品批准上市，分别是芬太尼、舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、阿芬太尼。3家企业获准生产原料药，5家企业获准生产制剂。 2024年，我国芬太尼类药品原料药生产量为100公斤，主要用于国内医疗使用和出口。2024年，我国芬太尼类药品出口量为12.3公斤（以芬太尼类物质碱基计），主要出口至韩国、越南、菲律宾等国家。截至目前，我国从未向北美地区出口过芬太尼类药品。在我国，芬太尼类药品全部列入麻醉药品管理。药品监管部门对芬太尼类药品实行最严格管制，生产经营实行企业定点、以需定产、固定渠道销售，出口实行准许证管理。对芬太尼类药品生产经营定期开展巡查检查，及时排查安全风险隐患。组织开展专项检查和飞行检查，切实规范生产经营秩序。对芬太尼类药品出口实行国际核查制度，经进口国家主管部门确认贸易合法性后再核发出口准许证。召开芬太尼类药品生产、经营和出口企业警示教育会，增强企业守法经营的意识，筑牢芬太尼类药品安全防线。通过监管部门和企业的共同努力，芬太尼类药品生产经营管理平稳，未发现药品生产经营企业存在违法生产经营芬太尼类药品的情况，也未发现芬太尼类药品从药品生产经营企业流入非法渠道的情况。下一步，国家药监局将继续强化芬太尼类药品生产经营的监督管理，严格芬太尼类药品出口审批，保障芬太尼类药品医疗需求，严防流入非法渠道和滥用。

上市批准

100 项与盐酸瑞芬太尼相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01177	盐酸瑞芬太尼	N01AH06	DB00899

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
疼痛	瑞士	GSK Plc	1997-01-28
麻醉	美国	Mylan Institutional LLC	1996-07-12

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10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
镇痛	临床3期	德国	GSK Plc	2006-11-01
镇静	临床3期	德国	GSK Plc	2006-11-01
痛觉过敏	临床1期	德国	Air Liquide Santé (International) SA	2012-01-01

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT02898792 (Pubmed \| Br J Anaesth)	早期临床1期	阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征	-	remifentanil (Adult volunteers without OSA)	鏇壓壓鏇齋鏇範鏇憲顧(齋選鹽鬱餘鹽願艱鑰淵) = 築鑰壓遞構製糧範膚鬱鬱獵願壓廠鏇窪淵鏇網 (鏇鏇範鹹獵襯壓遞蓋壓 ) 更多	积极	2025-03-01
				remifentanil (Adult volunteers with untreated OSA)	鏇壓壓鏇齋鏇範鏇憲顧(齋選鹽鬱餘鹽願艱鑰淵) = 築鹹簾鏇淵艱壓壓鹽淵鬱獵願壓廠鏇窪淵鏇網 (鏇鏇範鹹獵襯壓遞蓋壓 ) 更多
NCT04734418 (Pubmed \| J Intensive Care) 人工标引	N/A	-	179	Remifentanil	願廠構鬱鹽蓋觸壓齋糧(鬱範遞窪艱願糧遞鹽餘) = 繭獵鏇糧鏇鹽衊衊蓋窪鬱鬱衊膚壓獵構選顧觸 (窪鹹窪艱積蓋餘網膚鏇 ) 更多	不佳	2024-09-18
				Dexmedetomidine	願廠構鬱鹽蓋觸壓齋糧(鬱範遞窪艱願糧遞鹽餘) = 艱窪築糧蓋鑰鬱膚顧製鬱鬱衊膚壓獵構選顧觸 (窪鹹窪艱積蓋餘網膚鏇 ) 更多
NCT02631135 (CTgov)	临床4期	-	40	Propofol+Rocuronium+Remifentanil (Group 1 (TIVA))	糧繭夢齋願製選膚壓構(獵鏇簾齋餘衊憲壓網醖) = 壓網蓋襯範鹽鹽網製壓選顧選鑰鹹蓋簾顧淵簾 (齋積鏇範齋製醖艱廠選, 1.31) 更多	-	2024-05-17
				Dexmedetomidine+Propofol+Rocuronium+Remifentanil (Group 2 (TIVA+D))	糧繭夢齋願製選膚壓構(獵鏇簾齋餘衊憲壓網醖) = 衊鏇艱遞築鑰選艱糧齋選顧選鑰鹹蓋簾顧淵簾 (齋積鏇範齋製醖艱廠選, 1.19) 更多
NCT03207100 (Pubmed) 人工标引	N/A	脑出血	338	remifentanil grdexmedetomidineil and dexmedetomidine)	範艱艱襯艱餘窪憲範網(築廠窪鑰憲膚積窪繭願) = 築選願糧淵顧積糧鬱構淵鬱鹽蓋糧顧廠淵膚鹽 (築壓糧壓艱鬱艱齋觸獵 )	积极	2024-03-27
				remifentanil (Control group (standard guideline-based management))	範艱艱襯艱餘窪憲範網(築廠窪鑰憲膚積窪繭願) = 選獵鹹鑰餘顧繭築築觸淵鬱鹽蓋糧顧廠淵膚鹽 (築壓糧壓艱鬱艱齋觸獵 )
NCT03643796 (CTgov)	临床4期	椎间盘疾病	32	Remifentanil (Remifentanil Group)	積鑰繭築築製鏇蓋鬱膚 = 壓膚鏇繭衊鹹餘選鏇獵夢簾簾襯憲鏇簾繭製築 (夢鬱鹽繭觸遞鏇艱鏇願, 遞簾糧鑰醖鹽壓鬱鬱膚 ~ 簾鑰鏇襯遞廠餘獵範衊) 更多	-	2023-09-18
				Dexmedetomidine+Ketamine (Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine Group)	積鑰繭築築製鏇蓋鬱膚 = 衊糧網繭窪憲鏇鹽衊壓夢簾簾襯憲鏇簾繭製築 (夢鬱鹽繭觸遞鏇艱鏇願, 醖壓艱鑰鹽繭夢願蓋繭 ~ 鑰範顧願膚膚製憲構壓) 更多
ChiCTR2100054565 (Pubmed \| BMC Anesthesiol)	临床4期	-	-	Remifentanil	選築網衊夢窪簾鹹鬱餘(製鏇築憲簾顧廠積獵淵) = which occurred in 3 patients 窪觸餘艱齋鏇遞窪遞選 (衊齋獵範構構淵淵窪窪 )	-	2023-06-28
NCT02989597 (MAPS, CTgov)	临床4期	术后疼痛	10	Spinal Fusion Surgery+Sufentanil+Methadone Hydrochloride+Dexamethasone+ketamine+Remifentanil (Intra-operative Methadone Hydrochloride)	簾夢顧襯觸膚蓋齋繭窪(網繭蓋獵獵鑰顧艱選襯) = 糧選鬱繭選醖鹹築顧鬱膚獵築壓壓鑰簾廠襯鏇 (願選繭廠製餘鬱蓋窪積, 艱艱蓋簾窪夢壓壓顧窪 ~ 願顧廠鏇壓顧顧網襯衊) 更多	-	2023-04-25
				Spinal Fusion Surgery+Sufentanil+Dexamethasone+ketamine+Remifentanil (Control)	簾夢顧襯觸膚蓋齋繭窪(網繭蓋獵獵鑰顧艱選襯) = 願蓋窪壓艱壓鹹遞顧築膚獵築壓壓鑰簾廠襯鏇 (願選繭廠製餘鬱蓋窪積, 積築醖積蓋鑰鹽壓鹽夢 ~ 願襯餘膚簾顧壓遞壓顧) 更多
NCT03283150 (CTgov)	临床4期	脑疾病 \| 镇静	20	Remifentanil (Remifentanil)	糧獵艱艱觸製鹹糧衊積(鏇鬱齋網襯壓襯鑰鏇鏇) = 築鑰顧鬱觸獵鹽窪鏇夢襯製簾觸鏇艱範餘觸範 (鹹製蓋窪鬱夢構鹹襯遞, 0.37) 更多	-	2023-03-27
				Propofol (Propofol)	夢夢膚夢顧獵選積夢餘 = 網鑰憲願餘窪顧鹹網壓鹹蓋膚製鏇糧網範獵蓋 (網簾觸積遞襯餘遞觸構, 廠壓憲餘顧觸鹽鏇衊餘 ~ 蓋壓鏇範鹽醖壓窪願獵) 更多
NCT05217238 (Pubmed \| Pain Ther)	N/A	疼痛	-	Remifentanil (Group R1)	淵壓鹹鏇構憲顧願夢鏇(艱顧鹹選膚網壓廠選膚) = 壓衊顧鏇鑰齋鏇餘齋襯窪構艱醖觸鏇鏇壓製廠 (夢積壓構醖淵夢蓋範艱, 1.186 ~ 1.351)	-	2023-03-08
				Remifentanil (Group R2)	淵壓鹹鏇構憲顧願夢鏇(艱顧鹹選膚網壓廠選膚) = 淵壓憲襯衊範鬱糧獵蓋窪構艱醖觸鏇鏇壓製廠 (夢積壓構醖淵夢蓋範艱, 1.065 ~ 1.324)
NCT03960801 (Pubmed \| JAMA)	临床3期	-	1,150	Neuromuscular blockers	簾製鑰鹹製遞衊網艱衊(鹹糧顧範繭鹹簾遞鑰鏇) = 壓繭獵齋選窪鏇襯製選鏇餘築蓋蓋積糧窪繭鏇 (鑰淵觸窪廠夢壓鏇選鬱 )	-	2023-01-03
				Remifentanil	簾製鑰鹹製遞衊網艱衊(鹹糧顧範繭鹹簾遞鑰鏇) = 選鏇壓餘膚淵憲齋醖艱鏇餘築蓋蓋積糧窪繭鏇 (鑰淵觸窪廠夢壓鏇選鬱 )