主要目的：研究空腹和餐后状态下单次口服受试制剂阿德福韦酯片（规格：10 mg）与参比制剂阿德福韦酯片（贺维力®，规格：10 mg）在健康受试者体内的药代动力学，评价空腹和餐后状态口服两种制剂的生物等效性。次要目的：研究受试制剂阿德福韦酯片（规格：10 mg）和参比制剂阿德福韦酯片（贺维力®）（规格：10 mg）在健康受试者中的安全性。

开始日期2020-01-06

申办/合作机构

辰欣药业股份有限公司

100 项与阿德福韦酯相关的临床结果

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100 项与阿德福韦酯相关的转化医学

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100 项与阿德福韦酯相关的专利（医药）

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2,051

项与阿德福韦酯相关的文献（医药）

2025-03-24·Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by Daclatasvir and its derivatives: synthesis of computational derivatives as a new drug development

Article

作者: Mitra, Debanjan ; Abdalla, Mohnad ; Afreen, Shagufta ; Das Mohapatra, Pradeep K.

The most common cause of respiratory tract illness in newborns and young children is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). There is no approved vaccination or specific antiviral medication for RSV infections. Here, an attempt has been made to explore the potential of currently marketed drugs as well as their probable derivatives to improve the possibility of developing stronger medications against RSV. From the 100 synthetic drug compounds library, the best drug molecule was identified through drug-likeness properties, toxicity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) was also a method that was applied in this study. Daclatasvir showed the highest binding energy and appeared as the best drug to inhibit matrix protein and a fusion protein of RSV. Based on Daclatasvir, 40 computational derivatives were made. D28, D34 and D40 showed far better results than the actual drug. Changes in lipophilicity character increase the binding energy of derivatives. Molecular dynamic simulations showed their non-deviated, non-fluctuated and stable complex formation with target proteins. The high number of amino acid contacts throughout the trajectory increases the stability and effectiveness of derivatives. The key to producing a novel medicine to eradicate RSV is provided by derivatives. Daclatasvir will be employed as a potential RSV inhibitor up until that point.

2025-02-01·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Glycoconjugates of adefovir and tenofovir as asialoglycoprotein-mediated Anti-HBV prodrugs with enhanced liver targeting

Article

作者: Deng, Mingzhenlong ; He, Bin ; Zhao, Yonglong ; Wu, Yisong ; Yan, Wanli ; Zeng, Ziwei ; Chen, Lei ; Chen, Di ; Li, Yan

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health challenge, often leading to severe liver complications such as cirrhosis and cancer. Current treatments rely heavily on nucleos(t)ide analogues like adefovir and tenofovir due to their potent antiviral effects. However, their clinical utility is limited by insufficient liver targeting, leading to off-target side effects, particularly nephrotoxicity. To improve liver-specific drug delivery and reduce adverse effects, we designed novel liver-targeted prodrugs by conjugating adefovir and tenofovir with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and tris-GalNAc ligands, which have high affinity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) predominantly expressed in hepatocytes. Four prodrugs (A1, A2, T1, and T2) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity, maximum tolerated dose, anti-HBV activity, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetics, and liver-targeting properties. The prodrugs exhibited low cytotoxicity, robust anti-HBV activity, and enhanced selectivity compared to their parent drugs. Notably, the tris-GalNAc conjugates A2 and T2 demonstrated superior liver targeting, showing a threefold higher concentration in the liver compared to the kidneys, thus minimizing renal exposure. These findings suggest that GalNAc and tris-GalNAc conjugation is a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and safety of adefovir and tenofovir, with potential for further optimization as liver-targeted anti-HBV prodrugs.

2024-12-01·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Sensitive quantification of fibroblast activation protein and high-throughput screening for inhibition by FDA-approved compounds

Article

作者: Staňurová, Jana ; Šácha, Pavel ; Šimková, Adéla ; Kryštůfek, Robin ; Vaníčková, Zdislava ; Bušek, Petr ; Čermáková, Kateřina ; Wichterle, Filip ; Konvalinka, Jan

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been extensively studied as a cancer biomarker for decades. Recently, small-molecule FAP inhibitors have been widely adopted as a targeting moiety of experimental theranostic radiotracers. Here we present a fast qPCR-based analytical method allowing FAP inhibition screening in a high-throughput regime. To identify clinically relevant compounds that might interfere with FAP-targeted approaches, we focused on a library of FDA-approved drugs. Using the DNA-linked Inhibitor Antibody Assay (DIANA), we tested a library of 2667 compounds within just a few hours and identified numerous FDA-approved drugs as novel FAP inhibitors. Among these, prodrugs of cephalosporin antibiotics and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, along with one elastase inhibitor, were the most potent FAP inhibitors in our dataset. In addition, by employing FAP DIANA in the quantification mode, we were able to determine FAP concentrations in human plasma samples. Together, our work expands the repertoire of FAP inhibitors, analyzes the potential interference of co-administered drugs with FAP-targeting strategies, and presents a sensitive and low-consumption ELISA alternative for FAP quantification with a detection limit of 50 pg/ml.

项与阿德福韦酯相关的新闻（医药）

2025-04-24

·gilead.com

Gilead Sciences Announces First Quarter 2025 Financial Results

Product Sales Excluding Veklury Increased 4% Year-Over-Year to $6.3 billion Biktarvy Sales Increased 7% Year-Over-Year to $3.1 billion FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: GILD) announced today its first quarter 2025 results of operations. “Gilead had a strong start to the year driven by excellent commercial and clinical execution along with disciplined expense management,” said Daniel O’Day, Gilead’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. “Our base business grew 4% year-over-year, primarily led by Biktarvy’s continued strength, and we announced positive topline Phase 3 results for Trodelvy plus pembrolizumab in first line PD-L1+ metastatic triple negative breast cancer. With the upcoming June PDUFA date for lenacapavir for HIV prevention, and continued progress across our diverse pipeline, we look forward to building on our positive momentum throughout the year.” First Quarter 2025 Financial Results Total first quarter 2025 revenue of $6.7 billion remained flat compared to the same period in 2024, with lower Veklury® (remdesivir) and Oncology sales offset by higher HIV and Liver Disease sales. Diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) was $1.04 in the first quarter 2025 compared to $(3.34) in the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by prior year charges that did not repeat, including the impact of a $3.9 billion acquired in-process research and development ("IPR&D") expense related to the acquisition of CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc. (“CymaBay”), as well as a pre-tax IPR&D impairment of $2.4 billion related to assets acquired by Gilead from Immunomedics, Inc. (“Immunomedics”) in 2020. This increase was partially offset by higher tax expense and higher net unrealized losses on equity investments in the first quarter 2025. Non-GAAP diluted EPS was $1.81 in the first quarter 2025 compared to $(1.32) in the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by the prior year IPR&D expense related to the CymaBay acquisition. As of March 31, 2025, Gilead had $7.9 billion of cash and cash equivalents compared to $10.0 billion as of December 31, 2024. During the first quarter 2025, Gilead generated $1.8 billion in operating cash flow. During the first quarter 2025, Gilead paid dividends of $1.0 billion and repurchased $730 million of common stock. In addition, Gilead repaid $1.8 billion of Senior Notes in February 2025. First Quarter 2025 Product Sales Total first quarter 2025 product sales decreased 1% to $6.6 billion compared to the same period in 2024. Total first quarter 2025 product sales excluding Veklury increased 4% to $6.3 billion compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to higher HIV and Liver Disease sales, partially offset by lower Oncology sales. HIV product sales increased 6% to $4.6 billion in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by higher average realized price and demand. Biktarvy®(bictegravir 50mg/emtricitabine (“FTC”) 200mg/tenofovir alafenamide (“TAF”) 25mg) sales increased 7% to $3.1 billion in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by higher demand. Descovy®(FTC 200mg/TAF 25mg) sales increased 38% to $586 million in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by higher average realized price and higher demand. The Liver Disease portfolio sales increased 3% to $758 million in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. This was primarily driven by increased demand in products for primary biliary cholangitis (“PBC”), chronic hepatitis B virus (“HBV”) and chronic hepatitis delta virus (“HDV”), partially offset by lower average realized price for chronic hepatitis C virus (“HCV”) products. Veklury sales decreased 45% to $302 millionin the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by lower rates of COVID-19 related hospitalizations across regions. Cell Therapy product sales decreased 3% to $464 million in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel) sales increased 2% to $386 million in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by higher average realized price and increased rest of world demand, partially offset by lower demand in the United States. Tecartus® (brexucabtagene autoleucel) sales decreased 22% to $78 million in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily reflecting lower demand in the United States. Trodelvy® (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) sales decreased 5% to $293 million in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by inventory dynamics and lower average realized price, partially offset by higher demand. First Quarter 2025 Product Gross Margin, Operating Expenses and Effective Tax Rate Product gross margin was 76.7% in the first quarter 2025 compared to 76.6% in the same period in 2024. Non-GAAP product gross margin was 85.5% in the first quarter 2025 compared to 85.4% in the same period in 2024. Research and development (“R&D”) expenses were $1.4 billion in the first quarter 2025 compared to $1.5 billion in the same period in 2024, primarily due to lower clinical manufacturing activities and prior year CymaBay acquisition-related expenses that did not repeat. Non-GAAP R&D expenses were $1.3 billion in the first quarter 2025 compared to $1.4 billion in the same period in 2024, primarily due to lower clinical manufacturing activities. Acquired IPR&D expenses were $253 million in the first quarter 2025, primarily reflecting expenses related to the strategic partnership with LEO Pharma A/S (“LEO Pharma”) announced in January 2025. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were $1.3 billion in the first quarter 2025 compared to $1.4 billion in the same period in 2024, primarily driven by prior year CymaBay acquisition-related expenses that did not repeat as well as lower corporate expenses, partially offset by incremental selling and marketing expenses in the United States. Non-GAAP SG&A expenses were $1.2 billion in the first quarter 2025 compared to $1.3 billion in the same period in 2024. This was primarily driven by lower corporate expenses, partially offset by incremental selling and marketing expenses in the United States. The effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 20.2% in the first quarter 2025 compared to 7.0% in the same period in 2024, and the non-GAAP ETR was 16.3% in the first quarter 2025 compared to (29.8)% in the same period in 2024. These changes primarily reflect the prior year non-deductible acquired IPR&D charge related to the CymaBay acquisition, and higher tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Guidance and Outlook For the full-year, Gilead expects: (in millions, except per share amounts) April 24, 2025 Guidance Low End High End Comparison to Prior Guidance Product sales $ 28,200 $ 28,600 Unchanged Product sales excluding Veklury $ 26,800 $ 27,200 Unchanged Veklury $ 1,400 $ 1,400 Unchanged Diluted EPS $ 5.65 $ 6.05 Previously $5.95 to $6.35 Non-GAAP diluted EPS $ 7.70 $ 8.10 Unchanged Additional information and a reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial information for the 2025 guidance is provided in the accompanying tables. The financial guidance is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. See the Forward-Looking Statements section below. Key Updates Since Our Last Quarterly Release Virology Announced FDA accepted New Drug Application submissions for twice-yearly lenacapavir for HIV prevention under priority review, with a PDUFA date of June 19, 2025. Announced the European Medicines Agency validated the Marketing Authorization Application and EU-Medicines for All application for twice-yearly lenacapavir for HIV prevention, which will undergo parallel reviews under an Accelerated Assessment timeline. Presented initial Phase 1 data evaluating investigational once-yearly lenacapavir for HIV prevention at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (“CROI”), and announced plans to launch a Phase 3 study in the second half of 2025. Presented HIV treatment research data at CROI, including long-term outcomes evaluating the use of Biktarvy in people with HIV/HBV coinfection and the primary results of a Phase 2 study evaluating the investigational combination regimen of lenacapavir and broadly neutralizing antibodies teropavimab and zinlirvimab. Oncology Announced Trodelvy plus Keytruda® (pembrolizumab) demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression free survival in patients with previously untreated PD-L1+ unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in the Phase 3 ASCENT-04 trial. The use of Trodelvy plus Keytruda is investigational in this setting. Inflammation Received conditional marketing authorization from the European Commission for seladelpar for the treatment of PBC in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (“UDCA”) in adults who have an inadequate response to UDCA alone, or as monotherapy in those unable to tolerate UDCA. Corporate The Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.79 per share of common stock for the second quarter of 2025. The dividend is payable on June 27, 2025, to stockholders of record at the close of business on June 13, 2025. Future dividends will be subject to Board approval. Certain amounts and percentages in this press release may not sum or recalculate due to rounding. Conference Call At 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time today, Gilead will host a conference call to discuss Gilead’s results. A live webcast will be available on http://investors.gilead.com and will be archived on www.gilead.com for one year. Non-GAAP Financial Information The information presented in this document has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), unless otherwise noted as non-GAAP. Management believes non-GAAP information is useful for investors, when considered in conjunction with Gilead’s GAAP financial information, because management uses such information internally for its operating, budgeting and financial planning purposes. Non-GAAP information is not prepared under a comprehensive set of accounting rules and should only be used to supplement an understanding of Gilead’s operating results as reported under GAAP. Non-GAAP financial information generally excludes acquisition-related expenses including amortization of acquired intangible assets and other items that are considered unusual or not representative of underlying trends of Gilead’s business, fair value adjustments of equity securities and discrete and related tax charges or benefits associated with such exclusions as well as changes in tax-related laws and guidelines, transfers of intangible assets between certain legal entities, and legal entity restructurings. Although Gilead consistently excludes the amortization of acquired intangible assets from the non-GAAP financial information, management believes that it is important for investors to understand that such intangible assets were recorded as part of acquisitions and contribute to ongoing revenue generation.Non-GAAP measures may be defined and calculated differently by other companies in the same industry. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are provided in the accompanying tables. About Gilead Sciences Gilead Sciences, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that has pursued and achieved breakthroughs in medicine for more than three decades, with the goal of creating a healthier world for all people. The company is committed to advancing innovative medicines to prevent and treat life-threatening diseases, including HIV, viral hepatitis, COVID-19, cancer and inflammation. Gilead operates in more than 35 countries worldwide, with headquarters in Foster City, California. Forward-Looking Statements Statements included in this press release that are not historical in nature are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Gilead cautions readers that forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. These risks and uncertainties include those relating to: Gilead’s ability to achieve its full year 2025 financial guidance, including as a result of the uncertainty of the amount and timing of Veklury revenues, the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act, changes in U.S. regulatory or legislative policies, and changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs; Gilead’s ability to make progress on any of its long-term ambitions or priorities laid out in its corporate strategy; Gilead’s ability to accelerate or sustain revenues for its virology, oncology and other programs; Gilead’s ability to realize the potential benefits of acquisitions, collaborations or licensing arrangements, including the acquisitions of CymaBay and Immunomedics, and the arrangement with LEO Pharma; patent protection and estimated loss of exclusivity for our products and product candidates; Gilead’s ability to initiate, progress or complete clinical trials within currently anticipated timeframes or at all, the possibility of unfavorable results from ongoing and additional clinical trials, including those involving Biktarvy, Trodelvy, lenacapavir, teropavimab and zinlirvimab, and the risk that safety and efficacy data from clinical trials may not warrant further development of Gilead’s product candidates or the product candidates of Gilead’s strategic partners; Gilead’s ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates or expanded indications in the currently anticipated timelines, including for lenacapavir for HIV PrEP; Gilead’s ability to receive or maintain regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, including for lenacapavir for PrEP, and the risk that any such approvals, if granted, may be subject to significant limitations on use and may be subject to withdrawal or other adverse actions by the applicable regulatory authority; Gilead’s ability to successfully commercialize its products; the risk of potential disruptions to the manufacturing and supply chain of Gilead’s products; pricing and reimbursement pressures from government agencies and other third parties, including required rebates and other discounts; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Gilead products; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of Gilead’s products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products, including Livdelzi/Lyvdelzi; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead’s reports filed with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. In addition, Gilead makes estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures. Gilead bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market specific and other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. There may be other factors of which Gilead is not currently aware that may affect matters discussed in the forward-looking statements and may also cause actual results to differ significantly from these estimates. Further, results for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of operating results for any future periods. Gilead directs readers to its press releases, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other subsequent disclosure documents filed with the SEC. Gilead claims the protection of the Safe Harbor contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and is cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead and Gilead assumes no obligation to update or supplement any such forward-looking statements other than as required by law. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof or as of the dates indicated in the statements. Additional information is available on our Investor Relations website, https://investors.gilead.com. Among other things, an estimate of Acquired IPR&D expenses is expected to be made available on the Quarterly Results page within the first ten (10) days after the end of each quarter. Gilead owns or has rights to various trademarks, copyrights and trade names used in its business, including the following: GILEAD®, GILEAD SCIENCES®, KITE™, AMBISOME®, ATRIPLA®, BIKTARVY®, CAYSTON®, COMPLERA®, DESCOVY®, DESCOVY FOR PREP®, EMTRIVA®, EPCLUSA®, EVIPLERA®, GENVOYA®, HARVONI®, HEPCLUDEX®, HEPSERA®, JYSELECA®, LIVDELZI®/LYVDELZI®, LETAIRIS®, ODEFSEY®, SOVALDI®, STRIBILD®, SUNLENCA® , TECARTUS®, TRODELVY®, TRUVADA®, TRUVADA FOR PREP®, TYBOST®, VEKLURY®, VEMLIDY®, VIREAD®, VOSEVI®, YESCARTA® and ZYDELIG®. For more information on Gilead Sciences, Inc., please visit www.gilead.com or call the Gilead Public Affairs Department at 1-800-GILEAD-5 (1-800-445-3235). GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions, except per share amounts) 2025 2024 Revenues: Product sales $ 6,613 $ 6,647 Royalty, contract and other revenues 54 39 Total revenues 6,667 6,686 Costs and expenses: Cost of goods sold 1,540 1,552 Research and development expenses 1,379 1,520 Acquired in-process research and development expenses 253 4,131 In-process research and development impairments — 2,430 Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,258 1,375 Total costs and expenses 4,430 11,008 Operating income (loss) 2,237 (4,322 ) Interest expense 260 254 Other (income) expense, net 328 (91 ) Income (loss) before income taxes 1,649 (4,486 ) Income tax expense (benefit) 334 (315 ) Net income (loss) 1,315 (4,170 ) Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest — — Net income (loss) attributable to Gilead $ 1,315 $ (4,170 ) Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Gilead $ 1.06 $ (3.34 ) Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Gilead $ 1.04 $ (3.34 ) Shares used in basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Gilead calculation 1,246 1,247 Shares used in diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Gilead calculation 1,259 1,247 Supplemental Information: Cash dividends declared per share $ 0.79 $ 0.77 Product gross margin 76.7 % 76.6 % Research and development expenses as a % of revenues 20.7 % 22.7 % Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues 18.9 % 20.6 % Operating margin 33.6 % (64.6 )% Effective tax rate 20.2 % 7.0 % GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. TOTAL REVENUE SUMMARY (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions, except percentages) 2025 2024 Change Product sales: HIV $ 4,587 $ 4,342 6% Liver Disease 758 737 3% Oncology 757 789 (4)% Other 209 224 (7)% Total product sales excluding Veklury 6,311 6,092 4% Veklury 302 555 (45)% Total product sales 6,613 6,647 (1)% Royalty, contract and other revenues 54 39 37% Total revenues $ 6,667 $ 6,686 —% GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION(1) (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions, except percentages) 2025 2024 Change Non-GAAP: Cost of goods sold $ 961 $ 974 (1)% Research and development expenses $ 1,338 $ 1,403 (5)% Acquired IPR&D expenses(2) $ 253 $ 4,131 (94)% Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,222 $ 1,295 (6)% Other (income) expense, net $ (98 ) $ (104 ) (6)% Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Gilead $ 1.81 $ (1.32 ) NM Shares used in non-GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Gilead calculation 1,259 1,247 1% Product gross margin 85.5 % 85.4 % 12 bps Research and development expenses as a % of revenues 20.1 % 21.0 % -91 bps Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues 18.3 % 19.4 % -104 bps Operating margin 43.4 % (16.7 )% NM Effective tax rate 16.3 % (29.8 )% NM (1) Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Information section above for further disclosures on non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial information is provided in the tables below. (2) Equal to GAAP financial information. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts) 2025 2024 Cost of goods sold reconciliation: GAAP cost of goods sold $ 1,540 $ 1,552 Acquisition-related – amortization(1) (579 ) (579 ) Non-GAAP cost of goods sold $ 961 $ 974 Product gross margin reconciliation: GAAP product gross margin 76.7 % 76.6 % Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 8.8 % 8.7 % Non-GAAP product gross margin 85.5 % 85.4 % Research and development expenses reconciliation: GAAP research and development expenses $ 1,379 $ 1,520 Acquisition-related – other costs(2) (2 ) (66 ) Restructuring (38 ) (50 ) Non-GAAP research and development expenses $ 1,338 $ 1,403 IPR&D impairment reconciliation: GAAP IPR&D impairment $ — $ 2,430 IPR&D impairment — (2,430 ) Non-GAAP IPR&D impairment $ — $ — Selling, general and administrative expenses reconciliation: GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,258 $ 1,375 Acquisition-related – other costs(2) — (67 ) Restructuring (36 ) (13 ) Non-GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,222 $ 1,295 Operating income (loss) reconciliation: GAAP operating income (loss) $ 2,237 $ (4,322 ) Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 579 579 Acquisition-related – other costs(2) 2 133 Restructuring 74 63 IPR&D impairment — 2,430 Non-GAAP operating income (loss) $ 2,893 $ (1,117 ) Operating margin reconciliation: GAAP operating margin 33.6 % (64.6 )% Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 8.7 % 8.7 % Acquisition-related – other costs(2) — % 2.0 % Restructuring 1.1 % 0.9 % IPR&D impairment — % 36.3 % Non-GAAP operating margin 43.4 % (16.7 )% Other (income) expense, net reconciliation: GAAP other (income) expense, net $ 328 $ (91 ) Loss from equity securities, net (426 ) (14 ) Non-GAAP other (income) expense, net $ (98 ) $ (104 ) Income (loss) before income taxes reconciliation: GAAP income (loss) before income taxes $ 1,649 $ (4,486 ) Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 579 579 Acquisition-related – other costs(2) 2 133 Restructuring 74 63 IPR&D impairment — 2,430 Loss from equity securities, net 426 14 Non-GAAP income (loss) before income taxes $ 2,731 $ (1,267 ) GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION - (Continued) (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts) 2025 2024 Income tax expense (benefit) reconciliation: GAAP income tax expense (benefit) $ 334 $ (315 ) Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments: Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 120 121 Acquisition-related – other costs(2) — 30 Restructuring 14 10 IPR&D impairment — 611 Loss (gain) from equity securities, net 20 (39 ) Discrete and related tax charges(3) (42 ) (39 ) Non-GAAP income tax expense $ 446 $ 379 Effective tax rate reconciliation: GAAP effective tax rate 20.2 % 7.0 % Income tax effect of above non-GAAP adjustments and discrete and related tax adjustments(3) (3.9 )% (36.8 )% Non-GAAP effective tax rate 16.3 % (29.8 )% Net income (loss) attributable to Gilead reconciliation: GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Gilead $ 1,315 $ (4,170 ) Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 459 458 Acquisition-related – other costs(2) 2 103 Restructuring 61 54 IPR&D impairment — 1,819 Loss from equity securities, net 406 53 Discrete and related tax charges(3) 42 39 Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Gilead $ 2,285 $ (1,644 ) Diluted earnings (loss) per share reconciliation: GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 1.04 $ (3.34 ) Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 0.36 0.37 Acquisition-related – other costs(2) — 0.08 Restructuring 0.05 0.04 IPR&D impairment — 1.46 Loss from equity securities, net 0.32 0.04 Discrete and related tax charges(3) 0.03 0.03 Non-GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 1.81 $ (1.32 ) Non-GAAP adjustment summary: Cost of goods sold adjustments $ 579 $ 579 Research and development expenses adjustments 40 117 IPR&D impairment adjustments — 2,430 Selling, general and administrative expenses adjustments 36 80 Total non-GAAP adjustments to costs and expenses 656 3,205 Other (income) expense, net, adjustments 426 14 Total non-GAAP adjustments before income taxes 1,082 3,219 Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments above (154 ) (732 ) Discrete and related tax charges(3) 42 39 Total non-GAAP adjustments to net income attributable to Gilead $ 970 $ 2,526 (1) Relates to amortization of acquired intangibles. (2) Adjustments include integration expenses and contingent consideration fair value adjustments associated with Gilead’s recent acquisitions. (3) Represents discrete and related deferred tax charges or benefits primarily associated with acquired intangible assets and transfers of intangible assets from a foreign subsidiary to Ireland and the United States. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP 2025 FULL-YEAR GUIDANCE(1) (unaudited) (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts) Provided February 11, 2025 Updated April 24, 2025 Projected product gross margin GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected product gross margin 77.0% - 78.0% 77.0% - 78.0% Acquisition-related expenses ~ 8.0% ~ 8.0% Non-GAAP projected product gross margin 85.0% - 86.0% 85.0% - 86.0% Projected operating income GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected operating income $10,200 - $10,700 $10,200 - $10,700 Acquisition-related and restructuring expenses ~ 2,500 ~ 2,500 Non-GAAP projected operating income $12,700 - $13,200 $12,700 - $13,200 Projected effective tax rate GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected effective tax rate ~ 20% ~ 21% Income tax effect of above non-GAAP adjustments and fair value adjustments of equity securities, and discrete and related tax adjustments (~ 1%) (~ 2%) Non-GAAP projected effective tax rate ~ 19% ~ 19% Projected diluted EPS GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected diluted EPS $5.95 - $6.35 $5.65 - $6.05 Acquisition-related and restructuring expenses, fair value adjustments of equity securities and discrete and related tax adjustments ~ 1.75 ~ 2.05 Non-GAAP projected diluted EPS $7.70 - $8.10 $7.70 - $8.10 (1) Our full-year guidance excludes the potential impact of any (i) acquisitions or business development transactions that have not been executed, (ii) future fair value adjustments of equity securities and (iii) discrete tax charges or benefits associated with changes in tax related laws and guidelines that have not been enacted, as Gilead is unable to project such amounts. The non-GAAP full-year guidance includes non-GAAP adjustments to actual current period results as well as adjustments for the known future impact associated with events that have already occurred, such as future amortization of our intangible assets and the future impact of discrete and related deferred tax charges or benefits primarily associated with acquired intangible assets and in-process research and development, transfers of intangible assets from a foreign subsidiary to Ireland and the United States, and legal entity restructurings. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) March 31, December 31, (in millions) 2025 2024 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,926 $ 9,991 Accounts receivable, net 4,388 4,420 Inventories 3,778 3,589 Property, plant and equipment, net 5,421 5,414 Intangible assets, net 19,355 19,948 Goodwill 8,314 8,314 Other assets 7,253 7,319 Total assets $ 56,434 $ 58,995 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current liabilities $ 12,344 $ 12,004 Long-term liabilities 25,012 27,744 Stockholders’ equity(1) 19,078 19,246 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 56,434 $ 58,995 (1) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 1,245 and 1,246 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. SELECTED CASH FLOW INFORMATION (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions) 2025 2024 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,757 $ 2,219 Net cash used in investing activities (415 ) (2,207 ) Net cash used in financing activities (3,426 ) (1,361 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 19 (18 ) Net change in cash and cash equivalents (2,065 ) (1,367 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 9,991 6,085 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 7,926 $ 4,718 Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions) 2025 2024 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,757 $ 2,219 Purchases of property, plant and equipment (104 ) (105 ) Free cash flow(1) $ 1,653 $ 2,114 (1) Free cash flow is a non-GAAP liquidity measure. Please refer to our disclosures in the Non-GAAP Financial Information section above. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. PRODUCT SALES SUMMARY (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions) 2025 2024 HIV Biktarvy – U.S. $ 2,474 $ 2,315 Biktarvy – Europe 375 365 Biktarvy – Rest of World 301 265 3,150 2,946 Descovy – U.S. 538 371 Descovy – Europe 21 26 Descovy – Rest of World 27 29 586 426 Genvoya – U.S. 305 332 Genvoya – Europe 40 49 Genvoya – Rest of World 19 21 364 403 Odefsey – U.S. 215 223 Odefsey – Europe 57 76 Odefsey – Rest of World 10 11 281 310 Symtuza - Revenue share(1) – U.S. 82 104 Symtuza - Revenue share(1) – Europe 29 33 Symtuza - Revenue share(1) – Rest of World 3 3 114 141 Other HIV(2) – U.S. 50 60 Other HIV(2) – Europe 31 45 Other HIV(2) – Rest of World 10 12 91 117 Total HIV – U.S. 3,664 3,405 Total HIV – Europe 553 596 Total HIV – Rest of World 370 342 4,587 4,342 Liver Disease Sofosbuvir / Velpatasvir(3) – U.S. 166 248 Sofosbuvir / Velpatasvir(3) – Europe 80 79 Sofosbuvir / Velpatasvir(3) – Rest of World 99 78 346 405 Vemlidy – U.S. 100 95 Vemlidy – Europe 12 11 Vemlidy – Rest of World 140 119 252 225 Other Liver Disease(4) – U.S. 68 42 Other Liver Disease(4) – Europe 76 47 Other Liver Disease(4) – Rest of World 17 19 161 107 Total Liver Disease – U.S. 335 385 Total Liver Disease – Europe 168 137 Total Liver Disease – Rest of World 256 215 758 737 Veklury Veklury – U.S. 199 315 Veklury – Europe 22 70 Veklury – Rest of World 82 169 302 555 GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. PRODUCT SALES SUMMARY - (Continued) (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in millions) 2025 2024 Oncology Cell Therapy Tecartus – U.S. 40 55 Tecartus – Europe 31 36 Tecartus – Rest of World 8 8 78 100 Yescarta – U.S. 160 170 Yescarta – Europe 149 158 Yescarta – Rest of World 77 52 386 380 Total Cell Therapy – U.S. 200 225 Total Cell Therapy – Europe 180 195 Total Cell Therapy – Rest of World 84 60 464 480 Trodelvy Trodelvy – U.S. 181 206 Trodelvy – Europe 75 68 Trodelvy – Rest of World 37 36 293 309 Total Oncology – U.S. 381 431 Total Oncology – Europe 255 262 Total Oncology – Rest of World 121 96 757 789 Other AmBisome – U.S. 5 14 AmBisome – Europe 67 70 AmBisome – Rest of World 66 60 139 144 Other(5) – U.S. 47 59 Other(5) – Europe 9 9 Other(5) – Rest of World 14 12 70 80 Total Other – U.S. 52 73 Total Other – Europe 76 79 Total Other – Rest of World 81 71 209 224 Total product sales – U.S. 4,631 4,609 Total product sales – Europe 1,073 1,144 Total product sales – Rest of World 909 894 $ 6,613 $ 6,647 (1) Represents Gilead’s revenue from cobicistat (“C”), FTC and TAF in Symtuza (darunavir/C/FTC/TAF), a fixed dose combination product commercialized by Janssen Sciences Ireland Unlimited Company. (2) Includes Atripla, Complera/Eviplera, Emtriva, Sunlenca, Stribild, Truvada and Tybost. (3) Includes Epclusa and the authorized generic version of Epclusa sold by Gilead’s separate subsidiary, Asegua Therapeutics LLC (“Asegua”). (4) Includes ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni and the authorized generic version of Harvoni sold by Asegua), Hepcludex, Hepsera, Livdelzi/Lyvdelzi, Sovaldi, Viread and Vosevi. (5) Includes Cayston, Jyseleca, Letairis and Zydelig. Investors: Jacquie Ross, CFA investor_relations@gilead.com Media: Ashleigh Koss public_affairs@gilead.com

临床结果临床3期财报临床2期上市批准

2025-03-31

·药智网

创新药丛生，乙肝百年“根治”愿景有望实现

2013年，索非布韦获得美国食品与药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，在美国上市，该药显示了强大的疗效，对丙肝的治愈率达到 95% 左右。2025年，CROI会议上，RIO和FRESH两项研究公布了关于bnAb在HIV治疗中的重要成果，为HIV功能性治愈带来新曙光。同是令人谈之色变的病毒疾病，随着新药研究的深入，HCV与HIV均已迎来治愈曙光，而更常见的乙型肝炎（HBV）的新药研究却还处于怎样的阶段？乙肝：病毒领域致病机制最复杂的疾病原则上来讲，病毒领域致病机制最负责的疾病，既不是RSV也不是HIV，反而是更常见的乙肝，从最初发现至今的60余年里仍难以治愈，甚至其新药研究的推进也相对困难，这是为何？这主要是因为，乙肝病毒双链DNA能在细胞核中形成cccDNA，除了在常规“中心原则”下可以顺势转录为RNA、形成病毒蛋白，还能通过前体RNA“逆转录”形成双链DNA，最后双链DNA与病毒蛋白再次组成新的病毒颗粒，开始新一轮的感染，这就导致病毒源源不断，最终让免疫细胞疲于应付，压制免疫系统，使得人体难以形成有效的抗体。乙肝作为一种严重威胁人类公共健康的疾病，全球约有3亿人携带乙肝病毒，中国作为乙肝高发区，乙肝患者基数庞大。长期的乙肝病毒感染不仅会导致慢性肝炎，还可能进一步发展为肝硬化和肝癌，给患者的健康和生活带来沉重负担。图片来源：盖德视界而对于乙肝的治疗，根据体内HBeAg情况，可分为未治疗阶段、病毒抑制阶段、功能性治愈阶段、完全治愈阶段阶段，而以目前的医疗环境，则多处于第二、第三阶段之间，如恩替卡韦、替诺福韦等药物虽能有效控制病情，但一方面需要患者终身用药，另一方面其也难以彻底清除肝细胞内的病毒“储备库”。因此，研发一种能够实现乙肝功能性治愈的药物，成为全球医药领域的重要目标。乙肝治疗的百年历程纵观乙肝治疗的百年历史，从1963年巴鲁克-布隆伯格（Baruch S. Blumberg）和他的同事们在澳大利亚土著人血清中发现了“澳抗（乙肝表面抗原）”，乙肝的神秘面纱开始被揭开，之后历经数年，乙肝病病毒的结构才最终被人类完全破解。但尽管病毒研究顺利，临床上药物来得却比较晚，直至上世纪90年代真正意义上的临床治疗才算开始，并在之后30余年里迅速发展，其整体可分为四个主要阶段，即短效干扰素时代、核苷酸类似物时代、联用时代与新型抗病毒时代。数据来源：公开数据整理（点击查看大图）阶段一：短效干扰素时代1990年，第一款用来治疗乙型肝炎的药物诞生，先灵葆雅的干扰素α被美国FDA正式批准用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎，是乙肝治疗的一个重要里程碑。干扰素α不仅具有一定的抗病毒作用，且由于具备免疫调节剂特性，导致其抗病毒的同时还能提高患者免疫调节能力，增加NK细胞的杀伤力，具有双重抗病毒机制，并且还具备减轻肝纤维化、降低肝硬化和肝癌的发生率等诸多正向作用。但同时，干扰素也并非完美，其在治疗乙肝方面也同样存在较大的局限性，比如：抗病毒效果弱：对于乙肝病毒载量较高的患者，干扰素α的抗病毒效果较差，难以有效抑制病毒复制。患者顺应性不佳：干扰素α需要注射给药，且由于早期短效制剂特点，往往需要更频繁的注射给药，同时药品还需冷冻保存，极大地增加了患者的使用难度和不便。副作用明显：干扰素α伴随较大的副作用，如肝功能损害、甲状腺功能异常、流感样症状、骨髓抑制等。适用范围受限：干扰素α不适用于失代偿肝病患者（如肝硬化、伴有黄疸的慢性乙型肝炎患者）以及有甲状腺疾病或精神疾病史的患者‌。其中，副作用与频繁注射最令乙肝患者所不能接受，也是导致欧美接受干扰素治疗的患者比例不超过10%的主要原因。为此，开发一款副作用低或能够口服的乙肝抗病毒新药成为彼时最主要的临床需求。阶段二：核苷酸类似物时代1998年，GSK研发出了第一款“口服”抗病毒药物—拉米夫定，这也是历史第一款用于乙肝治疗的核苷酸类似物疗法。图片来源：贝杰医药其治疗上贯彻“病毒欺骗”概念，即通过对脱氧核糖核酸聚合酶产生竞争性抑制，抑制有逆转录活性的乙型肝炎病毒DNA聚合酶，干扰乙型肝炎病毒DNA的合成，从而实现阻止乙型肝炎病毒复制的目的。在其临床数据中，短期治疗阶段（4-12周），即可显著降低血清HBV DNA水平，部分患者达到病毒学应答（VR）‌，而长期治疗（1～5年）则可进一步提高HBeAg血清学转换率，分别为16%（1年）、17%（2年）、23%（3年）、28%（4年）和35%（5年）‌，且副作用与不良反应发生率在可接受范围内。因此拉米夫定一经上市，其“口服特性”就直接导致其卖爆，也因此成功挽救了无数乙肝患者的生命，减少了肝硬化、肝癌的发生率。不过，也正是由于核苷酸类似物的治疗理念是“欺骗病毒”，因此其只能缓解症状、延缓病情，却注定无法根治乙肝。通常情况下患者需要终生服药。但随着用药时间的逐渐拉长，拉米夫定最大的问题开始出现，即病毒对药物的敏感性降低，俗称耐药。这对于患者而言无疑于毁灭性打击，因为乙肝治疗一旦耐药也就意味着病毒的迅速反扑，一切也就回到了原点。因此，在该阶段之下，如何应对乙肝药物耐药成为最主要思想，方法也很简单，即一方面积极开发全新种类的核苷酸类似物药物，另一方面则想方设法延缓抗病毒疗法的耐药进展。阶段三：药物联用时代随着拉米夫定的耐药患者越来越多，越来越多全新类型的核苷酸类似物疗法因此诞生：2002年，阿德福韦酯（ADV）问世，其与拉米夫定不发生交叉耐药，因此其成为“拉米夫定”耐药后的最佳替代者，为拉米夫定分担了巨大的压力，但其部分患者出现肾性低血磷性骨软化症或低磷血症等副作用，也限制了其发展。2005年，恩替卡韦（ETV）问世，其在抗病毒效果、耐药性和不良反应这些方面均优于前两代产品，很大程度上缓解了核苷类药物耐药后无药可医的窘境（治疗5年的累计耐药发生率为1.2%），但缺点在于，其不适宜妊娠期妇女，所以恩替卡韦仍不够完美。2006年，替比夫定（LDT）上市，虽其抗病毒、耐药性，不良反应等虽均不及恩替卡韦，但其却具备两大核心优势，一者是对胎儿安全，可以用于孕妇的抗病毒治疗；二者是有利于肾功能恢复，可应用于伴有肾脏问题的乙肝患者。2008年，替诺福韦酯（TDF）在欧美上市，其在前几代核苷类药物基础上，具有强效抑制病毒复制的作用，耐药发生率低。采用替诺福韦长期治疗还能显著改善肝脏组织学，降低HCC发生率，然而，替诺福韦具有一定肾毒性，长期使用会产生轻微肾损伤和降低骨密度风险。2016年，丙酚替诺福韦（TAF）上市，除去强效抑制病毒复制、耐药率极低优点外，还避免了肾损害，具有更好的骨骼安全性，降低了患骨质疏松症的风险。2021年，艾米替诺福韦（TMF）上市，是我国自主研发的第一款抗乙肝病毒核苷（酸）类药物，艾米替诺福韦通过创新的ProTide（磷酰胺酯化前药）技术，实现了替诺福韦（TFV）向肝细胞的靶向输送，在提高肝细胞内活性代谢物TFV-DP浓度的同时，大幅降低血浆中TFV的暴露量，从而在高效抑制HBV复制的同时，降低了长期使用的安全性风险。当然，随着不同类型的药物逐渐上市，下一步就需要思考如何延缓患者耐药进程，也是这个阶段，药物联用逐渐成为了主流。据研究人员发现，经过核苷和聚乙二醇干扰素α联合治疗的患者，不仅会出现HBsAg的清除，核苷经治优势患者加用聚乙二醇干扰素临床治愈率可达30%～80%，而且耐药性也得到有效缓解。因此，核苷酸类似物+核苷酸类似物、核苷酸类似物+干扰素的治疗逐渐成为彼时乙肝治疗的主要策略，尤其是后者。而药物联用阶段的开始，也标志着临床上要求的“临床治愈”概念有了落实之处，也为后续的创新研究指明了最终方向。阶段四：创新疗法时代2020年之后，乙肝抗病毒的治疗与新药研究手段爆发，除核苷类似物与长效干扰素之外，一系列新型潜在抗病毒创新疗法开始进入临床。截止目前，粗略估计全球在研乙肝新药已超200款，其中绝大部分创新疗法均处于临床前期阶段，临床I期或临床前研究阶段的管线占比66.4%；临床Ⅱ期管线占比31.5%；临床Ⅲ期管线仅2.1%。数据来源：公开数据整理从根据不同乙肝新药的研发策略，临床上的新药在研也分为了两大类，即“靶向HBV生命周期的直接抗病毒药物”与“靶向宿主免疫系统的间接抗病毒药物”。前者包括衣壳抑制剂、进入抑制剂、RNA干扰（siRNA）、反义寡核苷酸（ASO）等；后者包括治疗性疫苗、单克隆抗体、凋亡诱导剂、先天免疫激活剂、PD-1抑制剂与T细胞免疫调节剂等。数据来源：药智数据、公开数据整理（点击查看大图）从新药数量上看，由于直接抗病毒药物对病毒抑制作用更直接、症状缓解作用更大，故其在新药数量上占主要地位（44.6%），而细分新药类型上，直接抗病毒疗法中新药数量从高到底依次是衣壳抑制剂、siRNA、进入抑制剂、HBsAg抑制剂、ASO与基因疗法。部分乙肝创新疗法数据对比分类聚乙二醇干扰素α+核苷衣壳抑制剂（AB-729）HBsAg抑制剂（REP2139/REP2165）ASO（GSK836）siRNAVIR-2218临床方案临床方案联用核苷+干扰素联用核苷+干扰素联用Peg-IFN联用干扰素优势患者群体HBsAg低水平HBsAg高水平HBsAg高水平HBsAg低水平HBsAg低水平HBsAg清除率40.98%（48周）35%（48周）40%（48周）35%（24周）30%~40%（24周）HBV DNA的抑制情况无优势显著无优势显著显著耐药性应对弱良良优优注：非头对头对比，入组患者群体、临床时间、HBsAg基线等有所不同，仅作为参考数据来源：公开数据整理在临床优势上，由于各种疗法间的优势目标存在较大差距，比如HBsAg抑制剂联用核苷与干扰素情况下，对于耐药与HBsAg高水平患者的有效性更高，而ASO与siRNA除了可观的HBsAg清除能力外，对HBV-DNA水平降低能力却更强，因此，原则上并不能说ASO、siRNA能完全替代传统疗法，多数只能是选择性替代或直接联用。1. 衣壳抑制剂衣壳抑制剂是近年来乙肝治疗领域的一个重要研究方向，目前全球范围内尚无任何一款衣壳抑制剂获批治疗乙肝。其机制上是通过诱导核心蛋白的异构变化来抑制HBV衣壳，从而导致非感染性病毒颗粒（空核衣壳）形成，继而无法完成后续的逆转录和复制环节，同时其还可以增强核心蛋白二聚体结合力，干扰病毒在肝细胞核的脱壳过程，可以从源头阻断共价闭合环状DNA（cccDNA）的形成。某种层面可以将其简单地看作核苷类药物的补充版，其在降低病毒DNA的同时，还能降低RNA。但同时，衣壳抑制剂也同样存在明显的局限性，比如无法有效清除共价闭合环状DNA（cccDNA）、耐药性问题仍在、HBV（DNA/RNA）减少效果有限等，因此其从原理上无法实现乙肝的完全治愈、只能作为联合疗法的一部分使用。数据显示，全球已有近50款用于乙肝治疗的衣壳抑制剂在研（另一集中适应症为HIV）。其中临床阶段最靠前的为东阳光药业的甲磺酸莫非赛定，目前已进入临床Ⅲ期；其次是8款处于临床Ⅱ期的创新疗法，如广生堂的奈瑞可韦、正大天晴的TQA-3605、Novira的AL-3778等；之后则是18款处于临床I期的管线，包括科伦博泰的KL-060332、西安新通的XT-1061、维申医药的VD-1219、恒瑞医药的HRS5091等。全球最高阶段药品名称原研单位管线状态临床III期甲磺酸莫非赛定 Morphothiadine Mesylate广东东阳光药业股份有限公司临床III期临床Ⅱ期奈瑞可韦 Neracorvir上海药明康德新药开发有限公司;福建广生堂药业股份有限公司活跃TQA-3605正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司活跃HEC-121120广东东阳光药业股份有限公司临床III期ABI-H2158Assembly Biosciences Inc百济神州（合作单位）临床III期JNJ-56136379（突破性治疗）强生创新制药临床III期AL-3778Novira Therapeutics Inc活跃乌赞色替 VebicorvirAssembly Biosciences Inc百济神州（合作单位）临床III期canocapavir-ZM-H1505R（突破性治疗）上海挚盟医药科技有限公司活跃临床Ⅰ期KL-060332四川科伦博泰生物医药股份有限公司临床III期福瑞赛定 Freethiadine广东东阳光药业股份有限公司活跃XT-1061西安新通药物研究股份有限公司活跃VD-1219维申医药科技（上海）有限公司活跃XTYW-001西安新通药物研究股份有限公司活跃ABI-4334Assembly Biosciences Inc吉利德科学（合作单位）活跃LW-231上海长森药业有限公司活跃VNRX-9945Venatorx Pharmaceuticals Inc临床III期AB-836Arbutus Biopharma Corp活跃ALG-000184Aligos Therapeutics Inc活跃HRS5091江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司临床III期ABI-H3733Assembly Biosciences Inc百济神州（合作单位）活跃EDP-514Enanta Pharmaceuticals Inc临床III期AB-506（终止）Arbutus Biopharma Corp临床III期AB-423Arbutus Biopharma Corp临床III期JNJ-440Alios BioPharma Inc临床III期QL-007齐鲁制药有限公司临床III期RO6889678罗氏临床III期数据来源：药智数据2. 进入抑制剂所谓进入抑制剂，又称为NTCP抑制剂，其主要是通过抑制乙肝病毒进入肝细胞来阻止病毒的复制和传播。这种抑制剂通常通过与乙肝病毒的包膜蛋白结合，阻止病毒与肝细胞表面的受体结合，从而抑制病毒感染细胞。在临床上，乙肝进入抑制剂的开发已取得一定进展。例如，myrcludex b是一种人工合成的多肽，由乙肝病毒的pre S1蛋白的2-48残基组成，它可以与钠离子牛磺胆酸共转运蛋白（NTCP）竞争性结合，从而抑制HBV进入细胞。总体来讲，进入抑制剂在乙肝治疗中具有以下优势：源头阻断病毒复制‌：通过阻止病毒进入肝细胞，从源头抑制病毒复制，减少病毒载量‌。联合治疗潜力‌：与现有抗病毒药物（如核苷类似物）联合使用，可增强治疗效果，降低耐药风险‌。针对合并感染‌：对乙肝合并丁肝感染患者具有显著疗效，填补了现有治疗手段的空白‌。乙肝进入抑制剂的开发和研究为乙肝治疗提供了新的思路和方法，有助于减少病毒对人体的侵害，但目前这类药物仍在研究和开发阶段，尚未广泛应用于临床。药品名称药品类别靶点原研单位全球最高阶段管线状态布乐韦肽 Bulevirtide生物制品;脂肽NTCPMYR GmbH批准上市（丙肝）注册申请：乙肝活跃Hepalatide化药;蛋白/多肽NTCP上海贺普药业股份有限公司临床Ⅱ期活跃布雷利单抗 Burfiralimab单抗VimentinImmuneMed Inc临床Ⅱ期活跃A-2342化药NTCPAlbireo AB;益普生临床Ⅰ期活跃HH-1270暂无NTCP华辉安健（北京）生物科技有限公司临床前活跃OT-1301多肽CYP;NTCP欧康维视生物医药（香港）有限公司临床前活跃SCY995化药NTCPSCYNEXIS Inc临床前活跃SCY450化药NTCPSCYNEXIS Inc临床前活跃N6HB426-20单抗NTCPRiken Corp临床前活跃SCY446化药NTCPSCYNEXIS Inc临床前活跃数据来源：药智数据当让，无论是新药数量还是研发热度，进入抑制剂都远逊于衣壳抑制剂与miRNA等热门方向，全球仅有10余款管线布局，且进入临床阶段的产品极少，其中MYR GmbH（吉利德收购）的Bulevirtide在丙肝适应症获批上市的前提下，其乙肝适应症也是全球进入抑制剂领域最靠前的新药产品，目前已处于注册申请阶段；其次是贺普药业的Hepalatide、ImmuneMed的Burfiralimab进度也相对靠前，处于临床II期间。3. HBsAg抑制剂HBsAg抑制剂是一类专门针对乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）的药物，旨在阻断HBsAg和亚病毒颗粒的释放以控制HBV的复制和感染过程。目前，HBsAg抑制剂的研究和开发相对较少，并非乙肝抗病毒治疗的主力方向，仅有少数几款新药管线的研究推进顺利。管线名称技术分类靶点类型原研企业临床阶段REP-2139核酸聚合物HBsAgHBSAg抑制剂REPLICor Inc临床Ⅱ期REP-2165核酸聚合物HBsAgHBSAg抑制剂REPLICor Inc临床Ⅱ期GST-HG131化药TENT4A;TENT4BHBSAg抑制剂上海药明康德新药开发有限公司;福建广生堂药业股份有限公司临床Ⅱ期LP-128化药HBsAgHBSAg抑制剂广州麓鹏制药有限公司临床Ⅰ期GST-HG121化药HBsAgHBSAg抑制剂上海药明康德新药开发有限公司;福建广生堂药业股份有限公司临床Ⅰ期数据来源：药智数据4. ASOASO（反义寡核苷酸）治疗乙肝的作用机制主要基于其对病毒基因表达的精准调控，通过序列互补性与HBV mRNA结合，形成稳定的DNA双链结构，直接阻断核糖体对病毒mRNA的识别，抑制HBsAg、HBeAg等关键病毒蛋白的翻译过程‌。简单来说，将乙肝病毒的mRNA比作制作HBsAg和HBeAg等抗原的“模版”，ASO疗法针对目标不再选择致病抗原，而是这些“模版”，从源头层面试图减少乙肝病毒抗原的产生。相较其他抗病毒疗法，ASO与siRNA被认为是目前最能实现乙肝“功能治愈”的疗法，其不仅具备诸多特异性优势，且临床上也取得了一些可喜的结果，显示了研发活跃的积极状态。针对性强：ASO药物能够特异性地针对HBV的关键mRNA进行降解，减少非特异性副作用。潜在疗效显著：临床试验显示，ASO药物能够显著降低HBsAg和HBV-DNA水平，有望实现CHB的功能性治愈。安全性良好：多数ASO药物在临床试验中表现出良好的安全性和耐受性。药品名称靶点原研单位全球最高阶段中国最高阶段管线状态GSK836(突破性疗法)HBVIonis Pharmaceuticals Inc;葛兰素史克临床Ⅲ期临床Ⅲ期活跃AHB-137(突破性疗法)HBV杭州浩博医药有限公司临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅱ期活跃GSK4388067-葛兰素史克临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅲ期活跃GSK3389404ASGPR;HBsAg葛兰素史克临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅱ期活跃ALG-020572HBsAgAligos Therapeutics Inc临床Ⅰ期临床Ⅲ期活跃SB 539HBVF-star Therapeutics Inc临床前临床Ⅲ期活跃SB-527HBVF-star Therapeutics Inc临床前临床Ⅲ期活跃数据来源：药智数据其中，GSK的GSK836作为全球ASO乙肝疗法中进展最快的管线，目前已处于临床Ⅲ期阶段，GSK更是在其2024年财报中重点提及该药将于2026年敲定上市，同时公布比较完整的Phase Ⅲ期临床数据。图片来源：肝博士之后，浩博医药的AHB-137、GSK的GSK4388067与GSK3389404也已进入临床Ⅱ期，也是ASO乙肝疗法中备受期待的管线。5. RNA干扰（siRNA）相较衣壳抑制剂等小分子抗病毒疗法而言，RNAi药物在作用机制上则存在较为明显的优势，其高效靶向和降解HBV转录的本质，可以抑制HBV抗原表达，阻断病毒复制，减轻免疫耐受，虽然对cccDNA或整合病毒DNA无直接作用，但却可以抑制来自整合HBV-DNA和cccDNA的HBsAg。同时由于其在作用机制上，与ASO具有相似的药物设计理念，两者均为靶向HBV mRNA降解，不过较ASO疗法，siRNA理论上还具有诸多显著优势：作用机制更高效：‌siRNA通过RNA干扰（RNAi）机制，直接降解病毒mRNA，显著降低HBsAg和HBV DNA水平，且对cccDNA转录的pgRNA也有抑制作用。而ASO主要通过结合mRNA并依赖RNase H降解病毒RNA，但其对cccDNA的直接影响有限‌。靶向范围更广：‌siRNA可同时靶向多个HBV转录本，包括HBsAg、HBeAg和HBV DNA，实现更全面的病毒抑制‌，ASO通常针对特定mRNA序列，作用范围相对较窄‌。临床疗效更显著‌：临床试验显示，siRNA药物（如Xalnesiran）在联合或不联合免疫调节剂的情况下，显著提高HBsAg转阴率，部分患者实现功能性治愈‌。ASO（如Bepirovirsen）虽能降低HBsAg水平，但其功能性治愈率相对较低，且需长期治疗‌。免疫调节潜力更强：‌siRNA可通过激活TLR7等免疫受体，增强先天免疫反应，促进病毒清除‌；ASO的免疫调节作用较弱，主要通过直接抑制病毒RNA发挥作用‌。给药频率更低：‌siRNA药物通常每4周给药一次，患者依从性更高‌。ASO需更频繁给药，可能增加治疗负担‌。‌而在临床研究层面，siRNA疗法同时也是现阶段乙肝抗病毒新药数量中仅次于衣壳抑制剂的存在，全球约有超20款重点管线涉及，且大部分管线均已进入临床Ⅱ期阶段，比如星曜坤泽生物的HT-101、正大天晴的TQA-3038、腾盛博药的VIR-2218、Arrowhead的JNJ-3989、罗氏的RO-7445482等。药品名称药品类别靶点原研单位全球最高阶段中国最高阶段管线状态HT-101化药;核酸偶联药物;siRNAHBsAg苏州星曜坤泽生物制药有限公司临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅱ期活跃TQA-3038化药;核酸偶联药物;siRNAASGPR正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅱ期活跃Imdusiran化药;siRNAHBsAgArbutus Biopharma Corp；齐鲁制药（合作）临床Ⅱ期临床申请活跃BW-20507化药;siRNA-ARGO Biopharma Australia Pty Ltd临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅰ期活跃VIR-2218（突破性疗法）化药;核酸偶联药物;siRNAASGPRAlnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc;Vir Biotechnology Inc腾盛博药（合作）临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅱ期活跃JNJ-3989（突破性疗法）化药;核酸偶联药物;siRNAASGPRArrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc;强生创新制药;葛兰素史克临床Ⅱ期临床Ⅱ期活跃ARC-520生物制品;核酸偶联药物;siRNAHBV;siRNAArrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc临床Ⅱ期暂无研发进展活跃ALN-HBV生物制品;核酸偶联药物;siRNAASGPRAlnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc临床Ⅱ期暂无研发进展活跃ARB-1467生物制品;脂质纳米颗粒;siRNAHBV;siRNAArbutus Biopharma Corp临床Ⅱ期暂无研发进展活跃RO-7445482化药;siRNA-Dicerna Pharmaceuticals Inc;罗氏临床Ⅱ期临床申请活跃BW-03生物制品;siRNA-上海舶望制药有限公司临床Ⅰ期临床Ⅰ期活跃ALG-125755生物制品;核酸偶联药物;siRNAHBsAgAligos Therapeutics Inc临床Ⅰ期暂无研发进展活跃ARB-1740生物制品;脂质纳米颗粒;siRNAHBVArbutus Biopharma Corp临床Ⅰ期暂无研发进展活跃ALG-072571生物制品;siRNAPD-L1Aligos Therapeutics Inc临床前暂无研发进展活跃托立司兰 Tomligisiran生物制品;siRNA-强生创新制药临床前暂无研发进展活跃KW-040生物制品;siRNA-北京凯因科技股份有限公司;北京安龙生物医药有限公司临床前暂无研发进展活跃OLX-703A生物制品;siRNAHBVOliX Pharmaceuticals Inc临床前暂无研发进展活跃STP-155G生物制品;siRNAHBV圣诺生物临床前暂无研发进展活跃CG2021V生物制品;siRNA-上海柯君医药科技有限公司临床前暂无研发进展活跃ALG-125097生物制品;siRNAHBVAligos Therapeutics Inc临床前暂无研发进展活跃HPG6198生物制品;siRNAsiRNA雅创医药技术（上海）有限公司临床前暂无研发进展活跃数据来源：药智数据、公开数据整理从siRNA的开发历程来看，目前该领域主要有两代产品构成，第一代产品以Arrowhead的ARC-520和ARC-521为代表，但由于其HBsAg降低的有效性数据不明显，且有较大的肝脏损伤可能，故最终搁浅；第二代产品则是目前主流的siRNA类型，比如知名的VIR-2218、JNJ-3989等，这些新药不仅临床有效性较好，且安全性数据也不错，往往效果还能持续数月。综合评判之下，腾盛博药的VIR-2218是目前最具潜力的新药管线，其靶向乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因组的 X 区域（该区域是所有HBV病毒RNA转录本的共同区域），联合PegIFN的组别显著提高了HBsAg下降幅度。在其联合PEG-IFNα治疗乙肝的Ⅱ期研究数据中其中队列5(VIR-2218 × ≤ 13 + PEG IFNα × ≤ 44）在治疗结束时的HBsAg清除率可达30.8%，且队列4与队列五中15%～16%的患者在治疗结束后至少持续24周，有助于实现“功能性治愈”。而总体而言，虽然siRNA治疗乙肝领域仍有不少问题需要解决，比如长期有效性数据，长期安全性数据以及各类抗病毒药物的用药规划等都尚不明确，不过以其在治疗慢性乙型肝炎上显示出的潜力而言，其仍不失为乙肝治疗领域最受期待的创新疗法之一，尤其是未来与其他抗病毒药物联用方向。乙肝治疗的未来对于目前乙肝治疗的临床需求，以及乙肝新药的整体研发格局，如今仅靠单药疗法应对如此多复杂的需求明显不现实，无论是有效性、安全性、耐药性都很难取得质的突破，因此“联合治疗”或是未来实现功能性治愈的最佳研究方向。目前来看，乙肝联合治疗模式一般是围绕三大策略模式进行：抑制HBV复制（进入抑制剂、核苷（酸）类似物、衣壳抑制剂、siRNA/反义寡核苷酸）。抑制HBsAg产生（SiRNA/反义寡核苷酸、NAP、pegIFNa）。激活对HBV的免疫反应（检查点抑制剂、TLR激动剂或pegIFNa、治疗性疫苗）。目前各类型药物组合方式与方法尚没有明确定义，但多数新药均在以联用的方式推进产品有效性数据突破，比如过去常见的聚乙二醇干扰素α+核苷、衣壳抑制剂+核苷、ASO+干扰素、siRNA+核苷等。图片来源：医脉通小结其实，从短效干扰素到核苷酸类似物疗法，再到如今比较火热的衣壳抑制剂、ASO与siRNA疗法，不仅乙肝药物治疗的基础策略方案有了诸多变化，比如从“病毒欺骗”到“模版抑制”、比如从部分治愈到临床治愈，而且新时代下，单药治疗不再是唯一选项，反而是不同作用机制的创新疗法联用成为趋势。如今，随着衣壳抑制剂、HBsAg抑制剂、ASO与siRNA等创新疗法的临床进展，未来或许也面临着多款新药接踵而至，但从整体却仍难以改变长效干扰素与核苷酸类似物疗法的临床地位。在很多时候，医药创新都是在逐渐满足临床需求的过程中不断推进，至少现阶段而言，乙肝的完全治愈还并非现有哪种新药能办到的，道阻且长，还需努力。来源 | 博药（药智网获取授权转载）撰稿 | 博药内容中心责任编辑 | 八角声明：本文系药智网转载内容，图片、文字版权归原作者所有，转载目的在于传递更多信息，并不代表本平台观点。如涉及作品内容、版权和其它问题，请在本平台留言，我们将在第一时间删除。合作、投稿 | 马老师 18323856316（同微信）阅读原文，是受欢迎的文章哦

临床研究上市批准

2025-02-11

·gilead.com

Gilead Sciences Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Financial Results

Product Sales Excluding Veklury Increased 8% Year-Over-Year to $26.8 billion for Full Year 2024 Biktarvy Sales Increased 13% Year-Over-Year to $13.4 billion for Full Year 2024 Oncology Sales Increased 12% Year-Over-Year to $3.3 billion for Full Year 2024 FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: GILD) announced today its results of operations for the fourth quarter and full year 2024. “Gilead delivered another exceptionally strong full year and fourth quarter, with growth in our base business product sales of 8% for 2024 and 13% year-over-year for the fourth quarter,” said Daniel O’Day, Gilead’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. “From this foundation of commercial strength, we are planning for the potential launch of lenacapavir for HIV PrEP in Summer 2025, with its unique opportunity to extend the reach of HIV prevention. This potential in HIV, along with our strong and diverse portfolio, and improved operational efficiencies, positions Gilead to deliver increasing patient impact and compelling shareholder returns in the years ahead.” Fourth Quarter 2024 Financial Results Total fourth quarter 2024 revenue increased 6% to $7.6 billion compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher sales in HIV, as well as in Oncology and Liver Disease, partially offset by lower sales of Veklury® (remdesivir). Diluted Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) increased to $1.42 in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to $1.14 in the same period in 2023, primarily driven by lower costs of goods sold, higher product sales and lower acquired in-process research and development ("IPR&D") expenses, partially offset by higher operating expenses as well as unrealized losses on equity investments in 2024 compared to gains in 2023. Non-GAAP diluted EPS increased to $1.90 in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to $1.72 in the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by higher product sales and lower acquired IPR&D expenses, partially offset by higher operating expenses. As of December 31, 2024, Gilead had $10.0 billion of cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt securities compared to $8.4 billion as of December 31, 2023. During the fourth quarter 2024, Gilead generated $3.0 billion in operating cash flow. During the fourth quarter 2024, Gilead issued senior unsecured notes in an aggregate principal amount of $3.5 billion, paid cash dividends of $973 million and utilized $350 million to repurchase common stock. Fourth Quarter 2024 Product Sales Total fourth quarter 2024 product sales increased 7% to $7.5 billion compared to the same period in 2023. Total product sales excluding Veklury increased 13% to $7.2 billion compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher sales in HIV, as well as in Oncology and Liver Disease. HIV product sales increased 16% to $5.5 billion in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by higher demand, higher average realized price and favorable inventory dynamics. Biktarvy® (bictegravir 50mg/emtricitabine (“FTC”) 200mg/tenofovir alafenamide (“TAF”) 25mg) sales increased 21% to $3.8 billion in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by higher demand, favorable inventory dynamics and higher average realized price. Descovy® (FTC 200mg/TAF 25mg) sales increased 21% to $616 million in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by higher demand, higher average realized price and favorable inventory dynamics. The Liver Disease portfolio sales increased 4% to $719 million in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. This was primarily driven by the launch of Livdelzi® (seladelpar) in primary biliary cholangitis (“PBC”), and increased demand in products for chronic hepatitis B virus (“HBV”) and chronic hepatitis delta virus (“HDV”), partially offset by lower demand and average realized price in products for chronic hepatitis C virus (“HCV”). Veklury sales decreased 53% to $337 million in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by lower rates of COVID-19 related hospitalizations, particularly in the United States. Cell Therapy product sales increased 5% to $488 million in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel) sales increased 6% to $390 million in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by higher average realized price and increased demand outside of the United States, partially offset by lower demand in the United States. Tecartus® (brexucabtagene autoleucel) sales of $98 million in the fourth quarter 2024 were flat compared to the same period in 2023, reflecting increased demand outside of the United States, offset by lower demand in the United States. Trodelvy® (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) sales increased 19% to $355 million in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by increased demand in all regions, as well as higher average realized price. Fourth Quarter 2024 Product Gross Margin, Operating Expenses and Tax Product gross margin was 79.0% in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to 70.4% in the same period in 2023, primarily driven by prior year restructuring expenses related to changes in our manufacturing strategy. Non-GAAP product gross margin was 86.7% in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to 86.1% in the same period in 2023. Research and development (“R&D”) expenses were $1.6 billion in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to $1.4 billion in the same period in 2023, primarily due to incremental investments and clinical activities across our portfolio and the impact of a prior year valuation adjustment to the MYR-related contingent consideration that did not repeat. Non-GAAP R&D expenses were $1.6 billion in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to $1.5 billion in the same period in 2023, primarily due to incremental investments and clinical activities across our portfolio. Acquired IPR&D expenses were $(11) million in the fourth quarter 2024, reflecting expenses related to the Terray Therapeutics, Inc. (“Terray”) and Tubulis GmbH (“Tubulis”) collaborations, offset by a favorable adjustment related to the CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc. (“CymaBay”) acquisition. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) and non-GAAP SG&A expenses were $1.9 billion in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to $1.6 billion in the same period in 2023, primarily driven by a litigation accrual and higher sales and marketing spending, including launch preparation activities for lenacapavir for the investigational use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (“PrEP”) as well as for Livdelzi. The effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 17.8% in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to 14.3% in the same period in 2023, primarily due to prior year settlements with tax authorities and non-taxable unrealized gains and losses on equity investments. Non-GAAP ETR was 19.2% in the fourth quarter 2024 compared to 17.1% in the same period in 2023, primarily due to prior year settlements with tax authorities. Full Year 2024 Financial Results Total full year 2024 revenue increased 6% to $28.8 billion compared to 2023, primarily due to higher sales in HIV, Oncology and Liver Disease, partially offset by lower sales of Veklury. Diluted EPS decreased to $0.38 in the full year 2024 compared to $4.50 in 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by a pre-tax IPR&D impairment charge of $4.2 billion, or $2.49 per share net of tax impact, related to assets acquired by Gilead from Immunomedics, Inc. (“Immunomedics”) in 2020, and acquired IPR&D charges of $3.9 billion, or $3.14 per share, in the first quarter 2024 related to the acquisition of CymaBay, partially offset by higher product sales. Non-GAAP diluted EPS decreased to $4.62 in the full year 2024 compared to $6.72 in 2023. This was primarily driven by higher acquired IPR&D expenses related to the CymaBay acquisition and higher income tax expense, partially offset by higher product sales. Full Year 2024 Product Sales Total full year 2024 product sales increased 6% to $28.6 billion compared to 2023. Total product sales excluding Veklury increased 8% to $26.8 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by higher sales in HIV, Oncology and Liver Disease. HIV product sales increased 8% to $19.6 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by higher demand, as well as the impact of higher average realized price. Biktarvy sales increased 13% to $13.4 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by higher demand. Descovy sales increased 6% to $2.1 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by higher demand, partially offset by lower average realized price. The Liver Disease portfolio sales increased 9% to $3.0 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher demand across all liver diseases. Veklury sales decreased 18% to $1.8 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by lower rates of COVID-19 related hospitalizations. Cell Therapy product sales increased 6% to $2.0 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023. Yescarta sales increased 5% to $1.6 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by increased demand outside of the United States and higher average realized price, partially offset by lower demand in the United States. Tecartus sales increased 9% to $403 million in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by increased demand outside of the United States, partially offset by lower demand in the United States. Trodelvy sales increased 24% to $1.3 billion in the full year 2024 compared to 2023, primarily driven by increased demand in all regions. Full Year 2024 Product Gross Margin, Operating Expenses and Tax Product gross margin was 78.2% in the full year 2024 compared to 75.9% in 2023, primarily driven by prior year restructuring expenses related to changes in our manufacturing strategy. Non-GAAP product gross margin was 86.2% in the full year 2024 compared to 86.3% in 2023. R&D expenses were $5.9 billion in the full year 2024 compared to $5.7 billion in 2023, primarily driven by restructuring costs and integration expenses related to the CymaBay acquisition. Non-GAAP R&D expenses of $5.7 billion in the full year 2024 were flat compared to 2023. Acquired IPR&D expenses were $4.7 billion in the full year 2024 compared to $1.2 billion in 2023, primarily reflecting the acquisition of CymaBay. SG&A expenses of $6.1 billion in the full year 2024 were flat compared to 2023, reflecting higher sales and marketing spending, including launch preparation activities for lenacapavir for the investigational use of HIV PrEP as well as for Livdelzi, integration costs related to the acquisition of CymaBay, and restructuring expenses, offset by lower expenses related to legal matters. Non-GAAP SG&A expenses were $5.9 billion in the full year 2024 compared to $6.1 billion in 2023, primarily driven by lower expenses related to legal matters, partially offset by higher sales and marketing spending, including launch preparation activities for lenacapavir for the investigational use of HIV PrEP as well as for Livdelzi. The ETR was 30.5% in the full year 2024 compared to 18.2% in 2023, primarily driven by the non-deductible acquired IPR&D charge for CymaBay and prior year decrease in tax reserves that did not repeat, partially offset by the tax impact of a legal entity restructuring and Immunomedics IPR&D impairment expense, as well as current year settlements with tax authorities and remeasurement of certain deferred tax liabilities. Non-GAAP ETR was 25.9% in the full year 2024 compared to 15.2% in 2023, primarily due to the non-deductible acquired IPR&D charge for CymaBay and a prior year decrease in tax reserves that did not repeat, partially offset by current year settlements with tax authorities. Guidance and Outlook For the full-year 2025, Gilead expects: (in millions, except per share amounts) February 11, 2025 Guidance Low End High End Product sales $ 28,200 $ 28,600 Product sales excluding Veklury $ 26,800 $ 27,200 Veklury $ 1,400 $ 1,400 Diluted EPS $ 5.95 $ 6.35 Non-GAAP diluted EPS $ 7.70 $ 8.10 Additional information and a reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial information for the 2025 guidance is provided in the accompanying tables. The financial guidance is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. See the Forward-Looking Statements section below. Key Updates Since Our Last Quarterly Release Virology Presented new HIV data at the International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection (“HIV Glasgow 2024”). This included full results from the Phase 3 PURPOSE 2 trial evaluating investigational twice-yearly lenacapavir for HIV prevention among cisgender men and gender-diverse people, with data published in theNew England Journal of Medicine. Additionally at HIV Glasgow 2024, presented new HIV treatment research data from Biktarvy, as well as for investigational regimens with once-daily, once-weekly and twice-yearly dosing frequencies. Completed the New Drug Application submissions to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), as well as a marketing authorization application and an EU-Medicines for All application to the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), for twice-yearly lenacapavir for HIV prevention. Lenacapavir named by Science Magazine as its 2024 “Breakthrough of the Year,” based in part on the PURPOSE 1 and PURPOSE 2 trial results. Oncology Our partner, Arcellx, Inc. (“Arcellx”), presented new data evaluating investigational anitocabtagene autoleucel (“anito-cel”) in relapsed or refractory (“R/R”) multiple myeloma at the American Society of Hematology 2024 Annual Meeting (“ASH 2024”). This included preliminary data from the registrational Phase 2 iMMagine-1 trial, as well as updated Phase 1 data. Presented new data at ASH 2024 including long-term follow-up of Yescarta in R/R non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Tecartus in R/R mantle cell lymphoma, as well as real world data for Yescarta in R/R large B-cell lymphoma and Tecartus in B-cell precursor adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation by FDA to Trodelvy for the treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (“ES-SCLC”) whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. The use of Trodelvy in ES-SCLC is investigational. Entered into a single-asset focused collaboration, license, and option agreement with Tubulis to develop an antibody-drug conjugate candidate for a solid tumor target using Tubulis’ Tubutecan and Alco5 platforms. Inflammation Received a positive opinion from the EMA’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use recommending seladelpar for the treatment of PBC in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (“UDCA”) in adults who have an inadequate response to UDCA alone, or as monotherapy in those unable to tolerate UDCA. Received marketing authorization from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the UK for seladelpar for treatment of PBC, including pruritus, in adults in combination with UDCA who have an inadequate response to UDCA alone, or as monotherapy in those unable to tolerate UDCA. Presented new data evaluating seladelpar in PBC at the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases’ The Liver Meeting. This included longer-term follow-up data from the ASSURE trial, as well as additional analyses from the RESPONSE trial. Announced a strategic partnership to develop and commercialize the pre-clinical oral STAT6 program of LEO Pharma A/S (“LEO Pharma”) for the potential treatment of inflammatory diseases. Corporate Appointed Dietmar Berger, MD, PhD, as Chief Medical Officer effective January 2025. Entered into a strategic research collaboration with Terray to discover and develop novel, small molecule therapies across multiple targets using Terray’s artificial intelligence tNOVA platform. Reached a final settlement agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on patents that the government alleged covered Truvada® (FTC 200mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (“TDF”) 300mg) and Descovy for HIV PrEP. Issued $3.5 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes in a registered offering. The Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.79 per share of common stock for the first quarter of 2025. The dividend is payable on March 28, 2025, to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 14, 2025. Future dividends will be subject to Board approval. Certain amounts and percentages in this press release may not sum or recalculate due to rounding. Conference Call At 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time today, Gilead will host a conference call to discuss Gilead’s results. A live webcast will be available on http://investors.gilead.com and will be archived on www.gilead.com for one year. Non-GAAP Financial Information The information presented in this document has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), unless otherwise noted as non-GAAP. Management believes non-GAAP information is useful for investors, when considered in conjunction with Gilead’s GAAP financial information, because management uses such information internally for its operating, budgeting and financial planning purposes. Non-GAAP information is not prepared under a comprehensive set of accounting rules and should only be used to supplement an understanding of Gilead’s operating results as reported under GAAP. Non-GAAP financial information generally excludes acquisition-related expenses including amortization of acquired intangible assets and other items that are considered unusual or not representative of underlying trends of Gilead’s business, fair value adjustments of equity securities and discrete and related tax charges or benefits associated with such exclusions as well as changes in tax-related laws and guidelines, transfers of intangible assets between certain legal entities, and legal entity restructurings. Although Gilead consistently excludes the amortization of acquired intangible assets from the non-GAAP financial information, management believes that it is important for investors to understand that such intangible assets were recorded as part of acquisitions and contribute to ongoing revenue generation. Non-GAAP measures may be defined and calculated differently by other companies in the same industry. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are provided in the accompanying tables. About Gilead Sciences Gilead Sciences, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that has pursued and achieved breakthroughs in medicine for more than three decades, with the goal of creating a healthier world for all people. The company is committed to advancing innovative medicines to prevent and treat life-threatening diseases, including HIV, viral hepatitis, COVID-19, cancer and inflammation. Gilead operates in more than 35 countries worldwide, with headquarters in Foster City, California. Forward-Looking Statements Statements included in this press release that are not historical in nature are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Gilead cautions readers that forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. These risks and uncertainties include those relating to: Gilead’s ability to achieve its full year 2025 financial guidance, including as a result of the uncertainty of the amount and timing of Veklury revenues; Gilead’s ability to make progress on any of its long-term ambitions or priorities laid out in its corporate strategy; Gilead’s ability to accelerate or sustain revenues for its virology, oncology and other programs; Gilead’s ability to realize the potential benefits of acquisitions, collaborations or licensing arrangements, including the arrangements with Arcellx, LEO Pharma, Terray and Tubulis; patent protection and estimated loss of exclusivity for our products and product candidates; Gilead’s ability to initiate, progress or complete clinical trials within currently anticipated timeframes or at all, the possibility of unfavorable results from ongoing and additional clinical trials, including those involving Biktarvy, Tecartus, Trodelvy, Yescarta, anito-cel, lenacapavir and seladelpar (such as the ASSURE, iMMagine-1, PURPOSE 1 and 2, and RESPONSE studies), and the risk that safety and efficacy data from clinical trials may not warrant further development of Gilead’s product candidates or the product candidates of Gilead’s strategic partners; Gilead’s ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates or expanded indications in the currently anticipated timelines, including for lenacapavir for HIV PrEP and seladelpar for PBC; Gilead’s ability to receive or maintain regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, and the risk that any such approvals, if granted, may be subject to significant limitations on use and may be subject to withdrawal or other adverse actions by the applicable regulatory authority; Gilead’s ability to successfully commercialize its products; the risk of potential disruptions to the manufacturing and supply chain of Gilead’s products; pricing and reimbursement pressures from government agencies and other third parties, including required rebates and other discounts; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Gilead products; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of Gilead’s products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products, including Livdelzi; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead’s reports filed with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. In addition, Gilead makes estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures. Gilead bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market specific and other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. There may be other factors of which Gilead is not currently aware that may affect matters discussed in the forward-looking statements and may also cause actual results to differ significantly from these estimates. Further, results for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of operating results for any future periods. Gilead directs readers to its press releases, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other subsequent disclosure documents filed with the SEC. Gilead claims the protection of the Safe Harbor contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and is cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead and Gilead assumes no obligation to update or supplement any such forward-looking statements other than as required by law. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof or as of the dates indicated in the statements. Gilead owns or has rights to various trademarks, copyrights and trade names used in its business, including the following: GILEAD®, GILEAD SCIENCES®, KITETM , AMBISOME®, ATRIPLA®, BIKTARVY®, CAYSTON®, COMPLERA®, DESCOVY®, DESCOVY FOR PREP®, EMTRIVA®, EPCLUSA®, EVIPLERA®, GENVOYA®, HARVONI®, HEPCLUDEX®, HEPSERA®, JYSELECA®, LIVDELZI®, LETAIRIS®, ODEFSEY®, SOVALDI®, STRIBILD®, SUNLENCA® , TECARTUS®, TRODELVY®, TRUVADA®, TRUVADA FOR PREP®, TYBOST®, VEKLURY®, VEMLIDY®, VIREAD®, VOSEVI®, YESCARTA® and ZYDELIG®. For more information on Gilead Sciences, Inc., please visit www.gilead.com or call the Gilead Public Affairs Department at 1-800-GILEAD-5 (1-800-445-3235). GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions, except per share amounts) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues: Product sales $ 7,536 $ 7,070 $ 28,610 $ 26,934 Royalty, contract and other revenues 33 45 144 182 Total revenues 7,569 7,115 28,754 27,116 Costs and expenses: Cost of goods sold 1,581 2,090 6,251 6,498 Research and development expenses 1,641 1,408 5,907 5,718 Acquired in-process research and development expenses (11 ) 347 4,663 1,155 In-process research and development impairments — 50 4,180 50 Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,906 1,608 6,091 6,090 Total costs and expenses 5,118 5,503 27,092 19,511 Operating income 2,451 1,612 1,662 7,605 Interest expense 248 252 977 944 Other (income) expense, net 35 (293 ) (6 ) (198 ) Income before income taxes 2,168 1,653 690 6,859 Income tax expense 385 236 211 1,247 Net income 1,783 1,417 480 5,613 Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — (12 ) — (52 ) Net income attributable to Gilead $ 1,783 $ 1,429 $ 480 $ 5,665 Basic earnings per share attributable to Gilead $ 1.43 $ 1.15 $ 0.38 $ 4.54 Shares used in basic earnings per share attributable to Gilead calculation 1,248 1,248 1,247 1,248 Diluted earnings per share attributable to Gilead $ 1.42 $ 1.14 $ 0.38 $ 4.50 Shares used in diluted earnings per share attributable to Gilead calculation 1,259 1,256 1,255 1,258 Supplemental Information: Cash dividends declared per share $ 0.77 $ 0.75 $ 3.08 $ 3.00 Product gross margin 79.0 % 70.4 % 78.2 % 75.9 % Research and development expenses as a % of revenues 21.7 % 19.8 % 20.5 % 21.1 % Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues 25.2 % 22.6 % 21.2 % 22.5 % Operating margin 32.4 % 22.7 % 5.8 % 28.0 % Effective tax rate 17.8 % 14.3 % 30.5 % 18.2 % GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. TOTAL REVENUE SUMMARY (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change Product sales: HIV $ 5,452 $ 4,693 16% $ 19,612 $ 18,175 8% Liver Disease 719 691 4% 3,021 2,784 9% Oncology 843 765 10% 3,289 2,932 12% Other 184 201 (8)% 889 859 3% Total product sales excluding Veklury 7,198 6,350 13% 26,811 24,750 8% Veklury 337 720 (53)% 1,799 2,184 (18)% Total product sales 7,536 7,070 7% 28,610 26,934 6% Royalty, contract and other revenues 33 45 (26)% 144 182 (21)% Total revenues $ 7,569 $ 7,115 6% $ 28,754 $ 27,116 6% GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION(1) (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change Non-GAAP: Cost of goods sold $ 1,002 $ 980 2% $ 3,936 $ 3,697 6% Research and development expenses $ 1,612 $ 1,452 11% $ 5,732 $ 5,720 —% Acquired IPR&D expenses(2) $ (11 ) $ 347 NM $ 4,663 $ 1,155 NM Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,852 $ 1,597 16% $ 5,903 $ 6,060 (3)% Other (income) expense, net $ (91 ) $ (104 ) (13)% $ (279 ) $ (365 ) (24)% Diluted EPS $ 1.90 $ 1.72 10% $ 4.62 $ 6.72 (31)% Shares used in non-GAAP diluted earnings per share attributable to Gilead calculation 1,259 1,256 —% 1,255 1,258 —% Product gross margin 86.7 % 86.1 % 56 bps 86.2 % 86.3 % -3 bps Research and development expenses as a % of revenues 21.3 % 20.4 % 89 bps 19.9 % 21.1 % -116 bps Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues 24.5 % 22.4 % 203 bps 20.5 % 22.3 % -182 bps Operating margin 41.1 % 38.5 % 265 bps 29.6 % 38.7 % -903 bps Effective tax rate 19.2 % 17.1 % 210 bps 25.9 % 15.2 % 1075 bps NM - Not Meaningful (1) Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Information section above for further disclosures on non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial information is provided in the tables below. (2) Equal to GAAP financial information. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Cost of goods sold reconciliation: GAAP cost of goods sold $ 1,581 $ 2,090 $ 6,251 $ 6,498 Acquisition-related – amortization(1) (579 ) (580 ) (2,316 ) (2,271 ) Restructuring — (479 ) — (479 ) Other(2) — (51 ) — (51 ) Non-GAAP cost of goods sold $ 1,002 $ 980 $ 3,936 $ 3,697 Product gross margin reconciliation: GAAP product gross margin 79.0 % 70.4 % 78.2 % 75.9 % Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 7.7 % 8.2 % 8.1 % 8.4 % Restructuring — % 6.8 % (— )% 1.8 % Other(2) — % 0.7 % — % 0.2 % Non-GAAP product gross margin 86.7 % 86.1 % 86.2 % 86.3 % Research and development expenses reconciliation: GAAP research and development expenses $ 1,641 $ 1,408 $ 5,907 $ 5,718 Acquisition-related – other costs(3) — 59 (78 ) 22 Restructuring (30 ) (15 ) (98 ) (20 ) Non-GAAP research and development expenses $ 1,612 $ 1,452 $ 5,732 $ 5,720 IPR&D impairment reconciliation: GAAP IPR&D impairment $ — $ 50 $ 4,180 $ 50 IPR&D impairment — (50 ) (4,180 ) (50 ) Non-GAAP IPR&D impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — Selling, general and administrative expenses reconciliation: GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,906 $ 1,608 $ 6,091 $ 6,090 Acquisition-related – other costs(3) (8 ) — (97 ) (2 ) Restructuring (46 ) (11 ) (91 ) (28 ) Non-GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,852 $ 1,597 $ 5,903 $ 6,060 Operating income reconciliation: GAAP operating income $ 2,451 $ 1,612 $ 1,662 $ 7,605 Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 579 580 2,316 2,271 Acquisition-related – other costs(3) 8 (59 ) 174 (20 ) Restructuring 76 505 188 527 IPR&D impairment — 50 4,180 50 Other(2) — 51 — 51 Non-GAAP operating income $ 3,114 $ 2,739 $ 8,520 $ 10,484 Operating margin reconciliation: GAAP operating margin 32.4 % 22.7 % 5.8 % 28.0 % Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 7.6 % 8.1 % 8.1 % 8.4 % Acquisition-related – other costs(3) 0.1 % (0.8 )% 0.6 % (0.1 )% Restructuring 1.0 % 7.1 % 0.7 % 1.9 % IPR&D impairment — % 0.7 % 14.5 % 0.2 % Other(2) — % 0.7 % — % 0.2 % Non-GAAP operating margin 41.1 % 38.5 % 29.6 % 38.7 % Other (income) expense, net reconciliation: GAAP other (income) expense, net $ 35 $ (293 ) $ (6 ) $ (198 ) (Loss) gain from equity securities, net (126 ) 189 (274 ) (167 ) Non-GAAP other (income) expense, net $ (91 ) $ (104 ) $ (279 ) $ (365 ) GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION - (Continued) (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Income before income taxes reconciliation: GAAP income before income taxes $ 2,168 $ 1,653 $ 690 $ 6,859 Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 579 580 2,316 2,271 Acquisition-related – other costs(3) 8 (59 ) 174 (20 ) Restructuring 76 505 188 527 IPR&D impairment — 50 4,180 50 Loss (gain) from equity securities, net 126 (189 ) 274 167 Other(2) — 51 — 51 Non-GAAP income before income taxes $ 2,956 $ 2,591 $ 7,822 $ 9,905 Income tax expense reconciliation: GAAP income tax (benefit) expense $ 385 $ 236 $ 211 $ 1,247 Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments: Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 121 119 484 466 Acquisition-related – other costs(3) 2 1 41 9 Restructuring 16 90 37 95 IPR&D impairment — 15 1,051 15 Loss (gain) from equity securities, net 13 (18 ) (39 ) (14 ) Discrete and related tax charges(4) 29 (12 ) 243 (326 ) Other(2) — 11 — 11 Non-GAAP income tax expense $ 566 $ 442 $ 2,028 $ 1,503 Effective tax rate reconciliation: GAAP effective tax rate 17.8 % 14.3 % 30.5 % 18.2 % Income tax effect of above non-GAAP adjustments and discrete and related tax adjustments(4) 1.4 % 2.8 % (4.6 )% (3.0 )% Non-GAAP effective tax rate 19.2 % 17.1 % 25.9 % 15.2 % Net income attributable to Gilead reconciliation: GAAP net income attributable to Gilead $ 1,783 $ 1,429 $ 480 $ 5,665 Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 458 460 1,832 1,805 Acquisition-related – other costs(3) 6 (59 ) 134 (29 ) Restructuring 59 414 151 431 IPR&D impairment — 35 3,129 35 Loss (gain) from equity securities, net 113 (171 ) 313 180 Discrete and related tax charges(4) (29 ) 12 (243 ) 326 Other(2) — 40 — 40 Non-GAAP net income attributable to Gilead $ 2,390 $ 2,161 $ 5,795 $ 8,454 Diluted earnings per share reconciliation: GAAP diluted earnings per share $ 1.42 $ 1.14 $ 0.38 $ 4.50 Acquisition-related – amortization(1) 0.36 0.37 1.46 1.43 Acquisition-related – other costs(3) — (0.05 ) 0.11 (0.02 ) Restructuring 0.05 0.33 0.12 0.34 IPR&D impairment — 0.03 2.49 0.03 Loss (gain) from equity securities, net 0.09 (0.14 ) 0.25 0.14 Discrete and related tax charges(4) (0.02 ) 0.01 (0.19 ) 0.26 Other(2) — 0.03 — 0.03 Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share $ 1.90 $ 1.72 $ 4.62 $ 6.72 Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Non-GAAP adjustment summary: Cost of goods sold adjustments $ 579 $ 1,110 $ 2,315 $ 2,801 Research and development expenses adjustments 29 (44 ) 176 (2 ) IPR&D impairment adjustments — 50 4,180 50 Selling, general and administrative expenses adjustments 54 11 188 30 Total non-GAAP adjustments to costs and expenses 663 1,127 6,858 2,879 Other (income) expense, net, adjustments 126 (189 ) 274 167 Total non-GAAP adjustments before income taxes 789 938 7,132 3,046 Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments above (152 ) (218 ) (1,574 ) (583 ) Discrete and related tax charges(4) (29 ) 12 (243 ) 326 Total non-GAAP adjustments to net income attributable to Gilead $ 607 $ 732 $ 5,315 $ 2,789 (1) Relates to amortization of acquired intangibles. (2) Relates to a write-off of an intangible asset related to the restructuring of our collaboration with Galapagos NV during the fourth quarter of 2023. (3) Adjustments include integration expenses, contingent consideration fair value adjustments and other expenses associated with Gilead’s recent acquisitions. (4) Represents discrete and related deferred tax charges or benefits primarily associated with acquired intangible assets and in-process research and development, transfers of intangible assets from a foreign subsidiary to Ireland and the United States, and legal entity restructurings. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP 2025 FULL YEAR GUIDANCE(1) (unaudited) (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts) Provided February 11, 2025 Projected product gross margin GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected product gross margin 77.0% - 78.0% Acquisition-related expenses ~ 8.0% Non-GAAP projected product gross margin 85.0% - 86.0% Projected operating income GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected operating income $10,200 - $10,700 Acquisition-related and restructuring expenses ~ 2,500 Non-GAAP projected operating income $12,700 - $13,200 Projected effective tax rate GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected effective tax rate ~ 20% Income tax effect of above non-GAAP adjustments, and discrete and related tax adjustments (~ 1%) Non-GAAP projected effective tax rate ~ 19% Projected diluted EPS GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation: GAAP projected diluted EPS $5.95 - $6.35 Acquisition-related and restructuring expenses, and discrete and related tax adjustments ~ 1.75 Non-GAAP projected diluted EPS $7.70 - $8.10 (1) Our full-year guidance excludes the potential impact of any (i) acquisitions or business development transactions that have not been executed, (ii) future fair value adjustments of equity securities and (iii) discrete tax charges or benefits associated with changes in tax related laws and guidelines that have not been enacted, as Gilead is unable to project such amounts. The non-GAAP full-year guidance includes non-GAAP adjustments to actual current period results as well as adjustments for the known future impact associated with events that have already occurred, such as future amortization of our intangible assets and the future impact of discrete and related deferred tax charges or benefits primarily associated with acquired intangible assets and in-process research and development, transfers of intangible assets from a foreign subsidiary to Ireland and the United States, and legal entity restructurings. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 Assets Cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt securities $ 9,991 $ 8,428 Accounts receivable, net 4,420 4,660 Inventories 3,589 3,366 Property, plant and equipment, net 5,414 5,317 Intangible assets, net 19,948 26,454 Goodwill 8,314 8,314 Other assets 7,319 5,586 Total assets $ 58,995 $ 62,125 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current liabilities $ 12,004 $ 11,280 Long-term liabilities 27,744 28,096 Stockholders’ equity(1) 19,246 22,749 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 58,995 $ 62,125 (1) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 1,246 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. SELECTED CASH FLOW INFORMATION (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 2,975 $ 2,168 $ 10,828 $ 8,006 Net cash used in investing activities (225 ) (726 ) (3,449 ) (2,265 ) Net cash used in financing activities 2,260 (1,100 ) (3,433 ) (5,125 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (55 ) 37 (40 ) 57 Net change in cash and cash equivalents 4,954 380 3,906 673 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 5,037 5,705 6,085 5,412 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 9,991 $ 6,085 $ 9,991 $ 6,085 Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 2,975 $ 2,168 $ 10,828 $ 8,006 Capital expenditures (147 ) (214 ) (523 ) (585 ) Free cash flow(1) $ 2,828 $ 1,954 $ 10,305 $ 7,421 (1) Free cash flow is a non-GAAP liquidity measure. Please refer to our disclosures in the Non-GAAP Financial Information section above. GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. PRODUCT SALES SUMMARY (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 HIV Biktarvy – U.S. $ 3,129 $ 2,588 $ 10,855 $ 9,692 Biktarvy – Europe 400 333 1,509 1,253 Biktarvy – Rest of World 246 188 1,060 905 3,774 3,109 13,423 11,850 Descovy – U.S. 563 457 1,902 1,771 Descovy – Europe 25 25 100 100 Descovy – Rest of World 28 28 110 114 616 509 2,113 1,985 Genvoya – U.S. 410 447 1,498 1,752 Genvoya – Europe 42 48 180 205 Genvoya – Rest of World 18 22 84 103 470 517 1,762 2,060 Odefsey – U.S. 252 258 957 1,012 Odefsey – Europe 74 71 290 294 Odefsey – Rest of World 11 11 41 44 336 340 1,288 1,350 Symtuza - Revenue share(1) – U.S. 112 104 450 382 Symtuza - Revenue share(1) – Europe 30 32 130 133 Symtuza - Revenue share(1) – Rest of World 3 3 12 13 144 139 592 529 Other HIV(2) – U.S. 67 46 257 238 Other HIV(2) – Europe 33 25 129 116 Other HIV(2) – Rest of World 11 9 48 47 111 79 434 401 Total HIV – U.S. 4,532 3,899 15,918 14,848 Total HIV – Europe 603 533 2,339 2,102 Total HIV – Rest of World 317 261 1,355 1,226 5,452 4,693 19,612 18,175 Liver Disease Sofosbuvir / Velpatasvir(3) – U.S. 185 216 922 859 Sofosbuvir / Velpatasvir(3) – Europe 69 74 299 323 Sofosbuvir / Velpatasvir(3) – Rest of World 75 89 374 355 330 378 1,596 1,537 Vemlidy – U.S. 148 115 486 410 Vemlidy – Europe 11 10 44 38 Vemlidy – Rest of World 100 92 428 414 260 217 959 862 Other Liver Disease(4) – U.S. 58 39 192 152 Other Liver Disease(4) – Europe 54 38 202 150 Other Liver Disease(4) – Rest of World 18 19 73 83 130 96 467 385 Total Liver Disease – U.S. 391 370 1,601 1,421 Total Liver Disease – Europe 134 121 545 511 Total Liver Disease – Rest of World 194 200 876 852 719 691 3,021 2,784 Veklury Veklury – U.S. 108 364 892 972 Veklury – Europe 80 181 284 408 Veklury – Rest of World 150 175 623 805 337 720 1,799 2,184 GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. PRODUCT SALES SUMMARY - (Continued) (unaudited) Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended December 31, December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Oncology Cell Therapy Tecartus – U.S. 53 66 234 245 Tecartus – Europe 36 27 138 110 Tecartus – Rest of World 10 5 31 15 98 98 403 370 Yescarta – U.S. 161 187 662 811 Yescarta – Europe 156 140 666 547 Yescarta – Rest of World 72 42 242 140 390 368 1,570 1,498 Total Cell Therapy – U.S. 213 253 896 1,055 Total Cell Therapy – Europe 193 167 804 658 Total Cell Therapy – Rest of World 82 46 274 156 488 466 1,973 1,869 Trodelvy Trodelvy – U.S. 247 226 902 777 Trodelvy – Europe 77 48 294 217 Trodelvy – Rest of World 31 24 119 68 355 299 1,315 1,063 Total Oncology – U.S. 461 479 1,798 1,833 Total Oncology – Europe 269 216 1,098 875 Total Oncology – Rest of World 113 70 393 224 843 765 3,289 2,932 Other AmBisome – U.S. 7 4 44 43 AmBisome – Europe 66 68 276 260 AmBisome – Rest of World 36 39 212 189 109 111 533 492 Other(5) – U.S. 51 64 255 261 Other(5) – Europe 8 9 34 40 Other(5) – Rest of World 16 17 68 66 76 90 356 367 Total Other – U.S. 59 68 299 304 Total Other – Europe 74 77 310 301 Total Other – Rest of World 52 56 280 255 184 201 889 859 Total product sales – U.S. 5,550 5,180 20,508 19,377 Total product sales – Europe 1,160 1,128 4,576 4,197 Total product sales – Rest of World 826 762 3,526 3,361 $ 7,536 $ 7,070 $ 28,610 $ 26,934 (1) Represents Gilead’s revenue from cobicistat (“C”), FTC and TAF in Symtuza (darunavir/C/FTC/TAF), a fixed dose combination product commercialized by Janssen Sciences Ireland Unlimited Company. (2) Includes Atripla, Complera/Eviplera, Emtriva, Stribild, Sunlenca, Truvada and Tybost. (3) Includes Epclusa and the authorized generic version of Epclusa sold by Gilead’s separate subsidiary, Asegua Therapeutics LLC (“Asegua”). (4) Includes ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni and the authorized generic version of Harvoni sold by Asegua), Hepcludex, Hepsera, Livdelzi, Sovaldi, Viread and Vosevi. (5) Includes Cayston, Jyseleca, Letairis, Ranexa and Zydelig. Investors: Jacquie Ross, CFA investor_relations@gilead.com Media: Ashleigh Koss public_affairs@gilead.com

临床结果突破性疗法临床2期引进/卖出临床1期

100 项与阿德福韦酯相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01655	阿德福韦酯	J05AF08	DB00718

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
乙型肝炎	中国	葛兰素史克（天津）有限公司	2005-03-23
慢性乙型肝炎	美国	Gilead Sciences, Inc.	2002-09-20

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
慢性肝炎	临床3期	美国	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	中国	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	阿根廷	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	澳大利亚	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	巴西	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	加拿大	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	希腊	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	波多黎各	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	西班牙	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01
慢性肝炎	临床3期	中国台湾	Pharmasset, Inc.	2007-08-01

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT01205165 (CTgov)	临床4期	慢性乙型肝炎 \| 完全性房室传导阻滞	104	Adefor dipivoxil	廠鹽窪淵餘艱壓願壓蓋(蓋簾網築範獵範築衊範) = 鏇憲窪遞醖憲鏇鏇廠鏇蓋廠觸艱觸鏇鬱鹹網壓 (網鏇艱淵齋獵齋膚憲壓, 1.50) 更多	-	2018-03-26
ASCO_GI2017	N/A	乙型肝炎病毒相关肝细胞癌	201	Lamivudine	蓋膚艱觸窪襯獵觸淵網(鹽製範簾憲顧鹽網積膚) = 製糧製夢夢膚廠艱壓憲廠範簾觸鏇餘構鹹觸築 (願醖獵壓窪鬱選鹹範鑰 ) 更多	积极	2017-03-21
				Adefovir dipivoxil	製觸顧鬱範範齋選廠製(鏇遞憲觸衊糧憲淵夢簾) = 鬱醖獵廠廠鹹築網憲遞鏇顧顧願觸鬱顧觸觸願 (夢築窪餘夢糧壓艱襯顧 ) 更多
NCT01146808 (CTgov)	临床1/2期	乙型肝炎	16	ADV	繭艱壓觸餘範遞餘憲顧 = 鏇夢夢願鬱夢網築築廠糧構襯選鏇夢壓範淵衊 (膚醖願繭壓積繭鬱選艱, 衊廠糧積膚壓選鑰鏇淵 ~ 鏇膚襯窪齋膚構選鬱願) 更多	-	2017-03-15
NCT00922207 (CTgov)	临床4期	慢性乙型肝炎	280	Peg-IFN-Alfa-2a+Adefovir (Peg-IFN-Alfa-2a + Adefovir)	醖範廠構鹽製願壓築構 = 鹽窪簾衊觸鹹夢選鹽襯壓鹹鑰糧蓋醖製蓋鑰顧 (壓鬱襯積鹹獵蓋艱範襯, 廠夢糧築遞鬱齋淵築繭 ~ 顧壓蓋廠觸構鬱窪鑰築) 更多	-	2015-11-20
				Peg-IFN-Alfa-2a+Entecavir (Peg-IFN-Alfa-2a + Entecavir)	醖範廠構鹽製願壓築構 = 餘鏇餘鑰願鏇襯鬱鏇壓壓鹹鑰糧蓋醖製蓋鑰顧 (壓鬱襯積鹹獵蓋艱範襯, 壓鹽衊醖製鹹顧淵齋構 ~ 鹽餘製鹹構廠窪鑰糧鑰) 更多
NCT01023217 (CAESAR, CTgov)	临床4期	慢性乙型肝炎	90	adefovir+Entecavir (Adefovir Plus Entecavir)	醖網壓構膚積觸憲顧簾 = 觸蓋鏇獵窪鹹廠鏇選範鏇積簾壓襯鹹構網鹽鹹 (餘鬱築網顧選襯壓齋憲, 艱鬱襯遞鑰築繭鏇鹹選 ~ 鹹鹹廠鏇網獵淵網鹽願) 更多	-	2014-01-13
				adefovir+Lamivudine+Entecavir (Adefovir Plus Lamivudine)	醖網壓構膚積觸憲顧簾 = 艱蓋獵顧壓構襯襯窪蓋鏇積簾壓襯鹹構網鹽鹹 (餘鬱築網顧選襯壓齋憲, 築糧夢築簾齋遞鑰築壓 ~ 衊鬱襯淵鏇衊膚壓遞鹽) 更多
NCT00095121 (CTgov)	临床3期	慢性乙型肝炎	173	Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV)+Lamivudine (Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV))	蓋鬱淵積壓壓遞遞鹽願 = 製顧蓋襯範構鹽廠鑰艱繭夢繭遞選壓糧糧顧膚 (積構蓋艱襯鏇觸糧艱醖, 齋夢蓋廠鹹顧襯蓋窪蓋 ~ 憲鑰積鬱鏇鬱衊構憲遞) 更多	-	2011-06-03
				Placebo (PLB)+Lamivudine (Placebo (PLB))	蓋鬱淵積壓壓遞遞鹽願 = 襯鏇觸選構觸壓顧鏇遞繭夢繭遞選壓糧糧顧膚 (積構蓋艱襯鏇觸糧艱醖, 願壓淵繭齋鬱憲選憲製 ~ 遞鑰蓋鬱夢遞製蓋餘構) 更多
NCT00347009 (CTgov)	临床4期	慢性乙型肝炎 \| 纤维化	155	Adefovir Dipivoxil	膚憲築選網鑰艱築積網 = 遞鏇構蓋壓憲築鏇積襯鏇鹹鬱鏇憲選鹹顧餘艱 (餘襯範壓鹽繭夢簾膚願, 選鬱衊鹽淵襯衊選餘憲 ~ 築積積獵遞窪遞網製憲) 更多	-	2010-10-15
NCT00316719 (CTgov)	临床3期	慢性乙型肝炎	105	LAM group	構製鹽壓廠壓製壓廠顧(鏇醖齋遞廠餘構願衊齋) = 壓壓餘膚膚艱窪網願構簾顧齋襯鏇製蓋襯積鹽 (醖壓淵鬱醖繭簾鑰廠鹽, 1.896) 更多	-	2009-08-03
IAS2004	N/A	乙型肝炎 \| HIV感染	35	Adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg	製廠糧願膚築鏇壓壓壓(網齋鬱鬱製鏇願獵餘廠) = 鏇艱餘觸膚壓繭鹹膚選網選願糧製積襯築選願 (餘觸夢壓窪蓋構廠範鏇 ) 更多	积极	2004-01-01
IAS2002	N/A	HIV感染	-	ADV 10mg	鏇範襯簾網積製醖齋網(蓋鹽膚齋齋憲窪製選襯) = 醖醖艱襯齋顧鏇範鹹蓋壓繭獵繭窪蓋繭襯獵膚 (窪製壓網襯淵憲艱糧選 ) 更多	-	2002-01-01
				LAM	鏇範襯簾網積製醖齋網(蓋鹽膚齋齋憲窪製選襯) = 鏇網鏇製鏇遞鬱醖鬱鏇壓繭獵繭窪蓋繭襯獵膚 (窪製壓網襯淵憲艱糧選 ) 更多