预约演示
更新于：2025-05-15
Allopurinol
别嘌醇
更新于：2025-05-15
概要
基本信息
简介别嘌醇以商品名Zyloprim® 销售，是一种黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂药物，主要用于降低痛风、复发性草酸钙结石和某些恶性肿瘤患者的尿液和血清尿酸水平。这种药物的作用机制涉及抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶。别嘌醇最早于1966年获得美国FDA批准，由诺华公司研制。它的主要适应症是治疗高尿酸血症，这是一种以血液中尿酸过多为特征的疾病。通过其降低尿酸浓度的能力，别嘌醇一直用于治疗饱受痛风折磨的病人。 |
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-one、1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-4-one、1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-ol + [23] |
靶点 |
作用方式 抑制剂 |
作用机制 XO抑制剂(黄嘌呤脱氢酶抑制剂) |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
首次获批日期 美国 (1966-08-19), |
最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市 |
特殊审评- |
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结构/序列
分子式C5H4N4O |
InChIKeyOFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS号315-30-0 |
关联
272
项与 别嘌醇 相关的临床试验IRCT20110807007244N11
Comparison of the effect of erythropoietin and allopurinol on Prooxidant antioxidant balance, interleukin 6, 8 and 1 in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
IRCT20170609034406N12
The effect of allopurinol in preventing liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
NCT05888233
Allopurinol Improves Diastolic Function in African Americans With Resistant Hypertension
100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的专利（医药）
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11,701
项与 别嘌醇 相关的文献（医药）2025-12-31RENAL FAILURE
Comparative efficacy and safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in chronic kidney disease stage 3–5 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a network meta-analysis
Review
作者: Chen, Lu ; Zhang, Yanyun ; Wang, Yinglin ; Chen, Jiaojiao
OBJECTIVE:
This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness and safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia using a network meta-analysis.
METHODS:
A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted, adhering to PRISMA-NMA guidelines. Searches included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases up to June 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies were assessed for methodological rigor using GRADE.
RESULTS:
A total of 12 RCTs and 4 cohort studies (n = 2,423 participants) were included. Febuxostat was associated with greater improvements in estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to allopurinol (MD, 4.99 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95%CI -0.65 to 10.78; certainty: low) and placebo (MD, 4.72 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95%CI 0.67 to 8.82; low). Serum uric acid reduction was also more pronounced with febuxostat (MD, -0.61 mg/dL; 95%CI -1.15 to -0.05; moderate). Safety outcomes, including major cardiovascular events and adverse events, showed no significant differences between febuxostat and allopurinol. Subgroup analyses revealed enhanced effectiveness of febuxostat at six months of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:
This analysis provides robust evidence that febuxostat might offers greater improvements in kidney function and uric acid levels compared to allopurinol or placebo in asymptomatic hyperuricemia with CKD stage 3-5 patients, without compromising safety. These findings can guide clinical decision-making and treatment optimization.
2025-10-01JOINT BONE SPINE
Addition of allopurinol to traditional Vietnamese medicine shows major improvement of 100 gout patients in a single center one-year prospective study
Article
作者: Nguyen, Quang Huy ; Tran, Khoi ; Dalbeth, Nicola ; Bausson, Valérie ; Tran, Chuc ; Huynh, Dai ; Richette, Pascal ; Resche-Rigon, Matthieu ; Bardin, Thomas ; Do, Minh ; Nguyen, Quang Dinh
OBJECTIVES:
Gout is frequently severe in Vietnam, where urate-lowering drugs (ULDs) are seldom used and many patients are treated only with traditional herbal medicine. We assessed the addition of Western medicine on severe gout in Vietnamese people.
METHODS:
One hundred Vietnamese, ULD-free, crystal-proven gout patients with a GFR>60mL/min, were prospectively followed for 1year after allopurinol initiation. The treatment protocol included allopurinol given according to the 2016 EULAR recommendations, flare prophylaxis with colchicine during the first months, and traditional herbal medicine. At each visit, gout flares were counted by a daily diary, digital foot photographs were taken for semi-quantitative tophus scoring, serum urate (SU) was measured. Ultrasound (US) scan was performed at baseline, 6 and 12months for double contour (DC) and index tophus measurement. Quality of life (Gout Impact Score [GIS]) and function were recorded at inclusion and after 12months. Foot gout radiographic erosion scores were obtained at baseline, 6 and 12months. Outcomes were compared in patients who had reached SU targets at 3months and those who did not.
RESULTS:
Patients' median age and disease duration were 47 and 8years respectively, 91 had clinical tophi and 70 foot gouty erosions. Eighty-four patients were seen at 6months and 68 at 12months. Allopurinol dosage was progressively increased to a median of 600mg/d. Significant improvement of flare rates at M6 and M12, and of GIS and function at M12 were noted and did not associate with SU targets. Tophi (assessed by photograph and US measurements) and DC sign significantly decreased from M6 in association with achievement of<300μmol/L SU target. Foot erosion scores significantly decreased with no association with SU targets. Mild skin rash to allopurinol developed in 7 patients.
CONCLUSION:
This one-year open study tested a global gout care delivery model in which treat to uricemia target allopurinol, Western medicine self-treatment of flares, and patient education were added to a background of traditional herbal medicine in a Vietnamese population where gout is traditionally treated with herbal medicine. This shift in practice resulted in dramatic gout improvement.
2025-08-01Current Drug Safety
Carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report with Review of the Literature
Article
作者: S, Nirenjen ; T., Tamilanban ; Manavalan, Mohankumar ; Raja, Sangeetha ; Subramanian, Arunkumar ; Haitharali, Rajamohamed ; Gnanasekaran, Sabariakilesh ; Dhanasekaran, Sivaraman
Background::
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is an infrequent yet severe mucocutaneous
reaction that involves less than 10% of the Body Surface Area (BSA). It is predominantly
induced by certain medications, including anticonvulsants (e.g., Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine,
Phenytoin, Phenobarbitone), Allopurinol at doses above 100 mg per day, and sulphonamides
(e.g., Cotrimoxazole, Sulfasalazine). Genetic predispositions, particularly the presence of the
HLA-B*1502 allele, significantly increase the risk of developing SJS. This case report discusses
a unique presentation of SJS in a young female patient, emphasizing the critical need for genetic
screening and careful monitoring when prescribing Carbamazepine, especially in populations at
higher genetic risk.
Case Presentation::
A 19-year-old female patient, who had been on Phenytoin and Sodium
Valproate for epilepsy management over the past year, was newly prescribed Carbamazepine.
Within a week of initiating Carbamazepine, the patient experienced a seizure, followed by the
sudden onset of fever, painful sores, and blisters covering the upper body, along with mucous
discharge from both eyes. These symptoms rapidly worsened. Based on clinical presentations
and the extent of epidermal detachment, the patient was diagnosed with SJS. The severity and
mortality risks were assessed using the SCORTEN score. Therapeutic interventions included intravenous
Ranitidine, Ondansetron, Paracetamol, Midazolam, Levetiracetam, and Dexamethasone,
along with oral Fluconazole, Chlorpheniramine tablets, and Ciprofloxacin eye drops.
The patient showed significant improvement and was discharged after fourteen days with followup
advice.
Conclusion::
This case underscores the critical importance of performing genetic testing for the
HLA-B*1502 allele and conducting baseline blood tests before initiating Carbamazepine therapy.
Such precautionary measures can significantly mitigate the risk of severe adverse reactions
like SJS. This report adds to the scientific literature by highlighting the potential dangers associated
with anticonvulsant therapies and the necessity for personalized medicine approaches in
preventing life-threatening conditions. The main takeaway is the pivotal role of genetic screening
and vigilant monitoring in the management of patients requiring anticonvulsant medications to
prevent serious adverse reactions.
100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的药物交易
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研发状态
批准上市
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 痛风 | 中国 | 1985-01-01 | |
| 肾石病 | 中国 | 1985-01-01 | |
| 高尿酸血症 | 美国 | 1966-08-19 |
未上市
10 条进展最快的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 最高研发状态 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 急性心肌梗塞 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2005-07-01 | |
| 糖尿病 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2005-07-01 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 美国 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 阿根廷 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 澳大利亚 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 奥地利 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 保加利亚 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 加拿大 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 德国 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 墨西哥 | 2020-05-19 |
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临床结果
临床结果
适应症
分期
评价
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N/A | 炎症性肠病 6-TGN | 6-MMP | FC (fecal calprotectin) | 237 | Low-dose azathioprine plus allopurinol | 簾網糧繭構蓋鹽顧鏇遞(壓築獵醖願製艱鏇觸夢): OR = 2.46 (95% CI, 1.43 ~ 4.25), P-Value = 0.001 | 积极 | 2024-10-13 | |
Azathioprine monotherapy | |||||||
N/A | - | - | Allopurinol + hydration | 糧衊艱獵艱鹽願顧醖衊(鹽蓋淵夢醖獵艱範淵蓋) = 鑰選鹹願窪顧構積艱構 淵簾遞鹹齋餘窪窪觸顧 (糧衊蓋鑰製構壓齋範窪 ) | - | 2024-08-31 | |
(Hydration only) | 糧衊艱獵艱鹽願顧醖衊(鹽蓋淵夢醖獵艱範淵蓋) = 醖襯簾餘顧窪艱淵網壓 淵簾遞鹹齋餘窪窪觸顧 (糧衊蓋鑰製構壓齋範窪 ) | ||||||
临床2期 | 159 | 鹽夢淵淵鹽範觸餘衊製(願鹽獵觸衊鹽淵構衊鏇) = 襯構簾壓範築繭醖觸憲 蓋簾艱顧築蓋淵獵鬱齋 (蓋夢鏇製顧衊廠醖鏇膚, -0.56 ~ 1.10) 更多 | 不佳 | 2024-08-14 | |||
鹽夢淵淵鹽範觸餘衊製(願鹽獵觸衊鹽淵構衊鏇) = 築鑰鏇繭鹽顧膚遞構築 蓋簾艱顧築蓋淵獵鬱齋 (蓋夢鏇製顧衊廠醖鏇膚, -1.03 ~ 0.69) 更多 | |||||||
N/A | fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) | 1,465 | 壓壓選簾糧鏇鹹壓顧選(夢顧艱遞獵鹽艱獵網顧) = 廠鏇醖鏇網鏇遞製壓獵 齋鏇簾憲築淵築襯築獵 (築鏇淵夢網餘願積觸繭 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2024-06-05 | ||
壓壓選簾糧鏇鹹壓顧選(夢顧艱遞獵鹽艱獵網顧) = 構淵製觸廠鏇餘膚選憲 齋鏇簾憲築淵築襯築獵 (築鏇淵夢網餘願積觸繭 ) | |||||||
N/A | 慢性肾病 serum uric acid levels ≥6 mg/dl | 5,000 | 膚壓簾觸廠齋衊衊網鑰(艱窪網積選觸鹽鑰窪醖) = 壓齋鹽鹹構衊觸願獵夢 網願獵膚積廠襯簾網醖 (淵艱襯築構鑰獵糧淵願 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2024-04-01 | ||
N/A | - | - | (Asian patients) | 夢鏇鬱積蓋構膚齋醖積(廠淵襯網齋積製遞獵廠) = 鹹醖製糧願築遞獵範製 網蓋艱廠廠築網壓選膚 (淵願壓齋構憲憲鹽糧鹹 ) | - | 2023-11-12 | |
(Black patients) | 夢鏇鬱積蓋構膚齋醖積(廠淵襯網齋積製遞獵廠) = 襯壓鹽淵築襯願顧襯鏇 網蓋艱廠廠築網壓選膚 (淵願壓齋構憲憲鹽糧鹹 ) | ||||||
临床2期 | 34 | (Allopurinol) | 鏇鑰夢選鏇遞窪淵鏇網(憲築膚鹹淵鏇製製網齋) = 廠獵壓鹹憲夢選築網選 遞繭餘鬱繭選憲鹹憲簾 (醖襯壓繭選淵製製遞醖, 1.47) 更多 | - | 2023-07-03 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | 鏇鑰夢選鏇遞窪淵鏇網(憲築膚鹹淵鏇製製網齋) = 獵襯醖膚鬱夢構築鏇糧 遞繭餘鬱繭選憲鹹憲簾 (醖襯壓繭選淵製製遞醖, 1.04) 更多 | ||||||
临床2期 | 159 | Placebo for verinurad | 廠廠願構夢範衊顧衊構(餘艱淵艱鹽淵網衊衊簾) = 襯遞壓衊齋製範選夢築 廠鬱鑰艱網顧鹽壓廠選 (鏇積夢鑰鏇膚艱積顧積, 衊繭願鹽願膚構齋淵餘 ~ 築蓋鬱廠襯夢蓋醖網積) 更多 | - | 2023-06-29 | ||
N/A | 194 | Allopurinol users | 膚淵餘淵築艱觸遞遞繭(憲簾築繭繭衊製膚憲餘) = 廠繭窪選齋鹹廠鬱鬱範 遞艱鬱鹹獵醖鬱願襯淵 (鹽艱餘糧簾積廠顧觸觸, 6.20 ~ 7.80) | 积极 | 2023-06-01 | ||
(Control group) | 膚淵餘淵築艱觸遞遞繭(憲簾築繭繭衊製膚憲餘) = 餘選鬱齋膚鹹壓鬱網鹽 遞艱鬱鹹獵醖鬱願襯淵 (鹽艱餘糧簾積廠顧觸觸, 6.60 ~ 8.40) | ||||||
N/A | 298 | 築夢蓋製網構醖醖範餘(蓋獵鏇蓋範衊夢壓遞齋) = 艱遞襯艱範襯憲簾鬱憲 製遞窪鹽積築遞鏇醖繭 (構餘鏇構夢觸蓋壓選構, -1.76 ~ 1.56) | 不佳 | 2023-06-01 | |||
築夢蓋製網構醖醖範餘(蓋獵鏇蓋範衊夢壓遞齋) = 選衊觸範繭遞艱鹽簾淵 製遞窪鹽積築遞鏇醖繭 (構餘鏇構夢觸蓋壓選構, -4.20 ~ 2.67) |
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