aromatase

Novartis’ Kisqali (ribociclib) has been recommended by the European Medicines Agency’s human medicines committee to reduce the risk of recurrence in early breast cancer patients. The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended that the drug be used in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as an adjuvant treatment for adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence, including those with node-negative disease. The CHMP’s recommendation comes just one month after the US Food and Drug Administration approved Kisqali in this setting and was supported by positive results from the late-stage NATALEE trial. Adjuvant Kisqali plus endocrine therapy reduced the risk of cancer recurrence by 25.1% compared to endocrine therapy alone in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative stage 2 and 3 early breast cancer, and demonstrated a consistent, clinically meaningful invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) benefit across key pre-specified subgroups. Data from an updated analysis of the trial, presented at this year’s European Society for Medical Oncology Congress, also showed a deepening iDFS benefit beyond the three-year treatment period in all patient subgroups. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe and HR-positive/HER2-negative disease accounts for approximately 70% of all cases. Already approved in the EU for certain cases of advanced or metastatic breast cancer, Kisqali is designed to inhibit the CDK4/6 proteins which, when over-activated, can enable cancer cells to grow and divide too quickly. The European Commission will now consider the CHMP’s recommendation as it makes a final decision on Kisqali in this indication, expected within approximately two months. Patrick Horber, president, international at Novartis, said: “Today, many people diagnosed with HR-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer in Europe lack options beyond endocrine therapy to help reduce their risk of cancer coming back. If approved, Kisqali could nearly double the number of patients eligible for CDK4/6 inhibitor adjuvant therapy.” The company outlined that regulatory reviews for Kisqali as an early breast cancer treatment are ongoing globally.

点击上方蓝字 关注我们 编者按：激素受体阳性/人表皮生长因子受体2阴性（HR+/HER2-）乳腺癌是乳腺癌中最常见的亚型之一，约占总体乳腺癌的70%。这类患者晚期一线治疗通常依赖于内分泌治疗联合CDK4/6抑制剂，尽管这一方案显著延长了患者的无进展生存期（PFS），但大部分患者最终会出现耐药，导致疾病进展。因此，寻找新的有效治疗策略，以延长患者的生存期并提高生活质量，成为医学界亟待解决的问题。近年来，随着分子生物学研究的深入，PAM（PI3K/AKT/mTOR）信号通路在乳腺癌发生发展中的重要性逐渐凸显，为HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌的治疗提供了新的靶点。肿瘤瞭望特邀重庆医科大学附属第一医院甘露教授从HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌的治疗现状与挑战、PAM通路的重要性、后CDK4/6抑制剂时代患者治疗新选择等方面，深入探讨HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌患者的未来之路。 一、HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌的治疗现状与挑战 乳腺癌是全球女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，2020年中国乳腺癌新发病例41.6万例，死亡病例约11.7万例。在每年新发乳腺癌患者中，约3%～10%的患者在确诊时即有远处转移。早期患者中约有30%可发展为晚期乳腺癌，晚期乳腺癌患者5年生存率仅为20%，中位总生存时间为2～3年[1]。HR+/HER2-乳腺癌约占总体乳腺癌的70%，内分泌治疗是其重要治疗选择[2]。PALOMA、MONARCH、MONALIEESA、DAWAN等一系列研究显示[3-7]，CDK4/6抑制剂（哌柏西利、阿贝西利、瑞波西利和达尔西利）联合内分泌治疗，能显著提高乳腺癌患者的治疗敏感性，延长患者的生存时间。目前CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗已成为HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌（不合并内脏危象）患者的一线治疗优选方案。 CDK4/6抑制剂联合芳香化酶抑制剂（aromatase inhibitor, AI）的临床研究结果显示（MONALEESA-2研究、PALOMA-2研究、MONARCH-3研究和DAWNA-2），一线使用 CDK4/6抑制剂联合AI后无进展生存期（PFS）约为2年左右（各研究结果存在差异），与AI单药相比，CDK4/6抑制剂联合AI方案均显著降低疾病进展风险近50%[2]。但CDK4/6抑制剂失败后的治疗选择是临床治疗难题，国内外指南无标准治疗方案推荐，且既往多项研究显示，与PAM通路正常的乳腺癌患者相比，存在通路基因改变者肿瘤进展风险更高，DFS及OS更差。 二、PAM通路的重要性 磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphoinositide 3-kinase，PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase，AKT）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin，mTOR）信号转导通路（简称PAM通路）的过度活化广泛存在于各类癌种，包括乳腺癌、肺癌、头颈部肿瘤、子宫内膜癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌等，调节肿瘤细胞存活、增殖、分化、凋亡等多种过程，从而对肿瘤的发生、发展起到关键性作用[8-9]。PAM信号通路过度激活是内分泌治疗、化疗、靶向治疗耐药的重要机制之一，不仅使乳腺癌细胞适应雌激素剥夺，通过多药耐药相关蛋白和抗凋亡作用促进化疗耐药，还通过激活PAM信号通路相关蛋白参与CDK4/6抑制剂和抗HER2治疗耐药的发生[10]。 尽管HR+/HER2-乳腺癌细胞对CDK4/6抑制剂耐药的机制多种多样，但PAM信号通路表达上调是常见的，在HR+乳腺癌中，约30%～40%的患者存在PAM信号通路被激活的现象[11]，因此，PAM信号通路可能成为逆转耐药性的重要靶点[12]。一项针对中国乳腺癌患者的研究显示，PAM通路突变率高达62.6%，高于欧美人群，其中PIK3CA突变率为45%，这些突变的数量和位置对患者的预后有显著影响[13]。 三、CDK4/6抑制剂后的新选择 在CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗成为HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌一线治疗优选方案后，对于治疗进展后出现耐药的患者，医学界一直在探索新的治疗方案。目前，化疗仍是治疗选择之一，但仅能带来中位4～5个月的PFS[14-15]，且接受化疗的患者会出现众多不良反应，严重影响患者生活质量。针对CDK4/6抑制剂跨线治疗的探索由来已久，但目前仅有有限数据支持CDK4/6抑制剂跨线治疗，且只有postMONARCH这一项III期研究显示了PFS获益（6.0个月 vs 5.3个月）[16]。 PAM通路抑制剂的出现，为CDK4/6抑制剂耐药后的患者提供了新的治疗选择。PI3K位于PAM信号通路上游，在该通路中扮演着重要角色[17]。PIK3CA突变可以异常激活PI3K通路，促进肿瘤的增殖、转移和侵袭，因此，PI3K通路为治疗靶点成为了PIK3CA突变乳腺癌患者的重要治疗手段，这为PIK3CA突变型HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌患者带来新的治疗希望。多项研究显示了PI3K抑制剂可为PIK3CA突变人群带来更长的PFS获益，2024版NCCN指南推荐对于PIK3CA突变的HR+/HER2-绝经后乳腺癌患者，二线治疗首选PI3K抑制剂联合内分泌治疗（Ⅰ级推荐）。 AKT位于PAM通路的核心位置，其异常激活在乳腺癌的发生与发展中起着重要作用。AKT信号通路的激活可以通过多种机制实现，包括PIK3CA的激活突变、PTEN的失活突变以及上游信号通路的异常激活等。AKT一旦被激活，可磷酸化细胞核和细胞质中的许多靶点并激活多个具有调控细胞增殖功能的下游底物，从而促进肿瘤细胞生长、增殖和血管生成。此外，AKT通过抑制促凋亡基因Bcl-2家族成员BAD和BAX、负向调节FOXO等叉头转录因子等机制促进肿瘤细胞存活并抑制其凋亡[11]。AKT抑制剂相关研究正在大量开展中。 mTOR是PAM信号通路的关键下游效应分子，通过其两个不同的复合体mTORC1和mTORC2，调控多种细胞内过程。mTOR信号通路的异常激活在约30%的癌症中被发现,对肿瘤的发生、发展和转移起着重要的促进作用。mTOR过度激活会增加促癌蛋白的翻译，直接影响细胞生长、迁移和血管新生等过程。mTOR通过影响细胞周期、生长、存活和代谢等多个方面来促进肿瘤进展，在乳腺癌中，mTOR通路的异常在约70%的病例中被发现[18]。我国一项多中心回顾性研究数据显示，在CDK4/6抑制剂哌柏西利治疗进展后的HR/HER2-晚期乳腺癌患者中，应用内分泌治疗联合mTOR抑制剂依维莫司的患者中位PFS获益达5.1个月[19]。 四、未来展望 随着分子生物学研究的不断深入和精准医疗理念的逐渐普及，针对PAM通路的精准治疗为HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌患者带来了新的希望。通过检测PAM通路的突变状态，并结合患者的临床特征，临床医生可以为患者制定更加个体化的治疗方案。这不仅有助于延长患者的生存期，还能提高患者的生活质量。同时，NCCN、CSCO等国内外权威指南也将PI3K抑制剂、AKT抑制剂和mTOR抑制剂依维莫司纳入到了HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌患者的治疗药物推荐之中，但基于药物可及性及或内获批相关原因，目前在CSCO指南中对HR+晚期乳腺癌TAM治疗失败、非甾体类AI治疗失败及甾体类AI治疗失败的患者均II级推荐依维莫司联合内分泌治疗，而对于CDK4/6抑制剂治疗失败的患者，目前暂无I级推荐，在III级推荐中提及AKT抑制剂+内分泌治疗。 △2024版CSCO BC指南HR+晚期乳腺癌的解救内分泌治疗相关推荐* *指南内容涉及AZ未获批产品/适应症，阿斯利康不推荐任何未获批药品/适应症的使用。 未来，随着更多针对PAM信号通路抑制剂的研发和临床应用，HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌的治疗将更加精准和有效。同时，也期待更多的基础研究能够揭示PAM通路在乳腺癌发生与发展中的具体机制，为新药的研发提供理论依据，为HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌患者带来更多新的治疗希望。 甘露 教授 重庆医科大学附属第一医院 中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会常委 中国抗癌协会肿瘤临床研究管理学专委会常委 中国抗癌协会肿瘤科普防治专业委员会委员 中国抗癌协会肿瘤临床化疗专业委员会委员 重庆市抗癌协会肿瘤心理学专业委员会副主任委员 重庆市医学会乳腺病分会常委 重庆市肿瘤医疗质量控制中心乳腺癌诊疗专家组成员 审批编号CN-145761 过期日期 2025-10-18 *本材料由阿斯利康提供，仅供医疗卫生专业人士参考 参考文献 上下滑动查看更多内容 [1]、国家肿瘤质控中心乳腺癌专家委员会, 中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会, 中国抗癌协会肿瘤药物临床研究专业委员会. 中国晚期乳腺癌规范诊疗指南(2022版)[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2022, 44(12):1262-1287.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20221007-00680. [2]、国家肿瘤质控中心乳腺癌专家委员会, 中国抗癌协会肿瘤药物临床研究专业委员会. CDK4/6抑制剂治疗激素受体阳性人表皮生长因子受体2阴性乳腺癌临床应用专家共识(2023版)[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2023, 45(12):1003-1017.lDOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20230428-00188. [3]、Cristofanilli, Massimo et al. “Fulvestrant plus palbociclib versus fulvestrant plus placebo for treatment of hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer that progressed on previous endocrine therapy (PALOMA-3): final analysis of the multicentre, double-blind, phase 3 randomised controlled trial.” The Lancet. Oncology vol. 17,4 (2016): 425-439. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00613-0 [4]、Goetz, Matthew P et al. “MONARCH 3: Abemaciclib As Initial Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology vol. 35,32 (2017): 3638-3646. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.75.6155 [5]、Slamon, Dennis J et al. “Phase III Randomized Study of Ribociclib and Fulvestrant in Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: MONALEESA-3.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology vol. 36,24 (2018): 2465-2472. doi:10.1200/JCO.2018.78.9909 [6]、Tripathy, Debu et al. “Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, advanced breast cancer (MONALEESA-7): a randomised phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology vol. 19,7 (2018): 904-915. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30292-4 [7]、Xu B, Zhang Q, Zhang P, et al. Dalpiciclib or placebo plus fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: a randomized, phase 3 trial. Nat Med. 2021;27(11):1904-1909. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01562-9 [8]、Dey, Nandini et al. “PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors in breast cancers: From tumor cell signaling to clinical trials.” Pharmacology & therapeutics vol. 175 (2017): 91-106. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.037 [9]、Castaneda, Carlos A et al. “The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway in breast cancer.” Cancer metastasis reviews vol. 29,4 (2010): 751-9. doi:10.1007/s10555-010-9261-0 [10]、中国抗癌协会肿瘤药物临床研究专业委员会, 国家肿瘤质控中心乳腺癌专家委员会, 中国抗癌协会肿瘤病理专业委员会, 等. PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制剂治疗乳腺癌临床应用专家共识[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2022, 44(7):673-692.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20220412-00251. [11]、姚荟斌 ，赵伟鹏，史业辉. CDK4/6抑制剂治疗晚期乳腺癌的研究进展. [J].《天津医科大学学报》2021，27（5）：549 [12]、O'Brien, Neil A et al. “Targeting activated PI3K/mTOR signaling overcomes acquired resistance to CDK4/6-based therapies in preclinical models of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.” Breast cancer research : BCR vol. 22,1 89. 14 Aug. 2020, doi:10.1186/s13058-020-01320-8 [13]、Xiao, Weikai et al. “Mutational Landscape of PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapeutics.” Journal of Cancer vol. 12,14 4408-4417. 27 May. 2021, doi:10.7150/jca.52993 [14]、Kaufman, Peter A et al. “Phase III open-label randomized study of eribulin mesylate versus capecitabine in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology vol. 33,6 (2015): 594-601. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.52.4892 [15]、Li, Yi et al. “A multicenter analysis of treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of subsequent therapies after progression on palbociclib in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.” Therapeutic advances in medical oncology vol. 13 17588359211022890. 11 Jun. 2021, doi:10.1177/17588359211022890 [16]、Kevin Kalinsky, et al. Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant vs fulvestrant alone for HR+, HER2- advanced breast cancer following progression on a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor plus endocrine therapy: Primary outcome of the phase 3 postMONARCH trial. 2024 ASCO abstract LBA1001. [17]、Vanhaesebroeck, Bart et al. “PI3K signalling: the path to discovery and understanding.” Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology vol. 13,3 195-203. 23 Feb. 2012, doi:10.1038/nrm3290 [18]、Marafie, Sulaiman K et al. “mTOR: Its Critical Role in Metabolic Diseases, Cancer, and the Aging Process.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 25,11 6141. 2 Jun. 2024, doi:10.3390/ijms25116141 [19]、Mo H, et al. Real-World Outcomes of Everolimus and Exemestane for the Treatment of Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer in Patients Previously Treated With CDK4/6 Inhibitors. Clin Breast Cancer. 2022 Feb;22(2):143-148. （来源：《肿瘤瞭望》编辑部） 声 明 凡署名原创的文章版权属《肿瘤瞭望》所有，欢迎分享、转载。本文仅供医疗卫生专业人士了解最新医药资讯参考使用，不代表本平台观点。该等信息不能以任何方式取代专业的医疗指导，也不应被视为诊疗建议，如果该信息被用于资讯以外的目的，本站及作者不承担相关责任。

Ribociclib (Kisqali) plus aromatase inhibitor (AI) recommended for HR+/HER2- early breast cancer (EBC) node-positive and high-risk node-negative patients, as studied in the NATALEE trial and indicated by the FDA1 Recommendation comes after recent FDA approval and positive CHMP Opinion for ribociclib (Kisqali) to help reduce the risk of recurrence in EBC Ribociclib (Kisqali) is also the only Category 1 preferred CDK4/6 inhibitor for first-line treatment of patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer in combination with an AI1 EAST HANOVER, N.J., Oct. 24, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- This month, the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for breast cancer were updated to recommend ribociclib (Kisqali®) as a Category 1 preferred CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) adjuvant therapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC) in combination with an aromatase inhibitor (AI)1. Ribociclib (Kisqali) is the only CDK4/6i recommended for both all node-positive disease as well as for patients with no nodal involvement with high-risk disease characteristics, such as tumor size >5 cm, or for tumors sized 2-5 cm, either Grade 2 with high genomic risk/Ki-67 ≥20% or Grade 31. "These evidence-based guidelines are helpful to clinicians when determining optimal treatment options for patients," said Shreeram Aradhye, M.D., President, Development and Chief Medical Officer, Novartis. "Importantly, the NCCN Guideline recommendation of ribociclib in this broad population reaffirms the importance of offering eligible patients with early breast cancer, including those with limited nodal involvement and high-risk N0 disease, a CDK4/6i treatment like ribociclib in addition to endocrine therapy to reduce their risk of recurrence." A Category 1 recommendation by the NCCN Guidelines indicates high levels of clinical evidence and uniform consensus among NCCN on ribociclib (Kisqali) as an appropriate treatment for these patients. This recommendation comes after the presentation of longer-term results from the Phase III NATALEE trial at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2024, which showed a deepening efficacy benefit beyond the Kisqali treatment duration in a broad population of patients, including those with node-negative disease; as well as the recent FDA approval and CHMP positive opinion for Kisqali in the EBC indication2. The updated guidelines, consistent with the FDA indication per the NATALEE trial, approximately double the number of patients that could benefit from treatment with a CDK4/6i in the adjuvant setting3. NCCN Guidelines also continue to recommend ribociclib (Kisqali) as the only Category 1 preferred CDK4/6i for first-line treatment of patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer in combination with an AI; ribociclib (Kisqali) is also recommended as a Category 1 preferred regimen for first- and subsequent-line therapies** in HR+/HER2- MBC in combination with fulvestrant1. To access NCCN Guidelines, visit . * Adjuvant treatment with Kisqali has only been studied in high-risk patients. ** If CDK4/6 inhibitor was not previously used. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way. About Kisqali® (ribociclib) Kisqali ® (ribociclib) is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, a class of drugs that help slow the progression of cancer by inhibiting two proteins called cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6). These proteins, when over-activated, can enable cancer cells to grow and divide too quickly. Targeting CDK4/6 with enhanced precision may play a role in ensuring that cancer cells do not continue to replicate uncontrollably. In addition to the recent FDA approval of Kisqali for EBC patients in the US and CHMP positive opinion in Europe, regulatory reviews for Kisqali as an EBC treatment are ongoing worldwide. Kisqali has been approved as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients in 99 countries worldwide, including by the US FDA and the European Commission4,5. In the US, Kisqali is indicated for the treatment of adults with HR+/HER2- advanced or MBC in combination with an AI as initial ET or fulvestrant as initial ET or following disease progression on ET in post-menopausal women or in men4. In MBC, Kisqali has consistently demonstrated statistically significant overall survival benefit across three Phase III trials6-16. Kisqali was developed by Novartis under a research collaboration with Astex Pharmaceuticals. Please see full Prescribing Information for Kisqali, available at About Novartis in Breast Cancer For more than 35 years, Novartis has been at the forefront of driving scientific advancements for people touched by breast cancer and improving clinical practice in collaboration with the global community. With one of the most comprehensive breast cancer portfolios and pipeline, Novartis leads the industry in discovery of new therapies and combinations in HR+/HER2- breast cancer, the most common form of the disease. Indication What is KISQALI? KISQALI® (ribociclib) is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer: in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for stage II and III early breast cancer with a high risk of coming back that has gotten worse or has spread to other parts of the body (advanced or metastatic breast cancer) in combination with: an aromatase inhibitor as the first endocrine-based therapy; or fulvestrant as the first endocrine-based therapy or following disease progression on endocrine therapy It is not known if KISQALI is safe and effective in children. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION KISQALI may cause serious side effects, including: Lung problems. KISQALI may cause severe or life-threatening inflammation of the lungs during treatment that may lead to death. Tell your health care provider right away if you have any new or worsening symptoms, including: trouble breathing or shortness of breath cough with or without mucus chest pain Severe skin reactions. Tell your health care provider or get medical help right away if you get severe rash or rash that keeps getting worse; reddened skin; flu-like symptoms; skin pain or burning, blistering of the lips, eyes, or mouth, blisters on the skin or skin peeling, with or without fever. Heart rhythm problems (QT prolongation). KISQALI can cause a heart problem known as QT prolongation. This condition can cause an abnormal heartbeat and may lead to death. Your health care provider should check your heart and do blood tests before and during treatment with KISQALI Tell your health care provider right away if you have a change in your heartbeat (a fast or irregular heartbeat), or if you feel dizzy or faint Liver problems. KISQALI can cause serious liver problems. Your health care provider should do blood tests to check your liver before and during treatment with KISQALI. Tell your health care provider right away if you get any of the following signs and symptoms of liver problems: yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice) dark or brown (tea-colored) urine feeling very tired loss of appetite pain on the upper right side of your stomach area (abdomen) bleeding or bruising more easily than normal Low white blood cell counts (neutropenia). Low white blood cell counts are very common during treatment with KISQALI and may result in infections that may be severe. Your health care provider should check your white blood cell counts before and during treatment with KISQALI. Tell your health care provider right away if you have signs and symptoms of low white blood cell counts or infections, such as fever and chills. Your health care provider may tell you to decrease your dose, temporarily stop, or completely stop taking KISQALI if you develop certain serious side effects during treatment with KISQALI. What should I tell my health care provider before taking KISQALI? Before you take KISQALI, tell your health care provider if you: have any heart problems, including heart failure, irregular heartbeats, and QT prolongation have ever had a heart attack have a slow heartbeat (bradycardia) have high blood pressure that is not controlled have decreased thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) have problems with the amount of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, or magnesium in your blood have fever, chills, or any other signs or symptoms of infection have liver problems have kidney problems are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. KISQALI can harm your unborn baby If you are able to become pregnant, your health care provider should do a pregnancy test before you start treatment with KISQALI Females who are able to become pregnant and who take KISQALI should use effective birth control during treatment and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose of KISQALI Talk to your health care provider about birth control methods that may be right for you during this time If you become pregnant or think you are pregnant, tell your health care provider right away are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if KISQALI passes into your breast milk. Do not breastfeed during treatment with KISQALI and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose of KISQALI Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. KISQALI and other medicines may affect each other, causing side effects. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your health care provider or pharmacist when you get a new medicine. What should I avoid while taking KISQALI? Avoid eating grapefruit and avoid drinking grapefruit juice during treatment with KISQALI since these may increase the amount of KISQALI in your blood. The most common side effects of KISQALI in people with early breast cancer include: decreased white blood cell counts decreased red blood cell counts increased liver function tests infections increased kidney function test decreased platelet counts nausea headache tiredness The most common side effects of KISQALI in people with advanced or metastatic breast cancer include: decreased white blood cell counts decreased red blood cell counts increased liver function tests infections nausea increased kidney function test tiredness decreased platelet counts diarrhea vomiting headache constipation hair loss cough rash back pain low blood sugar level KISQALI may cause fertility problems in males, which may affect your ability to father a child. Talk to your health care provider if this is a concern for you. Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of KISQALI. For more information, ask your health care provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit , or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information including Patient Information . Disclaimer This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by words such as "potential," "can," "will," "plan," "may," "could," "would," "expect," "anticipate," "look forward," "believe," "committed," "investigational," "pipeline," "launch," or similar terms, or by express or implied discussions regarding potential marketing approvals, new indications or labeling for the investigational or approved products described in this press release, or regarding potential future revenues from such products. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations regarding future events, and are subject to significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. There can be no guarantee that the investigational or approved products described in this press release will be submitted or approved for sale or for any additional indications or labeling in any market, or at any particular time. Nor can there be any guarantee that such products will be commercially successful in the future. In particular, our expectations regarding such products could be affected by, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including clinical trial results and additional analysis of existing clinical data; regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; global trends toward health care cost containment, including government, payor and general public pricing and reimbursement pressures and requirements for increased pricing transparency; our ability to obtain or maintain proprietary intellectual property protection; the particular prescribing preferences of physicians and patients; general political, economic and business conditions, including the effects of and efforts to mitigate pandemic diseases; safety, quality, data integrity or manufacturing issues; potential or actual data security and data privacy breaches, or disruptions of our information technology systems, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AG's current Form 20-F on file with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Novartis is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. About Novartis Novartis is an innovative medicines company. Every day, we work to reimagine medicine to improve and extend people's lives so that patients, healthcare professionals and societies are empowered in the face of serious disease. Our medicines reach more than 250 million people worldwide. Reimagine medicine with us: Visit us at and , and connect with us on LinkedIn, LinkedIn US, Facebook, X/Twitter, X/Twitter US and Instagram. References NCCN Guidelines. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) - Breast Cancer. Accessed October 2024. Fasching PA. Adjuvant Ribociclib (RIB) Plus Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor (NSAI) in Patients (Pts) With HR+/HER2− Early Breast Cancer (EBC): 4-Year Outcomes From the NATALEE Trial. LBA13. Proffered Paper presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology Congress; September 16, 2024; Barcelona, Spain. Tarantino P, Rugo HS, Curigliano G, et al. Characteristics of real-world NATALEE and monarchE eligible populations: A US electronic health records database analysis. Poster presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology Congress; September 13-17, 2024; Barcelona, Spain. Kisqali (ribociclib) Prescribing information. East Hanover, New Jersey, USA: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; October 2024. Kisqali. Summary of product characteristics (SmPC). Novartis Europharm Limited; 2017. Accessed September 2024. . Yardley DA, Yap YS, et al. Pooled exploratory analysis of survival in patients (pts) with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) and visceral metastases (mets) treated with ribociclib (RIB) + endocrine therapy (ET) in the MONALEESA (ML) trials. Poster presented at the European Society of Medical Oncology Congress; September 9-13, 2022; Paris, France. Neven P, Fasching PA, et al. Updated overall survival (OS) results from the first-line (1L) population in the Phase III MONALEESA-3 trial of postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with ribociclib (RIB) + fulvestrant (FUL). Mini oral presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology Breast Cancer Congress; May 4, 2022; Paris, France. Hortobagyi GN, Stemmer SM, Burris HA, et al. Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(10):942-950. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2114663 Hortobagyi GN, et al. Overall survival (OS) results from the phase III MONALEESA (ML)-2 trial of postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with endocrine therapy (ET) ± ribociclib. Proffered paper presented at the European Society of Medical Oncology Congress; September 16-21, 2021; Lugano, Switzerland. Im S-A, Lu Y-S, Bardia A, et al. Overall survival with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(4):307-316. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1903765 Slamon DJ, Neven P, Chia S, et al. Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Fulvestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(6):514-524. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1911149 Slamon DJ, Neven P, Chia S, et al. Overall survival (OS) results of the Phase III MONALEESA-3 trial of postmenopausal patients (pts) with hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor 2–negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with fulvestrant (FUL) ± ribociclib (RIB). Presented at the European Society of Medical Oncology Congress; September 29, 2019; Barcelona, Spain. Slamon DJ, Neven P, Chia S, et al. Updated overall survival (OS) results from the Phase III MONALEESA-3 trial of postmenopausal patients (pts) with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with fulvestrant (FUL) ± ribociclib (RIB. Presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting; June 5, 2021; Chicago, USA. Tripathy D, Im S-A, Colleoni M, et al. Updated overall survival (OS) results from the phase III MONALEESA-7 trial of pre- or perimenopausal patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with endocrine therapy (ET) ± ribociclib. Presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 9, 2020; San Antonio, USA. Yardley D, Nusch A, Yap YS, et al. Overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with advanced breast cancer (ABC) with visceral metastases (mets), including those with liver mets, treated with ribociclib (RIB) plus endocrine therapy (ET) in the MONALEESA (ML) -3 and -7 trials. Presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting; June 2020; Chicago, USA. O'Shaughnessy J, Stemmer SM, Burris HA, et al. Overall survival subgroup analysis by metastatic site from the Phase III MONALEESA-2 study of first-line ribociclib + letroz21ole in postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. Presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 7-10, 2021; San Antonio, USA. 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