The objective was to investigate the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on prevention of the elderly with osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporotic fracture was a common complication of osteoporosis in the elderly. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation had been considered an inexpensive treatment to prevent osteoporotic fracture, however, this viewpoint was not confirmed in subsequent multicenter clin. trials. We had a comprehensive overview of clin. progress, analyzed the relevant factors of the impact effect, and introduced how to avoid bias of the results by the Meta-anal. methods. Integrated with recommendation (calcium and vitamin D supplementation to prevent osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures) from the international authority of academic institutions and Chinese specific situation, we suggested that: (1) calcium and vitamin D supplementation and exercise certainly were effective prevention for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures; (2) the average calcium intake was low (389 mg/day) for Chinese, and all Chinese needed to take calcium and vitamin D supplementation, particularly for the elderly; and (3) calcium and vitamin D supplementation was a prevention and treatment basis for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture, however, the other anti-osteoporosis drugs should be used.