BACKGROUNDPregnancy gingivitis is a common oral health issue that affects both maternal and fetal health. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of periodontal treatment in preventing pregnancy gingivitis, preterm birth, and low birth weight through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).METHODSA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed/Medline databases from 2000 to the present. Study selection and data extraction were independently carried out by two reviewers. Statistical analyses, including heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment, were conducted using RevMan 5.4 and R software.RESULTSA total of 13 studies were included. The meta-analysis indicated that periodontal treatment might have a potential effect on preventing pregnancy gingivitis, but this was not statistically significant (OR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.68, 1.06], I2 = 51%). Subgroup analysis revealed that periodontal treatment significantly reduced the rates of preterm birth and low birth weight in lower-quality studies, but no significant effects were observed in higher-quality studies. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests confirmed the stability and reliability of the results.CONCLUSIONWhile lower-quality studies suggest that periodontal treatment may positively impact pregnancy gingivitis, preterm birth, and low birth weight, these effects were not supported by higher-quality evidence. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings and ensure their reliability. Periodontal treatment could potentially be considered as part of prenatal care to improve maternal oral health and pregnancy outcomes.