更新于：2024-09-19

Slow Virus Diseases

慢病毒疾病

更新于：2024-09-19

基本信息

别名

Disease, Slow Virus、Diseases, Slow Virus、Slow Virus Disease

+ [17]

简介

Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES.

关联

111

项与慢病毒疾病相关的药物

Tabelecleucel

靶点

EBV蛋白

作用机制

EBV蛋白抑制剂 [+1]

在研机构

Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. [+1]

原研机构

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

在研适应症

EBV 相关的移植后淋巴增殖性疾病 [+5]

非在研适应症

EBV病毒血症 [+1]

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批国家/地区

欧盟 [+3]

首次获批日期2022-12-16

Ainuovirine

艾诺韦林

靶点

HIV-1 RT

作用机制

RT抑制剂

在研机构

原研机构

在研适应症

非在研适应症

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批国家/地区

中国

首次获批日期2021-06-25

Albuvirtide

艾博韦泰

靶点

gp41

作用机制

gp41抑制剂 [+1]

在研机构

原研机构

在研适应症

非在研适应症

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批国家/地区

中国

首次获批日期2018-05-23

2,163

项与慢病毒疾病相关的临床试验

NCT06367348 / Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

Mlambe: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Economic and Relationship-Strengthening Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Use in Malawi

With a full-scale randomized control trial, the investigators will evaluate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of Mlambe, an economic and relationship-strengthening intervention that provides incentivized saving accounts, financial literacy training, and relationship skills education to break the cycle of poverty around drinking, strengthen couple support and communication, and reduce heavy drinking among HIV-affected married couples with a partner who drinks alcohol in Malawi.

开始日期2025-01-01

申办/合作机构

The University of California, San Francisco

[+1]

NCT05776381 / Not yet recruiting临床2期IIT

The Impact of an In-consultation Patient Decision Aid on Treatment Choices and Outcomes of Management for Patients With an Unexpected Malignant Colorectal Polyp A Non-randomized Clinical Phase II Study

Management of unexpected malignant colorectal polyps removed endoscopically can be challenging due to the risk of residual tumor and lymphatic spread. International studies have shown that in patients choosing surgical management instead of watchful waiting, 54-82% of bowel resections are without evidence of residual tumor or lymphatic spread. As surgical management entails risks of complications and watchful waiting management entails risks of residual disease or recurrence, a clinical dilemma arises when choosing a management strategy.
Shared decision making (SDM) is a concept that can be used in preference sensitive decision making to facilitate patient involvement, empowerment, and active participation in the decision making process.
This is a clinical multicenter, non-randomized, interventional phase II study involving Danish surgical departments planned to commence in the first quarter of 2024. The aim of the study is to examine whether shared decision making and using a patient decision aid (PtDA) in consultations affects patients' choice of management compared with historical data. The secondary aim is to investigate Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) using questionnaire feedback directly from the patients.

开始日期2024-09-01

申办/合作机构

Vejle Hospital

NCT04512456 / Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

Autonomic and Hemodynamic Responses to Muscular Ergoreflex Activation in People Living With HIV/AIDS: Effects of Exercise Training.

Patients living with HIV (PLWHIV) have compromised muscle metaboreflex, which can cause exercise intolerance. This randomized controlled clinical trial will verify the effects of regular exercise on autonomic and hemodynamic responses to muscle ergoreflex activation in these patients. PLWHIV without regular physical exercise will be randomly assigned into an exercise training or a control group. The exercise training group will undergo regular physical exercise during 12 weeks (60-min session performed 3 times/wk with moderate intensity), while the control group will keep inactive. Another group consisted of inactive HIV-uninfected group will be included. The primary endpoints will be blood pressure and autonomic markers in response to the Stroop Color-Word Test and the activation of muscle ergoreflex, by means of the post-exercise circulatory arrest (PECA), which will be performed with and without the topical application of a capsaicin-based analgesic balm. Secondary endpoints will include heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood lactate concentration, anthropometrics, and handgrip strength. The active and inactive PLWHIV groups will be evaluated before and after the exercise training, while the healthy group only at baseline.

开始日期2024-08-01

申办/合作机构

Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro

100 项与慢病毒疾病相关的临床结果

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100 项与慢病毒疾病相关的转化医学

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0 项与慢病毒疾病相关的专利（医药）

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112,715

项与慢病毒疾病相关的文献（医药）

2024-12-01·Journal of biological dynamics

Optimal control strategies on HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection with mathematical modelling approach.

Article

作者: Shewafera Wondimagegnhu Teklu ; Birhanu Baye Terefe ; Dejen Ketema Mamo ; Yohannes Fissha Abebaw

In this paper, a compartmental model on the co-infection of pneumonia and HIV/AIDS with optimal control strategies was formulated using the system of ordinary differential equations. Using qualitative methods, we have analysed the mono-infection and HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection models. We have computed effective reproduction numbers by applying the next-generation matrix method, applying Castillo Chavez criteria the models disease-free equilibrium points global stabilities were shown, while we have used the Centre manifold criteria to determine that the pneumonia infection and pneumonia and HIV/AIDS co-infection exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation whenever the corresponding effective reproduction number is less than unity. We carried out the numerical simulations to investigate the behaviour of the co-infection model solutions. Furthermore, we have investigated various optimal control strategies to predict the best control strategy to minimize and possibly to eradicate the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection from the community.

2024-12-01·Applied microbiology and biotechnology

Development and evaluation of a test strip for the rapid detection of antibody against equine infectious anemia virus.

Article

作者: Zenan Zhang ; Kui Guo ; Xiaoyu Chu ; Mingru Liu ; Cheng Du ; Zhe Hu ; Xiaojun Wang

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a contagious disease of horses caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The clinical signs at the acute phase include intermittent high fever, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, edema, and anemia. The clinical signs at chronic and relapsing subclinical levels include emaciation and progressive weakness. Surviving horses become lifelong carriers because of the integration of the viral genome into that of the host, and these horses can produce and transmit the virus to other animals. This increases the difficulty of imposing practical control measures to prevent epidemics of this disease. Serological tests measuring the antibodies in equine sera are considered to be a reliable tool for the long-term monitoring of EIA. However, the standard serological tests for EIV either have low sensitivity (e.g., agar gel immunodiffusion test, AGID) or are time consuming to perform (e.g., ELISA and western blotting). The development of a rapid and simple method for detecting the disease is therefore critical to control the spread of EIA. In this study, we designed and developed a colloidal gold immunochromatographic (GICG) test strip to detect antibodies against EIAV based on the double-antigen sandwich. Both the p26 and gp45 proteins were used as the capture antigens, which may help to improve the positive detection rate of the strip. We found that the sensitivity of the test strip was 8 to 16 times higher than those of two commercially available ELISA tests and 128 to 256 times higher than AGID, but 8 to 16 times lower than that of western blotting. The strip has good specificity and stability. When serum samples from experimental horses immunized with the attenuated EIAV vaccine (n = 31) were tested, the results of the test strip showed 100% coincidence with those from NECVB-cELISA and 70.97% with AGID. When testing clinical serum samples (n = 1014), the test strip surprisingly provided greater sensitivity and a higher number of "true positive" results than other techniques. Therefore, we believe that the GICG test strip has demonstrated great potential in the field trials as a simple and effective tool for the detection of antibodies against EIAV. KEY POINTS: • A colloidal gold immunochromatographic (GICG) fast test strip was developed with good specificity, sensitivity, stability, and repeatability • The test strip can be used in point-of-care testing for the primary screening of EIAV antibodies • Both the p26 and gp45 proteins were used as the capture antigens, giving a high positive detection rate in the testing of experimentally infected animal and field samples.

2024-12-01·HIV research & clinical practice

Determinants of late presentation of HIV positive individuals: a study in Kosovo.

Article

作者: Ilir Tolaj ; Murat Mehmeti ; Hatixhe Gashi ; Arabana Kasumi

BACKGROUND:

In recent years, the global response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic has encountered significant challenges, impeding the collective aim of eliminating AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. A major concern undermining this goal is the delayed presentation (late presentation - LP) of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.

METHODOLOGY:

This study includes 85 HIV positive individuals with available CD4 count and viral load (VL) data at the time of HIV diagnosis, out of 169 registered people living with HIV in Kosovo. Employing descriptive and frequency statistics, Chi-square tests, non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests, and logistic regression analyses using SPSS Version 29, we generated statistical results with 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of LP in HIV positive individuals included in the study was 50.59%, with 30.59% classified as very late presenters (VLP). Determinants associated with LP included male gender, young adulthood, MSM mode of transmission, and a high viral load (log10 4.1-5.0 copies/mL). Comparative analysis with studies on this subject indicated similar patterns of LP in adults, males, and viral load, but different transmission mode patterns.

CONCLUSION:

This research illuminates the specific determinants of LP in Kosovo, offering valuable insights for tailoring interventions to enhance timely diagnosis and access to care for people living with HIV/AIDS.

1,360

项与慢病毒疾病相关的新闻（医药）

2024-04-06

·生物制品圈

疫苗的“前世今生”，一段波澜壮阔的历史

疫苗一词是“疫苗之父”巴斯德( Louis Pasteur) 为纪念先驱者琴纳( Edward Jenner) 发明牛痘苗( vaccine) 而创造，指由减毒或灭活微生物制成、能够针对疾病产生免疫力的生物制品。疫苗作为人类与疾病斗争的有力武器，消灭或控制了许多传染病。脊髓灰质炎、鼠疫、麻疹、狂犬病、百日咳、破伤风、乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝) 等发病率也通过接种疫苗大幅降低。自 18 世纪天花疫苗诞生至今，疫苗研发经历了数百年的发展其技术发展经历了 3 次革命。第一次始于 19 世纪末，巴斯德研制成功鸡霍乱疫苗、羊炭疽疫苗和狂犬疫苗，并利用生物传代和物理化学方法处理病原体，得到减毒和灭活疫苗; 第二次发生在 20 世纪 80 年代，其标志是以酵母制造乙肝疫苗。这一阶段，以重组 DNA 技术为代表的分子生物学技术的发展，使疫苗的研究从整体病原体水平进阶到分子水平; 第三次是 20 世纪 90 年代研制成功核酸疫苗，该技术最早由美国的沃夫( Wolff) 等发明。人类使用疫苗预防疾病已有200多年的历史，疫苗作为人类与疾病斗争的有力武器，消灭或控制了许多传染病。今天我们就来回顾一下，疫苗经历了怎样的发展轨迹？疫苗发展历程梳理一、萌芽期疫苗的横空出世首先得从天花病毒说起。天花是一种烈性传染病，不论什么人，一旦与患者接触，几乎都会传染，并且死亡率极高。但是在长时间的医疗中发现，有两种人是对天花有抵抗力的：一是从天花中康复的人，二是曾经护理过天花病的人。我们的前人在这种现象的启发下，研究出了用人痘接种预防天花的方法。该方法是将沾有疤浆患者的衣服给正常儿童穿戴，或将天花愈合后局部皮肤组织研磨成细粉，经鼻使儿童吸入。我们的前人在这种现象的启发下，研究出了用人痘接种预防天花的方法。该方法是将沾有疤浆患者的衣服给正常儿童穿戴，或将天花愈合后局部皮肤组织研磨成细粉，经鼻使儿童吸入。不过因为风险太大，这个技术一直没有推广开来，但这个技术的发展却给了人们很大的启发，让他们找到了对抗天花的方法。在18世纪末，一名英国的乡下大夫爱德华-琴纳接待一名妇女，她患有发烧、腰疼、呕吐等症状，他从中意识到接种牛痘可以预防天花。为了证实这一设想，他于1796年5月14日从一名正患牛痘的挤奶女工身上的脓疤里取少量脓液注射至八岁男孩詹姆斯费普臂内。六周后，男孩的牛痘反应消退，所以正如琴纳所说：“尽管假性天花接种小孩手臂出现类似的脓疤，除此之外几乎不可觉察。”琴纳为了证实其效果，先后多次给费普接种，但费普却安然无恙。2个月后，再接种天花患者来源的痘液，费普仅局部手臂出现疤疹，未引起全身天花。据此，琴纳于1798年出版其专著《探究》，称此技术为疫苗接种。在琴纳那个时代，人们根本不知道天花是由一种病毒引起的，也不知道种痘能让身体产生一种对抗天花的免疫。但是，经过他的实际观察，经过试验，确定了一种新的疫苗接种法，它不仅安全，而且很有效，是一个划时代的发明。琴纳（公元1749年—公元1823年）二、第一次疫苗革命这一阶段疫苗的发展归功于路易·巴斯德于19世纪末在疫苗研制领域的先锋作用和卓越贡献。被誉为疫苗之父的巴斯德的伟大贡献在于：他选用免疫原性强的病原微生物经培养，用物理或化学方法将其灭活后，再经纯化制成。灭活疫苗使用的毒种一般是强毒株，但使用减毒的弱毒株也有良好的免疫原性，如用萨宾减毒株生产的脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗。减毒活疫苗是采用人工定向变异的方法，或从自然界筛选出毒力高度减弱或基本无毒的活的微生物制成疫苗，并以此给人接种而达到预防传染病的目的。在19世纪末，科赫发明了在固体培养基上分离细菌培养物的方法，该法为巴斯德研制疫苗奠定了基础。巴斯德首次发现，长期在人工培养基上，如将鸡霍乱弧菌置于两个星期后，这种菌种对雏鸡不会造成致病性。还有一点很重要：即使再次给这些被注射过的雏鸡注射了霍乱，他们也不会感染。巴斯德提出，这可能是因为在老的培养基中，鸡霍乱弧菌的毒性降低，但是其免疫原性保持不变，从而导致雏鸡对霍乱弧菌有了免疫力。以此理论巴斯德将炭疽杆菌在42~43℃的环境下培养两周后，制成人工减毒炭疽活疫苗。在巴斯德光辉成就的启发下，1908年卡麦特和古林将一株牛型结核杆菌在含有胆汁的培养基上连续培养13年213代，终于在1921获得减毒的卡介苗(BCG)。最初卡介苗为口服，20世纪20年代末改为皮内注射，卡介苗在新生儿抵御粟粒性肺结核和结核性脑膜炎方面具有很好的效果。自1928年至今，卡介苗仍在全世界广泛地被用于儿童计划免疫接种，已有40多亿人接种过卡介苗。这一阶段疫苗革命中还包括白喉、破伤风类毒素、鼠疫疫苗、伤寒疫苗和黄热病等30多种疫苗的成功研制。巴斯德三、第二次疫苗革命第二次疫苗革命主要是从分子水平上制备基因工程亚单位疫苗。由于分子生物技术、生物化学、遗传学和免疫学的迅速发展，使得研制新疫苗和改进旧疫苗的工作能够在分子水平上进行。以酵母制备乙肝疫苗作为二次疫苗革命的分水岭。采用重组DNA技术、蛋白质化学技术开创了疫苗研制的第二次革命。1.重组核酸技术美国斯坦福大学于1972年提出重组核酸技术，并以迅雷不及掩耳之势风靡世界，开创了生命科学的新局面，其中包括疫苗的研制。基因重组技术的运用，为疫苗的研发提供了一条崭新的道路。该技术不仅可以获得几乎所有的免疫原，还可以让病原微生物的研究者和疫苗的接种者变得更加安全。例如，乙肝疫苗最初是从人乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带者血浆中提取，对健康人来说，其接种的危险性显而易见。20世纪80年代，又有研究报道了 HBsAg的基因在酵母和真核细胞中的表达，该方法既可获得类似于血液疫苗的免疫效果，又可获得简单、快速、廉价、高效的 HBsAg的抗体，对接种人群具有较高的安全性。当前，在不改变疫苗抗原性的前提下，利用重组核酸技术，以病毒、细菌作为载体，将目标基因导入到疫苗菌株及其质粒的基因组中，从而在不改变其抗原性的情况下，实现对疫苗菌株的高表达。所以，该疫苗对人体所起到的免疫作用是双向的。例如，第一次疫苗革命产生的卡介苗，现在采用重组核酸技术将γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)等细胞因子基因导入卡介苗中，成为重组卡介苗(γBCG)。重组卡介苗不仅保留传统卡介苗的特性，同时还分泌γ-干扰素和白细胞介素2，这样重组卡介苗既可用于结核病的预防，又能用于肿瘤或其他免疫性疾病的治疗。2.蛋白质化学和化学技术由于疫苗中的保护性抗原大部分为蛋白质，所以要得到特异性的蛋白质抗原，必须先对其进行分离纯化，由此可见蛋白质化学技术的发展对疫苗的研制起着重大作用。另外，可根据骨髓依赖性(B)淋巴细胞表位或胸腺依赖性(T)淋巴细胞表位直接采用蛋白质化学和化学技术合成多肤抗原，用来制备多肤疫苗。四、第三次疫苗革命核酸疫苗的开发研制，标志着第三次疫苗革命的到来。1995年美国纽约科学院召开专门研讨核酸疫苗会议，称之为疫苗学的新纪元和疫苗的第三次革命。1.核酸疫苗的发现和研制沃夫等人偶然的研究成果以及阿瑟的基因递送体系，为发展新型核酸疫苗奠定了基础。20世纪80年代后期，90年代初期，人们利用表达基因的核酸进行基因疗法，发现不经任何处理的裸露基因，可以在肌肉细胞内表达蛋白质，并且可以在肌肉细胞内持续两个月，引起人体产生免疫反应，由此引发了一场核酸疫苗的研发。在最初的动物实验中有两个令人欣喜的结果:第一是A型流感病毒核酸疫苗注射给小鼠，结果诱发了小鼠产生抗体和细胞毒性T细胞。然后用A型流感(PR/8) 攻击，100%小鼠健康存活，而对照组100%在9天后死亡。几乎同时，费南(Fynan)等人使用基因枪和编码红细胞凝集素的核酸，其结果也使小鼠获得保护性免疫应答。另一个重要的研究结果是乙肝表面抗原的核酸疫苗。该疫苗不但能诱导动物产生相应的抗体，还能让转基因动物体内的 HBV表面抗原呈阴性。因此，可以用核酸疫苗来预防和治疗疾病，特别是对乙型肝炎的核酸疫苗。该结果对目前国内乙型肝炎疫苗的研发具有一定的指导意义。2.核酸疫苗的应用前景核酸疫苗的研究进展令人鼓舞，核酸疫苗因其独特的优势，在免疫防治中发挥了重要作用。因此，自1994年以来，美国 FDA先后批准了包括 AIDS，流感，乙肝，单纯疤疹，疟疾，Cancer在内的几种核酸疫苗的临床试验。欧美各国都投入了大量的人力物力，对核酸疫苗进行了研发。核酸疫苗已用于淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤、结肠癌及前列腺癌的临床前治疗研究。据统计，1989年至2004年，全球得到认可的基因治疗临床试验共9987例，仅肿瘤治疗占66%。然而，由于其高致死率，迄今尚无针对肝癌 DNA疫苗进行临床研究的相关报道。因此，开展肝癌核酸疫苗临床应用的研究具有重要意义。核酸疫苗也被广泛应用于基因缺陷导致的免疫缺陷疾病的治疗，其中以 ADA基因为代表的基因治疗是目前最有效的一种。mRNA 疫苗技术在新冠疫情应对中市场前景得到较大提升。2020年是 mRNA 技术平台的突破元年，新冠 mRNA 疫苗的推出和广泛使用极大提升了mRNA 疫苗的融资和市场活力。目前开发中的 mRNA 制剂有3个主要应用：预防性疫苗、治疗性疫苗和治疗药物。复星与拜恩泰科研发的mRNA新冠疫苗样品人类在200多年前就开始应用疫苗，它为我们构筑了一道强有力的生物屏障，使我们免受病毒的攻击。在这次疫情之后，疫苗是人类的“保护神”，这一点是毋庸置疑的。随着技术的进步，经过科学家们的不懈努力，将会有更多的治疗性和预防性疫苗被研制出来。疫苗对于人体的作用，无论怎样夸张也不为过，因为每一种新型疫苗的出现，都代表着一场人类对某种疾病的胜利！参考：[1]许丽丽,陈艳,陈征宇等.疫苗的发展与创新：从天花疫苗到新型冠状病毒疫苗[J].医药导报,2021,40(07):876-881.[2]贾冰冰,李卫国.疫苗技术发展的历史与展望[J].生物学通报,2016,51(06):1-3.[3]https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/[4]https://www-nature-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/immersive/d42859-020-00005-8/index.html识别微信二维码，添加生物制品圈小编，符合条件者即可加入生物制品微信群！请注明：姓名+研究方向！版权声明本公众号所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源和作者，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系(cbplib@163.com)，我们将立即进行删除处理。所有文章仅代表作者观点，不代表本站立场。

疫苗

2024-04-03

·FiercePharma

Gilead finds new way to raise HIV awareness, locking in with dancer for voguing workshop

Actor and dancer Jason A. Rodriguez Gilead Sciences is bringing its HIV awareness campaign to the ballroom, partnering with actor and dancer Jason A. Rodriguez for a workshop about the dance style voguing and sexual health. The Gilead-sponsored class, which will take place April 12 in New York, will teach the importance of sexual health, through voguing, and share the history of the HIV epidemic to around 100 participants. Specific areas of focus include the importance of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Gilead sells the PrEP drug Descovy. Attendees will also have the chance to meet Rodriguez and other dancers. “This collaboration with Gilead allows me to use my passion for dance and voguing as a platform to talk about sexual health and HIV prevention. To me, the connection between voguing and prioritizing your sexual health is all about confidence. In my experience, it’s important to encourage confidence in our community, to celebrate our bodies and our identities, and to use this as motivation to break down stigmas around HIV and sexual health,” Rodriguez said in a statement. Rodriguez played Lemar Khan in FX’s “Pose,” a TV series about New York City's ball culture in the 1980s and 1990s. The series covered the impact of the HIV epidemic on the community, which includes groups such as men who sleep with men and transgender individuals of color who were at particularly high risk as the virus began spreading. Key groups in the ball community are still disproportionately affected by HIV. That fact informed Gilead’s decision to work with the community on the awareness campaign, as Manny Rodriguez, director U.S. public affairs, HIV communications at the biotech, explained. “At Gilead, we are always looking for unique ways to reach and engage with different communities impacted by HIV. I’m excited to see this creative activation come to life as a platform to not only raise awareness of the importance of prioritizing HIV prevention, but also as a way for us to help provide information and resources to the community,” Manny Rodriguez said. Gilead is far from the first organization to identify the ball community as a partner that can help raise awareness. The nonprofit GMHC has worked with the community for years, including by hosting the Latex Ball as an annual tribute to people lost to AIDS-related complications since 1993. Project VOGUE also worked with the community to raise awareness of the virus and HIV vaccine clinical trials. The drugmaker is involved with the Latex Ball. Last year, the organizers of the event asked people to help create a social media campaign to communicate what they learned at a workshop hosted by Gilead. This year, Gilead is hosting another presentation the day before the ballroom dance class. Attendees that go on to create videos about topics such as PrEP will have the chance to win a $5,000 prize at the Latex Ball.

2024-04-02

·生物谷

J Control Release | HIV疗法新突破！一种可植入设备或能比口服药物更加有效地运输HIV抗病毒药物！

治疗不依从性（treatment nonadherence），作为影响HIV感染者（PLWH，people living with HIV）健康状况的关键因素，构成了一个亟待解决的现实挑战。这些个体在与病毒共存的漫长旅程中，必须严格遵循终身抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）方案，以确保病毒载量持续处于抑制状态。然而，一旦出现治疗不依从现象，即患者未能按照医嘱规律用药，不仅可能导致抗病毒药物效力减弱、病毒耐药性的快速滋生，还会触发一系列严重的后果：病毒传播风险加剧、艾滋病（AIDS）病程加速进展，以及随之而来的患者发病率与死亡率的攀升。面对这一困境，医学界积极探寻创新的治疗路径以提升患者的依从性，其中，长效抗逆转录病毒疗法（LA-ART）作为一种颇具前景的策略脱颖而出。此类疗法旨在通过减少频繁给药的需求，克服传统ART方案中患者对日常服药依赖性的临床难题，从而提高治疗的便利性和患者顺应性。依斯拉韦（ISL，Islatravir），以其显著的药代动力学优势——长半衰期与高治疗潜力，尤为引人瞩目。这一特性赋予了依斯拉韦在维持有效血药浓度、确保持续抗病毒效果方面的独特优势，使之有望成为颠覆现有治疗范式的革新性HIV疗法候选药物。凭借其潜在的长效作用模式，依斯拉韦有望简化患者的治疗流程，减轻药物管理负担，进而显著改善治疗依从性，为全球PLWH群体带来更为高效、便捷且持久的病毒抑制手段，从而遏制疾病传播、延缓AIDS进程，并最终降低相关发病率与死亡率，提升患者生活质量及公共卫生安全水平。近日，一篇发表在国际杂志Journal of Controlled Release上题为“Antiviral potency of long-acting islatravir subdermal implant in SHIV-infected macaques”的研究报告中，来自休斯敦卫理公会研究所等机构的科学家们通过研究发现，一种纳米流体可植入物或能运输HIV药物，其要比其它形式的口服或HIV药物更加有效。相关研究结果有望帮助开发出长效、可重复使用的可植入物，从而将HIV抗病毒药物依斯拉韦运输到HIV感染者体内。目前，依斯拉韦是一种试验性的药物，患者每天或每周联合用药一次，这项研究中，研究人员重点关注了在低剂量连续皮下给药时药物的疗效、潜力和耐受性。研究者Grattoni说道，持续皮下洗脱依斯拉韦的效力要比药物卡博特韦(cabotegravir)的效力高5倍，而卡博特韦是一种用于预防和治疗HIV感染的肌肉内可注射的抗病毒药物。图片来源：https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/38142963/对于许多服用HIV药物的患者而言，治疗不依从性依然是他们所面临的一个普遍挑战，这或许最终会导致患者对抗病毒药物疗法无法耐受，而且这也是一种已经存在了十多年的HIV感染预防性策略。然而，与所有疗法一样，研究人员也需要联合用药来获得最佳的治疗效果。为此，本文中，研究人员就开始研究利用相同的可植入物来运输HIV预防性药物。纳米流体设备用于长期控制和持续释放的用途，其能避免经常引起不良副作用的重复全身性治疗，目前更多的实验研究正在进行，从而就能确定这种运输技术的有效性和安全性，研究人员展望在不远的未来，纳米流体技术或将重塑HIV治疗格局，成为患者群体中不可或缺的治疗选项，为他们带来前所未有的治疗体验与生活质量提升。综上，本文研究结果表明，依斯拉韦的皮下植入或许能作为HIV感染者实现长效抗逆转录病毒治疗的潜在新希望策略。参考文献：Fernanda P Pons-Faudoa, Nicola Di Trani, Simone Capuani, et al. Antiviral potency of long-acting islatravir subdermal implant in SHIV-infected macaques, Journal of Controlled Release (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.031本文仅用于学术分享，转载请注明出处。若有侵权，请联系微信：bioonSir 删除或修改！