更新于：2024-11-01

Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive

进行性核上性麻痹

更新于：2024-11-01

基本信息

别名

Classic PSP syndrome、Classic progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome、Heterogeneous system degeneration

+ [57]

简介

A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)

关联

项与进行性核上性麻痹相关的药物

Flortaucipir F-18

靶点

TAU

作用机制

TAU调节剂

在研机构

Eli Lilly Nederland BV [+1]

原研机构

Siemens Healthineers AG

在研适应症

造影剂 [+3]

非在研适应症

失语 [+8]

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批国家/地区

美国

首次获批日期2020-05-28

Tertomotide hydrochloride

特托莫肽盐酸盐

靶点

TERT

作用机制

TERT抑制剂

在研机构

GemVax & KAEL Co., Ltd. [+1]

原研机构

Pharmexa A/S

在研适应症

胰腺癌 [+4]

非在研适应症

晚期肝细胞癌 [+8]

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批国家/地区

韩国

首次获批日期2014-09-11

Florbetaben F-18

氟[¹⁸F]贝他苯

靶点

APP

作用机制

APP抑制剂 [+1]

在研机构

Life Molecular Imaging Ltd. [+2]

原研机构

Piramal Pharma Limited

在研适应症

认知功能障碍 [+5]

非在研适应症

脑淀粉样血管病 [+4]

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批国家/地区

欧盟 [+3]

首次获批日期2014-02-20

228

项与进行性核上性麻痹相关的临床试验

NCT06647641 / Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

The CurePSP Genetics Program

This study is an observational, prospective genetic study. It aims to obtain DNA for research and testing from patients with PSP, CBS, MSA, and related neurological conditions and their families.
Up to 1,000 adults who have been clinically diagnosed with PSP, CBS, MSA, or related neurological conditions will be enrolled. The study intervention involves sequencing of participant blood samples using non-CLIA-approved whole genome sequencing at the National Institutes of Health. Pathogenic variants that are deemed possibly related to these conditions will be confirmed using CLIA-approved testing. The study involves minimal risk to participants.

开始日期2024-10-08

申办/合作机构

The General Hospital Corp.

[+1]

NCT06588673 / Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

Art Therapy in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Studying the Effect on Quality of Care

Our aim is to study the effect of art therapy for people with PSP, with a focus on alleviating the symptoms associated with PSP, enhancing the overall quality of life for patients, and reducing caregiver stress. Overall, through our collaborative efforts on this study, we hope to unlock the benefits of art therapy for this vulnerable patient population, ultimately improving their overall well-being and enhancing their quality of life.

开始日期2024-10-02

申办/合作机构

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

NCT06597071 / Enrolling by invitationN/A

Use of Oculometric Measures in the Differential Diagnosis of Typical and Atypical Parkinsonian Conditions: a Pilot Study

This is an observational cross-sectional study in 4 cohorts of patients with parkinsonian syndromes and healthy subjects, who are visiting the Movement Disorders outpatient clinics.
The aim of the study is to assess the difference of oculometric measures in different neurodegenerative brain conditions and their accuracy as compared to clinical diagnosis, in order to find a correlation with accepted clinical endpoints in subjects who meet the inclusion criteria and who provide a signed Informed Consent.

开始日期2024-09-10

申办/合作机构

Virgen del Rocio University Hospital

100 项与进行性核上性麻痹相关的临床结果

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100 项与进行性核上性麻痹相关的转化医学

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0 项与进行性核上性麻痹相关的专利（医药）

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5,845

项与进行性核上性麻痹相关的文献（医药）

2025-02-01·Neurology Clinical Practice

Frontotemporal Dementia Differential Diagnosis in Clinical Practice

Article

作者: Krishnadas, Natasha ; Chew, Marcia ; Islam, Fariha ; Rogers, Kirrily A. ; Christensen, Maja ; Brodtmann, Amy ; Darby, David G. ; Sutherland, Antony ; Kyndt, Christopher

Background and ObjectivesMany neurodegenerative syndromes present with impairment of frontal networks, especially frontoinsular networks affecting social and emotional cognition. People presenting with frontal network impairments may be considered for a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) diagnosis. We sought to examine the diagnostic mix of patients referred with frontal network impairments to a single cognitive neurology service.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all patients seen between January 2010 and December 2019 at the Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, a quaternary cognitive neurology clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Patients were included if they met the following criteria: (1) were referred for suspected FTD or with a preexisting diagnosis of a FTD syndrome, (2) were referred for 'frontal behaviors' (i.e., disinhibition, disorganization, poor judgment, loss of empathy, apathy) and/or had an informant report of behavior change, and (3) had available referral documents and clinical consensus diagnosis. Referral diagnosis was compared against final diagnosis adjudicated by a consensus multidisciplinary team. Case details including age of symptom onset, Cambridge Behavioural Inventory-Revised scores, psychiatric history, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were compared against the final diagnosis.ResultsIn total, 161 patients aged 42-82 years (mean = 64.5, SD = 9.0; 74.5% men) met inclusion criteria. The commonest final diagnosis was a FTD syndrome (44.6%: 26.7% behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), 9.3% progressive supranuclear palsy, 6.2% semantic dementia, 1.2% corticobasal syndrome, and 1.2% FTD/motor neuron disease). A primary psychiatric disorder (PPD) was the next commonest diagnosis (15.5%), followed by vascular cognitive impairment (VCI, 10.6%), Alzheimer disease (AD, 9.9%), and other neurologic diagnoses (6.2%). A final diagnosis of bvFTD was associated with higher rates of medical comorbidities and more eating behavior abnormalities compared with a diagnosis of PPD. Screening cognitive tests and preexisting psychiatric history did not distinguish these 2 groups.DiscussionA broad spectrum of neurologic and psychiatric disorders may present with impairments to frontal networks. Almost half of patients referred had a final FTD syndrome diagnosis, with bvFTD the commonest final diagnosis. People with PPD, VCI, and AD present with similar clinical profiles but are distinguishable using MRI and FDG-PET imaging. Medical and psychiatric comorbidities are common in people with bvFTD.

2025-01-01·Clinica Chimica Acta

Diagnostic value of six plasma biomarkers in progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and Parkinson’s disease

Article

作者: Chen, Xiaochun ; Ye, Qinyong ; Chen, Ying ; Li, Yiming ; Huang, Jieming

OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of six plasma biomarkers in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and different subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD).METHODSNeurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated tau-181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), and amyloid-β 40 (Aβ40) levels were measured using the single-molecule array (Simoa) technique in a cohort of patients with PSP, MSA, different subtypes of PD, and healthy controls (HCs).RESULTSPlasma NfL and GFAP levels were beneficial in discriminating between the disease groups and HCs. Plasma NfL, Aβ42, and Aβ40 could distinguish atypical Parkinsonian syndrome (APS) from PD and its subtypes. GFAP could discriminate APS from tremor dominant PD but could not discriminate APS from postural instability and gait disorder dominant PD. The efficacy of differentiation improved when a combination of multiple plasma biomarkers was applied.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, the plasma biomarkers NfL, GFAP, Aβ42, and Aβ40 exhibited high discriminatory diagnostic value in PD and APS, and could be used as clinically potential diagnostic biomarkers. Plasma biomarker combinations could improve the differential diagnostic efficacy in the comparisons of PD and APS.

2024-12-01·Clinical Proteomics

Biomarker discovery in progressive supranuclear palsy from human cerebrospinal fluid

Article

作者: Tropea, Thomas F. ; Hall, Anna J. ; Jang, Yura ; Dawson, Ted M ; Na, Chan Hyun ; Pantelyat, Alexander Y ; Rosenthal, Liana S ; Pantelyat, Alexander Y. ; Hall, Anna J ; Oh, Sungtaek ; Zhang, Zhen ; Tropea, Thomas F ; Dawson, Ted M. ; Chen-Plotkin, Alice ; Rosenthal, Liana S.

AbstractBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder often misdiagnosed as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) due to shared symptoms. PSP is characterized by the accumulation of tau protein in specific brain regions, leading to loss of balance, gaze impairment, and dementia. Diagnosing PSP is challenging, and there is a significant demand for reliable biomarkers. Existing biomarkers, including tau protein and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), show inconsistencies in distinguishing PSP from other neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the development of new biomarkers for PSP is imperative.MethodsWe conducted an extensive proteome analysis of CSF samples from 40 PSP patients, 40 PD patients, and 40 healthy controls (HC) using tandem mass tag-based quantification. Mass spectrometry analysis of 120 CSF samples was performed across 13 batches of 11-plex TMT experiments, with data normalization to reduce batch effects. Pathway, interactome, cell-type-specific enrichment, and bootstrap receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to identify key candidate biomarkers.ResultsWe identified a total of 3,653 unique proteins. Our analysis revealed 190, 152, and 247 differentially expressed proteins in comparisons of PSP vs. HC, PSP vs. PD, and PSP vs. both PD and HC, respectively. Gene set enrichment and interactome analysis of the differentially expressed proteins in PSP CSF showed their involvement in cell adhesion, cholesterol metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis. Cell-type enrichment analysis indicated a predominance of neuronally-derived proteins among the differentially expressed proteins. The potential biomarker classification performance demonstrated that ATP6AP2 (reduced in PSP) had the highest AUC (0.922), followed by NEFM, EFEMP2, LAMP2, CHST12, FAT2, B4GALT1, LCAT, CBLN3, FSTL5, ATP6AP1, and GGH.ConclusionBiomarker candidate proteins ATP6AP2, NEFM, and CHI3L1 were identified as key differentiators of PSP from the other groups. This study represents the first large-scale use of mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers specific to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) that can differentiate it from Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls. Our findings lay a crucial foundation for the development and validation of reliable biomarkers, which will enhance diagnostic accuracy and facilitate early detection of PSP.

240

项与进行性核上性麻痹相关的新闻（医药）

2024-10-31

·药明康德

潜在首款！多肽疗法可减缓疾病进展高达95%

▎药明康德内容团队编辑日前，GemVax & KAEL公司（下称GemVax）宣布了在研候选多肽药物GV1001用于治疗进行性核上性麻痹（PSP）的2a期临床试验的主要结果。新闻稿表示，这些结果支持推动这款疗法进入3期临床试验，它有潜力成为首款治疗PSP的疗法。 PSP是一种退行性疾病，类似于帕金森病，会导致步态障碍、早期跌倒、垂直凝视麻痹、僵硬、震颤和认知下降等症状，但其进展更快，当前尚无针对性治疗。PSP被划分为多种类型，包括PSP-Richardson综合征（PSP-RS）和PSP帕金森型（PSP-P）。与其他类型的PSP相比，PSP-RS类型表现出更多的tau蛋白累积，影响的大脑区域更广，包括小脑、齿状核、桥核、额叶和顶叶。这一2a期临床试验为一项为期24周的随机双盲、安慰剂对照的前瞻性探索性临床试验。参与者按1：1：1的比例随机分配，接受安慰剂、GV1001（0.56 mg）或GV1001（1.12 mg）治疗。符合条件的患者包括PSP-RS和PSP-P类型的患者。结果显示，低剂量组（0.56 mg）在PSP-RS类型患者中表现出更好的疗效。试验的主要终点是GV1001治疗24周后PSP评分量表总分与基线相比的变化，结果显示GV1001（0.56 mg）组的疾病恶化分数为2.14分，而安慰剂组为4.10分，显示出疾病进展减少了48%。尽管未达到统计学显著性，但结果支持GV1001作为PSP潜在治疗手段的可能性。临床上典型的PSP通常为PSP-RS类型，占PSP患者的大多数。与其他PSP类型相比，该类型进展更快，患者平均生存期更短。对仅限PSP-RS类型患者的亚组分析显示，GV1001（0.56 mg）组在24周的PSP评分量表总分与基线相比恶化0.25分，而安慰剂组为恶化5.19分，显示出4.94分的差异，相当于疾病进展减少了95%。 ▲GV1001在PSP-RS类型患者中的效果（图片来源：参考资料[1]）许多接受治疗的PSP-RS类型患者在临床试验期间症状得到稳定甚至改善。基于治疗6个月后与基线相比PSP评分量表得分改善或保持稳定的患者比例，GV1001（0.56 mg）组的PSP-RS类型患者中有58.33%显示出症状改善或稳定。在2a期PSP临床试验中，GV1001的安全性与先前的安全性数据一致。GV1001总体耐受性良好，未报告与药物相关的严重不良事件。 GV1001是一种由16个氨基酸组成的多肽，它对应人类端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）的催化位点片段。TERT是端粒酶的重要组成部分，对调节端粒酶的活性非常重要。此前的研究显示GV1001能够防止神经细胞免受神经毒性的影响，防止细胞凋亡以及由于淀粉样蛋白和氧化应激产生的活性氧对神经细胞的损害。 ▲欲了解更多前沿技术在生物医药产业中的应用，请长按扫描上方二维码，即可访问“药明直播间”，观看相关话题的直播讨论与精彩回放参考资料： [1] GemVax Announces Topline Results from Phase 2a Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Clinical Trial at Neuro2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024, from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/gemvax-announces-topline-results-from-phase-2a-progressive-supranuclear-palsy-clinical-trial-at-neuro2024-302289834.html 免责声明：药明康德内容团队专注介绍全球生物医药健康研究进展。本文仅作信息交流之目的，文中观点不代表药明康德立场，亦不代表药明康德支持或反对文中观点。本文也不是治疗方案推荐。如需获得治疗方案指导，请前往正规医院就诊。版权说明：本文来自药明康德内容团队，欢迎个人转发至朋友圈，谢绝媒体或机构未经授权以任何形式转载至其他平台。转载授权请在「药明康德」微信公众号回复“转载”，获取转载须知。分享，点赞，在看，聚焦全球生物医药健康创新

临床结果临床3期临床2期

2024-10-30

·美通社

GemVax在Neuro2024大会上发布进行性核上性麻痹2a期临床试验顶线结果

——顶线数据支持进入 3期试验，且显示GV1001有望成为全球首款PSP治疗药物韩国首尔 2024年10月30日 /美通社/ -- 当地时间10月24日下午4点45分，GemVax & KAEL Co., Ltd.（简称"GemVax"；KOSDAQ股票代码：082270）在加拿大多伦多举办的"Neuro2024：PSP和CBD国际研究研讨会"上公布了其治疗进行性核上性麻痹(PSP)的研究用多肽药物GV1001的2a期临床试验（简称"2a期PSP临床试验"）的顶线结果。 PSP是一种退行性疾病，与帕金森病一样，也会导致步态障碍、早期跌倒、垂直性凝视麻痹、僵直、震颤和认知能力下降等症状，但其病程进展更快，目前尚无根治手段。PSP分为多种类型，包括PSP-理查森综合征(PSP-RS)和PSP-帕金森综合征(PSP-P)。相较于其他类型，PSP-RS型表现出更为显著的tau蛋白聚集，且影响范围更广，涉及小脑、齿状核、桥脑核、额叶及顶叶等区域。 2a期PSP临床试验是一项为期24周的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照前瞻性探索性临床试验，在韩国5个研究中心共招募了78名PSP患者。参与者按1:1:1的比例随机分配，分别接受安慰剂、0.56毫克GV1001或1.12毫克GV1001治疗。治疗方案为前4周（1个月）每周一次皮下注射，随后每2周注射一次，持续20周（5个月），总共为期24周（6个月）。该试验面向PSP-RS和PSP-P两种类型的患者开放。试验结果显示，低剂量组（0.56毫克）疗效更为显著，尤其对PSP-RS型患者效果更佳。试验的主要终点是使用GV1001治疗24周后PSP评分量表总分（采用MMRM法计算的最小二乘均数）较基线的变化。结果显示，0.56毫克剂量组病情恶化2.14分，而安慰剂组4.10分，说明疾病进程减缓了48%（见图1）。尽管未达统计学显著差异，但这些发现仍揭示了GV1001治疗目前无法治愈的PSP的潜力，并为推进GV1001至更高级别临床试验提供了依据。 Figure 1. PSP-Rating Scale Total Score (PSP-RS Type + PSP-P Type_ LS mean using MMRM) 临床上，多数PSP患者属于典型的PSP-RS型，这一类型较其他PSP类型病程进展更快，平均生存期也更短。试验专门针对PSP-RS型患者进行了分组分析。在服用GV1001二十四周后，采用简单平均法计算PSP评分量表总分均值的变化，结果显示，0.56毫克剂量组病情恶化平均分为0.25分，而安慰剂组为5.19分，两组相差4.94分，说明疾病恶化程度降低了95%（见图2）。 Figure 2. PSP-Rating Scale Total Score (PSP-RS Type_ simple average) 治疗组中多数PSP-RS型患者在试验期间症状保持稳定甚至有所改善。以治疗6个月后PSP评分量表总分与基线相比有所改善或保持稳定的患者比例来计算缓解率，0.56毫克GV1001组有58.33%的PSP-RS型患者症状得到了改善或稳定（见图3）。 Figure 3. Responder Rate (PSP-RS Type) 在2a期PSP临床试验中，GV1001的安全性表现与之前的数据相符，整体耐受性良好，未观察到与药物相关的严重不良事件。 GemVax首席战略官Hyungsik Moon指出："本次2a期试验属于探索性研究，旨在确定最优剂量及多肽对不同分组的效果。尽管顶线结果未达到统计学显著性，但所提供的证据已充分支持我们考虑推进至关键性试验，同时表明GV1001有望成为全球首个PSP治疗方案。" 出席Neuro2024会议的专家对PSP试验结果表示欢迎，认为成果振奋人心，并对该药即将迈入全球3期临床试验进行更深入的研发感到高兴。全球CRO ICON药物开发高级副总裁、医学博士Peter Schüler表示："这项试验性研究并非完全有效，且6个月的治疗周期相对较短，因此无法预期获得具有统计学意义的确证结果。不过，在运动表现和认知功能这两个领域，我们观察到的趋势既合理又一致，均显示出低剂量组的优势。" Schüler博士表示："本次试验确定了最佳剂量，这也是2a期研究的主要目标之一，并展现了与安慰剂组相比，病情完全稳定这一具有临床意义的好处。这些顶线数据为推进至3期研究提供了有力的依据。" 慕尼黑大学附属医院(LMU Hospital)神经科主任、全球知名PSP专家Günter U. Höglinger博士评价道："在全新作用机制的新药研究中，我们获得了极为振奋的2期临床数据。尽管数据尚属初步，但前景广阔，且与[GV1001]在阿尔茨海默病中的临床数据相契合。我对接下来的研发充满期待，并很荣幸能参与并领导[PSP]的3期研究。" CurePSP主任Kristophe Diaz博士表示："GemVax最近的临床试验结果令人振奋，为整个PSP群体，包括目前尚无治疗选择的患者、家属及治疗他们的医生，带来了希望。我们祝贺GemVax成功完成试验，并期待其能继续为PSP社群带来更多福祉。"他还强调："CurePSP将一如既往地致力于合作，支持为这一毁灭性疾病患者带来希望与成果的各项工作。" 下载PDF： https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2542940/2024_10_29__GemVax_Announces_Topline_Results.pdf 关于 2a期PSP临床试验 (NCT05819658) 2a期PSP临床试验是一项为期24周的多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照前瞻性探索性临床研究，旨在评估0.56毫克或1.12毫克GV1001与安慰剂相比在治疗PSP患者上的安全性和疗效。主要终点为使用GV1001治疗24周后，PSP评分量表总分相对于基线的变化。次要终点则包括3个月时PSP评分量表总分以及3个月和6个月时MoCA-K、K-FAB和ES-ADL评分相对于基线的变化。此外，研究还全面评估了GV1001的总体安全性。关于 GV1001 GV1001是一种合成肽，由16个氨基酸构成，以端粒酶的关键序列为基础。它已被研究用于治疗包括阿尔茨海默病和PSP在内的神经退行性疾病。研究显示，GV1001能够调节神经胶质细胞的表型并减轻神经炎症。除了正在进行的2a期PSP临床试验外，针对阿尔茨海默病的2期临床试验也正在美国和欧洲同步推进(NCT05189210)。关于 PSP 进行性核上性麻痹是一种罕见的、成年后发病的进行性神经退行性疾病，目前尚无药物能改变其病程。全球发病率约为每十万人中有七例，且男性更为常见。患者多为60岁以上的老年人。PSP的症状包括平衡感丧失、性格变化、眼球活动无力（尤其是向下看时）、吞咽困难、言语不清以及认知功能受损。关于 GemVax & KAEL GemVax & KAEL Co., Ltd.是韩国一家处于临床阶段的生物制药先锋企业，专注于研发治疗神经退行性疾病（如进行性核上性麻痹和阿尔茨海默病）的专利疗法。针对PSP，GemVax正在韩国进行2a期研究，以评估GV1001对PSP患者的疗效与安全性，同时也在筹备全球性的PSP临床试验。此外，公司目前还在美国和欧洲同步开展阿尔茨海默病的2期临床试验。欲了解更多信息，请访问 www.gemvax.com 并在 Linkedin 上关注我们。前瞻性陈述本文件所含信息包括或基于《1995年证券诉讼改革法案》界定的"前瞻性陈述"。这些陈述可能使用"计划"、"将要"、"预计"、"预测"、"打算"、"相信"、"潜力"、"继续"等明确标识词，或其他类似表述，也可能不使用。此类陈述受已知和未知风险及不确定性的影响，可能导致实际结果与陈述中明示或暗示的结果有重大出入。这些风险和不确定性包括但不限于：药物研发的固有挑战（如临床前和临床项目的时间安排和结果，这些项目因高风险而可能在任何阶段失败，包括监管审批前后因疗效不佳、安全性问题或其他因素导致的失败）；我们利用和加强药物发现平台的能力；我们为开发活动和其他企业目的筹集资金的能力；我们合作项目的成败；我们获得监管批准并最终实现药物候选产品商业化的能力；我们获取、维持和落实知识产权保护的能力；我们的技术系统遭受网络攻击或其他干扰的风险；我们吸引、激励和留住关键人才以及管理增长的能力；通货膨胀和其他宏观经济问题；以及其他风险和不确定性。所有前瞻性陈述均基于管理层当前的估计、预测和假设，除非法律另有要求，GemVax不承担更正或更新这些陈述的义务，无论是因为新信息的出现、未来事态的发展还是其他原因。

临床结果临床3期临床2期临床失败临床终止

2024-10-29

·PRNewswire

GemVax Announces Topline Results from Phase 2a Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Clinical Trial at Neuro2024

- Topline supports moving to Phase 3 trial and shows potential to develop GV1001 as the world's first PSP treatment SEOUL, South Korea, Oct. 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- GemVax & KAEL Co., Ltd. ("GemVax"; KOSDAQ ticker: 082270) announced that topline results of a Phase 2a clinical trial (the "Phase 2a PSP Clinical Trial") of GV1001, an investigational peptide drug for the treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy ("PSP"), were presented at "Neuro2024: The PSP and CBD International Research Symposium" in Toronto, Canada, at 4:45 p.m. local time on 24th October. Continue Reading Figure 1. PSP-Rating Scale Total Score (PSP-RS Type + PSP-P Type_ LS mean using MMRM) (PRNewsfoto/GemVax & KAEL) Figure 2. PSP-Rating Scale Total Score (PSP-RS Type_ simple average) (PRNewsfoto/GemVax & KAEL) Figure 3. Responder Rate (PSP-RS Type) (PRNewsfoto/GemVax & KAEL) View PDF