A review.Vaccines to prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remain a major unmet need.Although the development of vaccines to prevent HIV-1 infection has been considered extremely difficult, recent advances in mRNA (mRNA) vaccine platform technol. have led to the development of effective vaccines to prevent HIV-1 infection.It is expected to be a useful tool for the future.In this review, we discuss key results obtained from HIV vaccine trials designed to date, efforts to develop mRNA-based vaccines, and new strategies for preventing HIV-1 by inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies.