Borofalan (10B)

让大家期待了2年多的日本硼中子俘获疗法终于启动临床啦！近期，日本筑波大学附属病院官网上公布： 脑胶质瘤BNCT治疗I期临床试验启动 ，招募至今尚未确立治疗方法的难治性恶性脑肿瘤——胶质母细胞瘤，这意味着，火遍癌友圈的日本硼中子俘获疗法终于要接收患者啦！ 2020年，世界上第一台硼中子设备正式获得日本厚生劳动省的医疗设备批准，引起轰动。 而更多的中国病友们了解硼中子俘获疗法是在2021年5月，当时一条“30分钟爆破癌细胞”的新闻占据了各大平台的头条，硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）是目前国际最先进的癌症治疗手段之一，可选择性地破坏癌细胞而避免对正常细胞造成严重损害。这种方法是一种新的放射线疗法，也让国内的病友充满期待！ 喜讯！日本硼中子俘获疗法启动临床啦！ 胶质母细胞瘤是最常见的脑瘤之一，也是当之无愧的最致命的癌症之一，它的恶名昭著程度丝毫不亚于“癌王”胰腺癌。平均生存期仅1年，五年生存率不足5%。而它真正的可怕之处在于，这类癌症有一个逃不出的”魔咒“：复发率高达100！并且和其他癌症形成肿块不同，胶质母细胞瘤在早期就会沿大脑中的白质蔓延，因此很难确定肿瘤实际扩散的程度，这意味着要想完全切除几乎是不可能的。 近日，我们终于迎来喜讯，日本的硼中子俘获疗法终于启动临床了，并且本次试验的目标就是针对难以全部切除的部位存在恶性肿瘤的患者为对象，通过验证BNCT的安全性及耐受性，开发出具有较高有效性的治疗方法。值得一提的是，这将是世界上首次使用该装置，并有望成为强有力的新治疗法来治疗至今为止难以治愈的癌症。 全球肿瘤医生网医学部将官网公布的招募信息分享给病友们： 【研究名称】 脑胶质瘤BNCT治疗I期临床试验 【治疗方案】 该试验采用筑波型加速器BNCT装置iBNCT001和具有选择性聚集癌细胞性质的BNCT用硼药SPM-011 (stellar pharma株式会社制造)。 【治疗调整医生】 筑波大学附属病院放射线肿瘤科 樱井 英幸 【招募对象】 初发胶质母细胞瘤患者 1.年龄18-85岁 2.KPS超过50的人 3.病理胶质母细胞瘤 4.术后MRI检查，病变最深处距离头皮表面6cm以内的患者 5.术后MRI检查中可以用RANO标准测量病变部位的患者 需要国内病友特别注意以下3点： ※复发的不行 ※做过放疗的不行 ※要有主治医生介绍信 患者一旦开始进行临床试验治疗，请务必遵守医院关于临床试验的各种规范要求，需要定期配合到院检查。 大家如果进一步了解硼中子俘获疗法的最新信息，可以提交资料至全球肿瘤医生网医学部进行初步评估。 什么是硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）？ BNCT全称硼中子俘获疗法，是一种新的放射线疗法，通过点滴注射含硼化合物，这种化合物和癌细胞有很强的亲和力，进入人体后迅速聚集于癌细胞内（相当于是我们做PET扫描时的显像剂），然后用一种超热中子射线照射1个小时左右。中子与进入癌细胞内的硼能产生很强的核反应，释放出一种杀伤力极强的射线，从而达到从癌细胞内部爆破癌细胞的效果。同时，因为中子线的特征是射程很短，只有一个癌细胞的长度，所以杀死癌细胞的时候对周围组织伤害较小。 硼中子俘获疗法的优势有哪些？ 1.靶向性好，对周围细胞组织损伤小： 硼化合物只被癌细胞吸收，具有普通辐射三倍生物效应的射线精准破坏癌细胞DNA。 2.无需增氧效应： 不仅可杀死富氧细胞，也可杀死乏氧细胞及处于静止期细胞。放射生物学研究表明，癌变组织通常由有氧型和乏氧型两类细胞组成，其中有氧癌细胞易被放射线杀死，但乏氧癌细胞却对常规放疗所用的X 射线、伽玛射线以及电子束不敏感，耐受性强，不易杀死，这也就是常规放疗后癌症容易复发的主要原因。但奇特的是，这种乏氧癌细胞对中子射线却特别敏感。经中子射线照射后，肿瘤部位乏氧细胞的复活率几乎为零，术后癌症复发率极低，这就是中子治癌的独特优势。 3.针对难治性癌症的新治疗方式： 对于侵入性，多发性，复发性，抗辐射性，不能手术的癌症，以及放射治疗适应不良的癌症都可以尝试硼中子俘获治疗。 4.可通过PET-CT提前预测疗效： 通过名为FBPA-PET的核医学检查，可以提前确认硼药剂在癌细胞中的聚合程度。由此判断硼药剂会被肿瘤吸收多少。 硼中子俘获疗法的治疗流程是什么？ 疗程：根据病情不同，最短的疗程仅需照射 1 次，照射时间为 30 分钟。 第1步预先施用特定的“硼化合物”，其仅被癌细胞吸收并在癌细胞中累积。 第2步当硼携带剂在肿瘤组织与正常组织的浓度比值（T/N比值）达到高峰时，用中子束照射肿瘤部位。 第3步硼化合物与中子碰撞并通过“α射线”从内部杀死癌细胞，“α射线”是裂变产生的一种粒子束。 如何申请硼中子俘获疗法？ 2020年，中国科学院高能物理研究所召开发布会宣布：我国首台自主研发加速器硼中子俘获治疗(BNCT)实验装置研制成功！并且已启动首轮细胞实验和小动物实验，这意味着，我国肿瘤治疗终于迎来了技术性革新。 但是国内的硼中子俘获疗法距离临床应用还有一段时间。 全球肿瘤医生网在此提醒大家，作为一款全新的抗癌疗法，硼中子俘获疗法确实给癌症患者带来了新的选择和希望，但是作为一种新技术，它的安全性和有效性还需要更多的临床试验数据来验证。此外，这款疗法并不适合所有的癌症患者，日本的硼中子目前只批准了头颈癌这类肿瘤部位相对表浅的癌症类型，大家一定不要把BNCT疗法“神话”。癌症治疗仍需要多学科综合治疗，选择权威的专家、医院，制定最适合自己的治疗方案才能达到好的治疗效果。 全球肿瘤医生网医学部也会持续这款疗法，一旦有最新信息，将会及时分享给大家。 期待国内早日获批造福更多患者。 本文为全球肿瘤医生网原创，未经授权严禁转载

Researchers found more unique bacteria taxa in children of normal weight than in overweight or obese children. The findings suggest that BPA exposure could promote different microbial communities in normal weight children than those in children with obesity or who are overweight. A synthetic chemical called Bisphenol A, or BPA, is widely used in the production of durable plastic products including eyewear, water bottles and epoxy resins. But it's also an endocrine disruptor, which means that it can interfere with normal hormone functions in the body. Studies suggest that high levels of exposure may be detrimental to human health in a variety of ways; it may also alter the gut microbiome. But the connections aren't clear. Researchers in Spain recently studied a group of over 100 children to identify microbes that play a role in BPA exposure and degradation, with the larger goal of understanding the complicated relationship between that process and childhood obesity. In their study, published this week in mSystems, the researchers found more unique bacteria taxa in children of normal weight than in overweight or obese children. The findings suggest that BPA exposure could promote different microbial communities in normal weight children than those in children with obesity or who are overweight. "We found that the gut microbial community responds differently to BPA exposure depending on the BMI (body-mass index) of the individual," said microbiologist Margarita Aguilera, Ph.D., at the University of Granada in Spain. Aguilera is a senior author on the study. Those connections, she said, "underscore the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and potential human pathophysiology resulting from cumulative BPA exposure." Previous studies have investigated symptoms and effects associated with BPA exposure. Others have used mouse models and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which can reveal microbes in complex mixtures of materials, like those from the gut or water. For the new study, the researchers, including Ana López-Moreno, Ph.D., who led the experimental work as part of her doctoral thesis, instead combined analyses of cultured samples with amplicon sequencing -- an approach that, to their knowledge, hasn't been used before. The results came from a study of 106 children in Spain, roughly half boys and half girls, all between the ages of 5 and 10. They had participated in the OBEMIRISK project, an effort to understand the interplay between BPA and the gut microbiome sponsored by the European Food Safety Authority. Sixty of the children were normal weight; the rest were either overweight or obese. Fecal samples from the children were exposed to several levels of BPA and allowed to incubate for 3 days. Then, the researchers used 16s rRNA sequencing and amplicon sequencing, ultimately identifying 333 BPA-resistant bacterial species. Notably, species of Clostridium and Romboutsia found in the BPA-cultured samples promoted the richness of microbiota communities. Generally, Aguilera's team noted, normal-weight children hosted a more diverse, enriched and structured network of bacteria than those found in the groups of overweight and obese children. Those results, she said, suggest that the gut microbiota in normal-weight children may be more resilient when exposed to xenobiotic substances like BPA. Knowing which microbes participate in the complex network connecting BPA, obesity and the gut microbiome, Aguilera said, could point to future interventions and policy changes that may reduce the risk of childhood obesity worldwide. In future work, she said the researchers plan to similarly investigate how exposure to other synthetic chemicals, including parabens and phthalates, may influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Her group's overarching goal, however, is to elucidate the mechanisms behind an invisible but widespread threat. "We want to raise awareness about the health risks associated with microplastics that enter our bodies, and those that circulate in the environment," Aguilera said. "It's crucial for individuals to be mindful of these concerns."