Diltiazem Malate

Riverbank filtration (RBF) is an effective pretreatment technology for drinking water, removing organic micropollutants (OMPs) mainly through biodegradation. Despite documented improvements in OMP removal with extended adaptation time, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study assessed the removal of 128 OMPs over 82 d in a simulated RBF system, identified those with improved removal, and analyzed their properties. Additionally, microbial community shifts after 400 d of lincomycin exposure were studied to understand the underlying mechanisms. We found that the removal efficiencies of 24 OMPs, including lincomycin and fluconazole, improved by 3-77 % over 82 d while being positively correlated with the presence of tertiary amides and secondary sulfonamides. Lincomycin removal efficiency rose from 20 % to 95 % over 68 days and stayed high. We identified eight potential degradation products of lincomycin, occurring primarily via hydroxylation, N-demethylation, and amide hydrolysis. Additionally, lincomycin notably increased the abundances of specific antibiotic-resistant bacteria (e.g., Thiobacillus, 8.3-fold) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (e.g., Nitrososphaera, 46.8-fold). The β-lactam resistance gene in Thiobacillus and the amoA gene in Nitrososphaera may enhance lincomycin's removal by promoting its hydrolysis and hydroxylation. Overall, this study provides insights into OMP biodegradation mechanisms and the impact of ng/L levels of lincomycin on microbial communities.

In this study, we prepared diltiazem (DTZ)‐imprinted biomaterials for TDDS using chitosan, PVA, plasticizers, and sulfosuccinic acid. DTZ and the prepared biomaterials were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. DTZ recognition properties were confirmed by the binding isotherm, Scatchard plot analysis, the adsorption of materials with structures similar to DTZ, selectivity factor (α), and the imprinting‐induced promotion of binding (IPB). Results revealed that adsorbed amount (Q) of DTZ‐imprinted biomaterials was 1.63–2.53 times higher than that of non‐imprinted biomaterials. In addition, it could be verified that DTZ‐imprinted biomaterials have a binding site for DTZ according to Scatchard plot analysis. Furthermore, the results of α and IPB indicated that the recognition capacity of the prepared DTZ‐imprinted biomaterials is superior to that non‐imprinted biomaterials. DTZ release properties were evaluated under various pH buffers and artificial skin. Results indicated that the DTZ release in buffers at low pH was faster than that in buffers at high pH. The DTZ release using artificial skin was continuous over 20 days. Furthermore, the DTZ release profile in the buffer followed the pseudo‐Fickian diffusion mechanism, whereas the profile in the artificial skin test followed a non‐Fickian diffusion mechanism.