Liposarcoma

RAHWAY, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, today announced it has initiated a Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating MK-1084, an investigational oral selective KRAS G12C inhibitor, in combination with KEYTRUDA for the first-line treatment of certain patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors harbor KRAS G12C mutations and express PD-L1 (tumor proportion score [TPS] ≥50%). “KRAS is among the most prevalent mutations in cancer and KRAS G12C is the most common KRAS mutation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,” said Dr. Marjorie Green, senior vice president and head of oncology, global clinical development, Merck Research Laboratories. “Based on early evidence showing MK-1084 in combination with KEYTRUDA had a manageable safety pro promising anti-tumor activity, we are now proceeding to a larger Phase 3 trial to evaluate this combination in certain patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.” Merck has initiated a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial (NCT06345729) evaluating once daily MK-1084 in combination with KEYTRUDA administered once every three weeks compared with KEYTRUDA plus placebo in previously untreated patients with KRAS G12C-mutated metastatic NSCLC with a PD-L1 TPS ≥50%. The trial will enroll approximately 600 patients globally. The primary endpoints of the study are progression-free survival and overall survival, and key secondary endpoints include objective response rate and duration of response. MK-1084 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1, open-label multicenter clinical trial (NCT05067283) to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of MK-1084 as monotherapy and as part of various combination therapies in patients with KRAS G12C mutant advanced solid tumors. Preliminary safety and efficacy data from this trial were previously presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress in 2023. MK-1084 is being developed through a collaboration with Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd and Astex Pharmaceuticals (UK), a wholly owned subsidiary of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. This collaboration was announced in January 2020. About MK-1084 MK-1084 is an investigational, potent and specific KRAS G12C covalent inhibitor. Mutations in KRAS are among the most prevalent mutations found in cancer, occurring with high frequency in non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic, urogenital and colorectal cancers. The KRAS G12C mutation is the most frequently observed KRAS mutation in patients, occurring in approximately 14% of non-small cell lung cancers (adenocarcinoma). Despite decades of research and recognition of the therapeutic importance of targeting KRAS, the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting KRAS mutations has been challenging. About lung cancer Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In 2022 alone, there were approximately 2.4 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths from lung cancer globally. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases. In 2024, the overall five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with lung cancer is 25% in the United States. Improved survival rates are due, in part, to earlier detection and screening, reduction in smoking, advances in diagnostic and surgical procedures, as well as the introduction of new therapies. Early detection and screening remain an important unmet need, as 44% of lung cancer cases are not found until they are advanced. About Merck’s research in lung cancer Merck is advancing research aimed at transforming the way lung cancer is treated, with a goal of improving outcomes for patients affected by this deadly disease. Through nearly 200 clinical trials evaluating more than 36,000 patients around the world, Merck is at the forefront of lung cancer research. In NSCLC, KEYTRUDA has six approved U.S. indications (see indications below) and is approved for advanced disease in more than 95 countries. Among Merck’s research efforts are trials focused on evaluating KEYTRUDA in earlier stages of lung cancer as well as identifying new combinations and coformulations with KEYTRUDA. About KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) injection, 100 mg KEYTRUDA is an anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) therapy that works by increasing the ability of the body’s immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD- L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells. Merck has the industry’s largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,600 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers. Selected KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Indications in the U.S. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is: stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) NSCLC in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated as adjuvant treatment following resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for adult patients with stage IB (T2a ≥4 cm), II, or IIIA NSCLC. See additional selected KEYTRUDA indications in the U.S. after the Selected Important Safety Information. Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA Severe and Fatal Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions KEYTRUDA is a monoclonal antibody that belongs to a class of drugs that bind to either the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, thereby removing inhibition of the immune response, potentially breaking peripheral tolerance and inducing immune-mediated adverse reactions. Immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue, can affect more than one body system simultaneously, and can occur at any time after starting treatment or after discontinuation of treatment. Important immune-mediated adverse reactions listed here may not include all possible severe and fatal immune-mediated adverse reactions. Monitor patients closely for symptoms and signs that may be clinical manifestations of underlying immune-mediated adverse reactions. Early identification and management are essential to ensure safe use of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Evaluate liver enzymes, creatinine, and thyroid function at baseline and periodically during treatment. For patients with TNBC treated with KEYTRUDA in the neoadjuvant setting, monitor blood cortisol at baseline, prior to surgery, and as clinically indicated. In cases of suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, initiate appropriate workup to exclude alternative etiologies, including infection. Institute medical management promptly, including specialty consultation as appropriate. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity of the immune-mediated adverse reaction. In general, if KEYTRUDA requires interruption or discontinuation, administer systemic corticosteroid therapy (1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent) until improvement to Grade 1 or less. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Consider administration of other systemic immunosuppressants in patients whose adverse reactions are not controlled with corticosteroid therapy. Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis. The incidence is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. Immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including fatal (0.1%), Grade 4 (0.3%), Grade 3 (0.9%), and Grade 2 (1.3%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 67% (63/94) of patients. Pneumonitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 1.3% (36) and withholding in 0.9% (26) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, 23% had recurrence. Pneumonitis resolved in 59% of the 94 patients. Pneumonitis occurred in 8% (31/389) of adult patients with cHL receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 2.3% of patients. Patients received high-dose corticosteroids for a median duration of 10 days (range: 2 days to 53 months). Pneumonitis rates were similar in patients with and without prior thoracic radiation. Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 5.4% (21) of patients. Of the patients who developed pneumonitis, 42% interrupted KEYTRUDA, 68% discontinued KEYTRUDA, and 77% had resolution. Pneumonitis occurred in 7% (41/580) of adult patients with resected NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent for adjuvant treatment of NSCLC, including fatal (0.2%), Grade 4 (0.3%), and Grade 3 (1%) adverse reactions. Patients received high-dose corticosteroids for a median duration of 10 days (range: 1 day to 2.3 months). Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 26 (4.5%) of patients. Of the patients who developed pneumonitis, 54% interrupted KEYTRUDA, 63% discontinued KEYTRUDA, and 71% had resolution. Immune-Mediated Colitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis, which may present with diarrhea. Cytomegalovirus infection/reactivation has been reported in patients with corticosteroid-refractory immune-mediated colitis. In cases of corticosteroid-refractory colitis, consider repeating infectious workup to exclude alternative etiologies. Immune-mediated colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (1.1%), and Grade 2 (0.4%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 69% (33/48); additional immunosuppressant therapy was required in 4.2% of patients. Colitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.5% (15) and withholding in 0.5% (13) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, 23% had recurrence. Colitis resolved in 85% of the 48 patients. Hepatotoxicity and Immune-Mediated Hepatitis KEYTRUDA as a Single Agent KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Immune-mediated hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.4%), and Grade 2 (0.1%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 68% (13/19) of patients; additional immunosuppressant therapy was required in 11% of patients. Hepatitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.2% (6) and withholding in 0.3% (9) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, none had recurrence. Hepatitis resolved in 79% of the 19 patients. KEYTRUDA With Axitinib KEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider monitoring more frequently as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (20%) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (13%) were seen at a higher frequency compared to KEYTRUDA alone. Fifty-nine percent of the patients with increased ALT received systemic corticosteroids. In patients with ALT ≥3 times upper limit of normal (ULN) (Grades 2-4, n=116), ALT resolved to Grades 0-1 in 94%. Among the 92 patients who were rechallenged with either KEYTRUDA (n=3) or axitinib (n=34) administered as a single agent or with both (n=55), recurrence of ALT ≥3 times ULN was observed in 1 patient receiving KEYTRUDA, 16 patients receiving axitinib, and 24 patients receiving both. All patients with a recurrence of ALT ≥3 ULN subsequently recovered from the event. Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies Adrenal Insufficiency KEYTRUDA can cause primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency. For Grade 2 or higher, initiate symptomatic treatment, including hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Adrenal insufficiency occurred in 0.8% (22/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.3%), and Grade 2 (0.3%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 77% (17/22) of patients; of these, the majority remained on systemic corticosteroids. Adrenal insufficiency led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (1) and withholding in 0.3% (8) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Hypophysitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hypophysitis. Hypophysitis can present with acute symptoms associated with mass effect such as headache, photophobia, or visual field defects. Hypophysitis can cause hypopituitarism. Initiate hormone replacement as indicated. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.3%), and Grade 2 (0.2%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 94% (16/17) of patients; of these, the majority remained on systemic corticosteroids. Hypophysitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.1% (4) and withholding in 0.3% (7) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Thyroid Disorders KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated thyroid disorders. Thyroiditis can present with or without endocrinopathy. Hypothyroidism can follow hyperthyroidism. Initiate hormone replacement for hypothyroidism or institute medical management of hyperthyroidism as clinically indicated. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.3%). None discontinued, but KEYTRUDA was withheld in <0.1% (1) of patients. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 3 (0.1%) and Grade 2 (0.8%). It led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (2) and withholding in 0.3% (7) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Hypothyroidism occurred in 8% (237/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 3 (0.1%) and Grade 2 (6.2%). It led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (1) and withholding in 0.5% (14) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. The majority of patients with hypothyroidism required long-term thyroid hormone replacement. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC, occurring in 16% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 389 adult patients with cHL (17%) receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grade 1 (6.2%) and Grade 2 (10.8%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hyperthyroidism was higher in 580 patients with resected NSCLC, occurring in 11% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent as adjuvant treatment, including Grade 3 (0.2%) hyperthyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 580 patients with resected NSCLC, occurring in 22% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent as adjuvant treatment (KEYNOTE-091), including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Which Can Present With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Monitor patients for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Initiate treatment with insulin as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Type 1 DM occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. It led to permanent discontinuation in <0.1% (1) and withholding of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (1) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Immune-Mediated Nephritis With Renal Dysfunction KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Immune-mediated nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.1%), and Grade 2 (0.1%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 89% (8/9) of patients. Nephritis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.1% (3) and withholding in 0.1% (3) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, none had recurrence. Nephritis resolved in 56% of the 9 patients. Immune-Mediated Dermatologic Adverse Reactions KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated rash or dermatitis. Exfoliative dermatitis, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, has occurred with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Topical emollients and/or topical corticosteroids may be adequate to treat mild to moderate nonexfoliative rashes. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Immune-mediated dermatologic adverse reactions occurred in 1.4% (38/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 3 (1%) and Grade 2 (0.1%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 40% (15/38) of patients. These reactions led to permanent discontinuation in 0.1% (2) and withholding of KEYTRUDA in 0.6% (16) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, 6% had recurrence. The reactions resolved in 79% of the 38 patients. Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred at an incidence of <1% (unless otherwise noted) in patients who received KEYTRUDA or were reported with the use of other anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Severe or fatal cases have been reported for some of these adverse reactions. Cardiac/Vascular: Myocarditis, pericarditis, vasculitis; Nervous System: Meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis and demyelination, myasthenic syndrome/myasthenia gravis (including exacerbation), Guillain-Barré syndrome, nerve paresis, autoimmune neuropathy; Ocular: Uveitis, iritis and other ocular inflammatory toxicities can occur. Some cases can be associated with retinal detachment. Various grades of visual impairment, including blindness, can occur. If uveitis occurs in combination with other immune-mediated adverse reactions, consider a Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like syndrome, as this may require treatment with systemic steroids to reduce the risk of permanent vision loss; Gastrointestinal: Pancreatitis, to include increases in serum amylase and lipase levels, gastritis, duodenitis; Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue: Myositis/polymyositis, rhabdomyolysis (and associated sequelae, including renal failure), arthritis (1.5%), polymyalgia rheumatica; Endocrine: Hypoparathyroidism; Hematologic/Immune: Hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi lymphadenitis), sarcoidosis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, solid organ transplant rejection, other transplant (including corneal graft) rejection. Infusion-Related Reactions KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 0.2% of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA. Monitor for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions. Interrupt or slow the rate of infusion for Grade 1 or Grade 2 reactions. For Grade 3 or Grade 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA. Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Fatal and other serious complications can occur in patients who receive allogeneic HSCT before or after anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Transplant-related complications include hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), acute and chronic GVHD, hepatic veno-occlusive disease after reduced intensity conditioning, and steroid-requiring febrile syndrome (without an identified infectious cause). These complications may occur despite intervening therapy between anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment and allogeneic HSCT. Follow patients closely for evidence of these complications and intervene promptly. Consider the benefit vs risks of using anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments prior to or after an allogeneic HSCT. Increased Mortality in Patients With Multiple Myeloma In trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with an anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled trials. Embryofetal Toxicity Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA and advise them to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose. Adverse Reactions In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA were fatigue (28%), diarrhea (26%), rash (24%), and nausea (21%). In KEYNOTE-054, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent to patients with stage III melanoma, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 509 patients; the most common (≥1%) were pneumonitis (1.4%), colitis (1.2%), and diarrhea (1%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. The most common adverse reaction (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA was diarrhea (28%). In KEYNOTE-716, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent to patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma, adverse reactions occurring in patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma were similar to those occurring in 1011 patients with stage III melanoma from KEYNOTE-054. In KEYNOTE-189, when KEYTRUDA was administered with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 20% of 405 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis (3%) and acute kidney injury (2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA were nausea (56%), fatigue (56%), constipation (35%), diarrhea (31%), decreased appetite (28%), rash (25%), vomiting (24%), cough (21%), dyspnea (21%), and pyrexia (20%). In KEYNOTE-407, when KEYTRUDA was administered with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound in metastatic squamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 101 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-407 were similar to those observed in KEYNOTE-189 with the exception that increased incidences of alopecia (47% vs 36%) and peripheral neuropathy (31% vs 25%) were observed in the KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy arm compared to the placebo and chemotherapy arm in KEYNOTE-407. In KEYNOTE-042, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 19% of 636 patients with advanced NSCLC; the most common were pneumonitis (3%), death due to unknown cause (1.6%), and pneumonia (1.4%). The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia (7%), pneumonitis (3.9%), pulmonary embolism (2.4%), and pleural effusion (2.2%). The most common adverse reaction (≥20%) was fatigue (25%). In KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC; the most common was pneumonitis (1.8%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were decreased appetite (25%), fatigue (25%), dyspnea (23%), and nausea (20%). In KEYNOTE-671, adverse reactions occurring in patients with resectable NSCLC receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy, given as neoadjuvant treatment and continued as single-agent adjuvant treatment, were generally similar to those occurring in patients in other clinical trials across tumor types receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy. The most common adverse reactions (reported in ≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy were fatigue/asthenia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, decreased appetite, rash, vomiting, cough, dyspnea, pyrexia, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, mucosal inflammation, stomatitis, headache, weight loss, abdominal pain, arthralgia, myalgia, insomnia, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, urinary tract infection, and hypothyroidism. In the neoadjuvant phase of KEYNOTE-671, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, serious adverse reactions occurred in 34% of 396 patients. The most frequent (≥2%) serious adverse reactions were pneumonia (4.8%), venous thromboembolism (3.3%), and anemia (2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1.3% of patients, including death due to unknown cause (0.8%), sepsis (0.3%), and immune-mediated lung disease (0.3%). Permanent discontinuation of any study drug due to an adverse reaction occurred in 18% of patients who received KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy; the most frequent adverse reactions (≥1%) that led to permanent discontinuation of any study drug were acute kidney injury (1.8%), interstitial lung disease (1.8%), anemia (1.5%), neutropenia (1.5%) and pneumonia (1.3%). Of the KEYTRUDA-treated patients who received neoadjuvant treatment, 6% of 396 patients did not receive surgery due to adverse reactions. The most frequent (≥1%) adverse reaction that led to cancellation of surgery in the KEYTRUDA arm was interstitial lung disease (1%). In the adjuvant phase of KEYNOTE-671, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent as adjuvant treatment, serious adverse reactions occurred in 14% of 290 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reaction was pneumonia (3.4%). One fatal adverse reaction of pulmonary hemorrhage occurred. Permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 12% of patients who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent, given as adjuvant treatment; the most frequent adverse reactions (≥1%) that led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were diarrhea (1.7%), interstitial lung disease (1.4%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (1%), and musculoskeletal pain (1%). Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-091 were generally similar to those occurring in other patients with NSCLC receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, with the exception of hypothyroidism (22%), hyperthyroidism (11%), and pneumonitis (7%). Two fatal adverse reactions of myocarditis occurred. In KEYNOTE-048, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse events in 12% of 300 patients with HNSCC; the most common adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation were sepsis (1.7%) and pneumonia (1.3%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (33%), constipation (20%), and rash (20%). In KEYNOTE-048, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin) and FU chemotherapy, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 16% of 276 patients with HNSCC. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonia (2.5%), pneumonitis (1.8%), and septic shock (1.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were nausea (51%), fatigue (49%), constipation (37%), vomiting (32%), mucosal inflammation (31%), diarrhea (29%), decreased appetite (29%), stomatitis (26%), and cough (22%). In KEYNOTE-012, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 17% of 192 patients with HNSCC. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HNSCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy, with the exception of increased incidences of facial edema and new or worsening hypothyroidism. In KEYNOTE-204, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 148 patients with cHL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 30% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; those ≥1% were pneumonitis, pneumonia, pyrexia, myocarditis, acute kidney injury, febrile neutropenia, and sepsis. Three patients died from causes other than disease progression: 2 from complications after allogeneic HSCT and 1 from unknown cause. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were upper respiratory tract infection (41%), musculoskeletal pain (32%), diarrhea (22%), and pyrexia, fatigue, rash, and cough (20% each). In KEYNOTE-087, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 5% of 210 patients with cHL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 16% of patients; those ≥1% were pneumonia, pneumonitis, pyrexia, dyspnea, GVHD, and herpes zoster. Two patients died from causes other than disease progression: 1 from GVHD after subsequent allogeneic HSCT and 1 from septic shock. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (26%), pyrexia (24%), cough (24%), musculoskeletal pain (21%), diarrhea (20%), and rash (20%). In KEYNOTE-170, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 53 patients with PMBCL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients and included arrhythmia (4%), cardiac tamponade (2%), myocardial infarction (2%), pericardial effusion (2%), and pericarditis (2%). Six (11%) patients died within 30 days of start of treatment. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were musculoskeletal pain (30%), upper respiratory tract infection and pyrexia (28% each), cough (26%), fatigue (23%), and dyspnea (21%). In KEYNOTE-A39, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with enfortumab vedotin to patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (n=440), fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.9% of patients, including acute respiratory failure (0.7%), pneumonia (0.5%), and pneumonitis/ILD (0.2%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 50% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin; the serious adverse reactions in ≥2% of patients were rash (6%), acute kidney injury (5%), pneumonitis/ILD (4.5%), urinary tract infection (3.6%), diarrhea (3.2%), pneumonia (2.3%), pyrexia (2%), and hyperglycemia (2%). Permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA occurred in 27% of patients. The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis/ILD (4.8%) and rash (3.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) occurring in patients treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin were rash (68%), peripheral neuropathy (67%), fatigue (51%), pruritus (41%), diarrhea (38%), alopecia (35%), weight loss (33%), decreased appetite (33%), nausea (26%), constipation (26%), dry eye (24%), dysgeusia (21%), and urinary tract infection (21%). In KEYNOTE-052, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of 370 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 42% of patients; those ≥2% were urinary tract infection, hematuria, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and urosepsis. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (24%), decreased appetite (22%), constipation (21%), rash (21%), and diarrhea (20%). In KEYNOTE-045, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 266 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.9%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of KEYTRUDA-treated patients; those ≥2% were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, anemia, and pneumonitis. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients who received KEYTRUDA were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (32%), pruritus (23%), decreased appetite (21%), nausea (21%), and rash (20%). In KEYNOTE-057, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of 148 patients with high-risk NMIBC. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.4%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 28% of patients; those ≥2% were pneumonia (3%), cardiac ischemia (2%), colitis (2%), pulmonary embolism (2%), sepsis (2%), and urinary tract infection (2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (29%), diarrhea (24%), and rash (24%). Adverse reactions occurring in patients with MSI-H or dMMR CRC were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy. In KEYNOTE-158 and KEYNOTE-164, adverse reactions occurring in patients with MSI-H or dMMR cancer were similar to those occurring in patients with other solid tumors who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. In KEYNOTE-811, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 6% of 217 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2+ gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation was pneumonitis (1.4%). In the KEYTRUDA arm versus placebo, there was a difference of ≥5% incidence between patients treated with KEYTRUDA versus standard of care for diarrhea (53% vs 44%) and nausea (49% vs 44%). In KEYNOTE-859, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of 785 patients. Serious adverse reactions in >2% of patients included pneumonia (4.1%), diarrhea (3.9%), hemorrhage (3.9%), and vomiting (2.4%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 8% of patients who received KEYTRUDA including infection (2.3%) and thromboembolism (1.3%). KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥1%) were infections (1.8%) and diarrhea (1.0%). The most common adverse reactions (reported in ≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy were peripheral neuropathy (47%), nausea (46%), fatigue (40%), diarrhea (36%), vomiting (34%), decreased appetite (29%), abdominal pain (26%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (25%), constipation (22%), and weight loss (20%). In KEYNOTE-590, when KEYTRUDA was administered with cisplatin and fluorouracil to patients with metastatic or locally advanced esophageal or GEJ (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the GEJ) carcinoma who were not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 370 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥1%) were pneumonitis (1.6%), acute kidney injury (1.1%), and pneumonia (1.1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy were nausea (67%), fatigue (57%), decreased appetite (44%), constipation (40%), diarrhea (36%), vomiting (34%), stomatitis (27%), and weight loss (24%). Adverse reactions occurring in patients with esophageal cancer who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy. In KEYNOTE-A18, when KEYTRUDA was administered with CRT (cisplatin plus external beam radiation therapy [EBRT] followed by brachytherapy [BT]) to patients with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA cervical cancer, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1.4% of 292 patients, including 1 case each (0.3%) of large intestinal perforation, urosepsis, sepsis, and vaginal hemorrhage. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 30% of patients; those ≥1% included urinary tract infection (2.7%), urosepsis (1.4%), and sepsis (1%). KEYTRUDA was discontinued for adverse reactions in 7% of patients. The most common adverse reaction (≥1%) resulting in permanent discontinuation was diarrhea (1%). For patients treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with CRT, the most common adverse reactions (≥10%) were nausea (56%), diarrhea (50%), vomiting (33%), urinary tract infection (32%), fatigue (26%), hypothyroidism (20%), constipation (18%), decreased appetite and weight loss (17% each), abdominal pain and pyrexia (12% each), hyperthyroidism, dysuria, rash (11% each), and pelvic pain (10%). In KEYNOTE-826, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin or paclitaxel and carboplatin, with or without bevacizumab (n=307), to patients with persistent, recurrent, or first-line metastatic cervical cancer regardless of tumor PD-L1 expression who had not been treated with chemotherapy except when used concurrently as a radio-sensitizing agent, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 4.6% of patients, including 3 cases of hemorrhage, 2 cases each of sepsis and due to unknown causes, and 1 case each of acute myocardial infarction, autoimmune encephalitis, cardiac arrest, cerebrovascular accident, femur fracture with perioperative pulmonary embolus, intestinal perforation, and pelvic infection. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 50% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab; those ≥3% were febrile neutropenia (6.8%), urinary tract infection (5.2%), anemia (4.6%), and acute kidney injury and sepsis (3.3% each). KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 15% of patients due to adverse reactions. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation (≥1%) was colitis (1%). For patients treated with KEYTRUDA, chemotherapy, and bevacizumab (n=196), the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were peripheral neuropathy (62%), alopecia (58%), anemia (55%), fatigue/asthenia (53%), nausea and neutropenia (41% each), diarrhea (39%), hypertension and thrombocytopenia (35% each), constipation and arthralgia (31% each), vomiting (30%), urinary tract infection (27%), rash (26%), leukopenia (24%), hypothyroidism (22%), and decreased appetite (21%). For patients treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab, the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were peripheral neuropathy (58%), alopecia (56%), fatigue (47%), nausea (40%), diarrhea (36%), constipation (28%), arthralgia (27%), vomiting (26%), hypertension and urinary tract infection (24% each), and rash (22%). In KEYNOTE-158, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 98 patients with previously treated recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; the most frequent included anemia (7%), fistula, hemorrhage, and infections [except urinary tract infections] (4.1% each). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (43%), musculoskeletal pain (27%), diarrhea (23%), pain and abdominal pain (22% each), and decreased appetite (21%). In KEYNOTE-394, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 13% of 299 patients with previously treated hepatocellular carcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was ascites (2.3%). The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving KEYTRUDA (≥10%) were pyrexia (18%), rash (18%), diarrhea (16%), decreased appetite (15%), pruritis (12%), upper respiratory tract infection (11%), cough (11%), and hypothyroidism (10%). In KEYNOTE-966, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, KEYTRUDA was discontinued for adverse reactions in 15% of 529 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥1%) was pneumonitis (1.3%). Adverse reactions leading to the interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 55% of patients. The most common adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA (≥2%) were decreased neutrophil count (18%), decreased platelet count (10%), anemia (6%), decreased white blood cell count (4%), pyrexia (3.8%), fatigue (3.0%), cholangitis (2.8%), increased ALT (2.6%), increased AST (2.5%), and biliary obstruction (2.3%). In KEYNOTE-017 and KEYNOTE-913, adverse reactions occurring in patients with MCC (n=105) were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. In KEYNOTE-426, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with axitinib, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.3% of 429 patients. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 40% of patients, the most frequent (≥1%) were hepatotoxicity (7%), diarrhea (4.2%), acute kidney injury (2.3%), dehydration (1%), and pneumonitis (1%). Permanent discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 31% of patients; KEYTRUDA only (13%), axitinib only (13%), and the combination (8%); the most common were hepatotoxicity (13%), diarrhea/colitis (1.9%), acute kidney injury (1.6%), and cerebrovascular accident (1.2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were diarrhea (56%), fatigue/asthenia (52%), hypertension (48%), hepatotoxicity (39%), hypothyroidism (35%), decreased appetite (30%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (28%), nausea (28%), stomatitis/mucosal inflammation (27%), dysphonia (25%), rash (25%), cough (21%), and constipation (21%). In KEYNOTE-564, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent for the adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma, serious adverse reactions occurred in 20% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; the serious adverse reactions (≥1%) were acute kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency, pneumonia, colitis, and diabetic ketoacidosis (1% each). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 0.2% including 1 case of pneumonia. Discontinuation of KEYTRUDA due to adverse reactions occurred in 21% of 488 patients; the most common (≥1%) were increased ALT (1.6%), colitis (1%), and adrenal insufficiency (1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were musculoskeletal pain (41%), fatigue (40%), rash (30%), diarrhea (27%), pruritus (23%), and hypothyroidism (21%). Adverse reactions occurring in patients with MSI-H or dMMR endometrial carcinoma who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with TMB-H cancer were similar to those occurring in patients with other solid tumors who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with recurrent or metastatic cSCC or locally advanced cSCC were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy. In KEYNOTE-522, when KEYTRUDA was administered with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin or epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by surgery and continued adjuvant treatment with KEYTRUDA as a single agent (n=778) to patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated, high-risk early-stage TNBC, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 0.9% of patients, including 1 each of adrenal crisis, autoimmune encephalitis, hepatitis, pneumonia, pneumonitis, pulmonary embolism, and sepsis in association with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and myocardial infarction. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 44% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; those ≥2% were febrile neutropenia (15%), pyrexia (3.7%), anemia (2.6%), and neutropenia (2.2%). KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 20% of patients due to adverse reactions. The most common reactions (≥1%) resulting in permanent discontinuation were increased ALT (2.7%), increased AST (1.5%), and rash (1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA were fatigue (70%), nausea (67%), alopecia (61%), rash (52%), constipation (42%), diarrhea and peripheral neuropathy (41% each), stomatitis (34%), vomiting (31%), headache (30%), arthralgia (29%), pyrexia (28%), cough (26%), abdominal pain (24%), decreased appetite (23%), insomnia (21%), and myalgia (20%). In KEYNOTE-355, when KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy (paclitaxel, paclitaxel protein-bound, or gemcitabine and carboplatin) were administered to patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC who had not been previously treated with chemotherapy in the metastatic setting (n=596), fatal adverse reactions occurred in 2.5% of patients, including cardio-respiratory arrest (0.7%) and septic shock (0.3%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 30% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy; the serious reactions in ≥2% were pneumonia (2.9%), anemia (2.2%), and thrombocytopenia (2%). KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 11% of patients due to adverse reactions. The most common reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation (≥1%) were increased ALT (2.2%), increased AST (1.5%), and pneumonitis (1.2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy were fatigue (48%), nausea (44%), alopecia (34%), diarrhea and constipation (28% each), vomiting and rash (26% each), cough (23%), decreased appetite (21%), and headache (20%). Lactation Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose. Pediatric Use In KEYNOTE-051, 173 pediatric patients (65 pediatric patients aged 6 months to younger than 12 years and 108 pediatric patients aged 12 years to 17 years) were administered KEYTRUDA 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The median duration of exposure was 2.1 months (range: 1 day to 25 months). Adverse reactions that occurred at a ≥10% higher rate in pediatric patients when compared to adults were pyrexia (33%), leukopenia (31%), vomiting (29%), neutropenia (28%), headache (25%), abdominal pain (23%), thrombocytopenia (22%), Grade 3 anemia (17%), decreased lymphocyte count (13%), and decreased white blood cell count (11%). Geriatric Use Of the 564 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin, 44% (n=247) were 65-74 years and 26% (n=144) were 75 years or older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years of age or older and younger patients. Patients 75 years of age or older treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin experienced a higher incidence of fatal adverse reactions than younger patients. The incidence of fatal adverse reactions was 4% in patients younger than 75 and 7% in patients 75 years or older. Additional Selected KEYTRUDA Indications in the U.S. Melanoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with stage IIB, IIC, or III melanoma following complete resection. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy. Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy. Urothelial Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with enfortumab vedotin, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy, or who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy. Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Gastric Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval of this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. KEYTRUDA, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Esophageal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the GEJ) carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation either: in combination with platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, or as a single agent after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy for patients with tumors of squamous cell histology that express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Cervical Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), is indicated for the treatment of patients with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA cervical cancer. KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Hepatocellular Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to hepatitis B who have received prior systemic therapy other than a PD-1/PD-L1-containing regimen. Biliary Tract Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). Merkel Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Renal Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with RCC at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. Endometrial Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is MSI-H or dMMR, as determined by an FDA-approved test, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Tumor Mutational Burden-High Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) or locally advanced cSCC that is not curable by surgery or radiation. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Merck’s focus on cancer Our goal is to translate breakthrough science into innovative oncology medicines to help people with cancer worldwide. At Merck, the potential to bring new hope to people with cancer drives our purpose and supporting accessibility to our cancer medicines is our commitment. As part of our focus on cancer, Merck is committed to exploring the potential of immuno-oncology with one of the largest development programs in the industry across more than 30 tumor types. We also continue to strengthen our portfolio through strategic acquisitions and are prioritizing the development of several promising oncology candidates with the potential to improve the treatment of advanced cancers. For more information about our oncology clinical trials, visit . About Merck At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world – and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visit and connect with us on X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn. Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA (the “company”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline candidates that the candidates will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the company’s ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the company’s patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SEC’s Internet site ( ). Please see Prescribing Information for KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) at and Medication Guide for KEYTRUDA at . View source version on businesswire.com: Contacts Media Contacts: Julie Cunningham (617) 519-6264 Justine Moore (347) 281-3754 Investor Contacts: Peter Dannenbaum (732) 594-1579 Damini Chokshi (732) 594-1577 Source: Merck & Co., Inc. View this news release online at:

「  本文共：15条资讯，阅读时长约：3分钟 」今日头条礼邦肾病创新药获孤儿药资格。礼邦医药创新药物AP303获FDA授予孤儿药资格，用于治疗常染色体显性多囊肾病（ADPKD）。这是最常见的单基因肾病，也是全球导致成人终末期肾病的主要原因之一。在临床前ADPKD小鼠模型研究中，AP303已显示出提高肾脏存活率的潜力。目前该新药已完成用于健康受试者的首次人体试验，即将开展针对ADPKD的Ⅱ期临床研究。国内药讯1.AZ降血压新药启动Ⅲ期临床。阿斯利康新型醛固酮合成酶抑制剂（ASI）baxdrostat在中国登记启动一项国际（含中国）Ⅲ期临床，拟评估用于治疗接受两种或两种以上药物治疗且未受控制的亚洲高血压受试者（包括难治性高血压受试者）的有效性和安全性。该项试验中国部分由上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院王继光博士担任主要研究者。去年1月，阿斯利康通过收购CinCor Pharma获得了这款新药。2.信达两款新药拟纳入突破性治疗品种。信达生物CTLA-4单抗IBI310及PD-1抑制剂信迪利单抗两款产品获CDE拟纳入突破性治疗品种，适应症为：“IBI310联合信迪利单抗用于可切除的高微卫星不稳定性（MSI-H）或错配修复基因缺陷型（dMMR）结肠癌的新辅助治疗”。值得一提的是，该组合疗法针对上述适应症刚启动一项III期临床（Neoshot），目前已完成首例受试者给药。3.海思科镇痛新药获批新IND。海思科1类化药HSK16149胶囊获国家药监局临床试验默示许可，拟开发治疗中枢神经病理性疼痛。HSK16149是一种电压门控钙离子通道类新型镇痛药，可与钙离子通道α2δ亚受体结合，具备高靶点选择性、强效镇痛、长效镇痛、中枢副作用小等特点。目前该新药用于治疗糖尿病周围神经痛、以及带状疱疹后遗神经痛的两个NDA申请均在接受CDE监管审查。4.三迭纪又一款新药获批IND。三迭纪2.2类化药D23（布地奈德迟释片）获国家药监局临床许可，拟开发用于降低有快速疾病进展风险的原发性免疫球蛋白A肾病（IgAN）成人患者的蛋白尿，一般为尿蛋白/肌酐比值（UPCR）≥1.5g/g。这是一款改良型新药，采用三迭纪的熔融挤出沉积工艺，并基于3D微结构调释平台开发。目前，该公司已有5款3D打印药物获批临床。5.科弈双靶点CAR-T获批新IND。科弈药业1类生物制品“KQ-2003自体嵌合抗原受体T细胞注射液”获国家药监局临床试验默示许可，拟开发用于治疗复发/难治性POEMS综合征。KQ-2003能同时靶向B细胞成熟抗原（BCMA）和CD19两个治疗靶点。去年8月，该新药已获批开展Ⅰ期临床，评估用于四线及以上治疗复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的安全性与初步疗效。国际药讯1.AZ罕见病新药获FDA批准上市。阿斯利康“first-in-class”口服补体因子D抑制剂Voydeya（danicopan）获FDA批准上市，联合标准疗法补体因子C5抑制剂Ultomiris（ravulizumab）或Soliris（eculizumab）辅助治疗阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（PNH）成人患者的血管外溶血（EVH）状况。在III期ALPHA临床中，Voydeya联合治疗与标准疗法相比，患者第12周时血红蛋白水平的最小二乘均值（LSM）相对于基线的变化显著增加（2.94 g/dL vs 0.50 g/dL，p<0.0001）。2.卫材/渤健Aβ抗体在美报sBLA。卫材/渤健Aβ抗体仑卡奈单抗（Lecanemab，Leqembi）静脉注射（IV）剂型向FDA递交补充上市申请（sBLA），用于维持治疗早期阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者。在Clarity AD（Study 301）研究中，lecanemab较安慰剂使患者的临床痴呆症评分总表（CDR-SB）分数下降了27%；轻度认知障碍-日常生活能力量表评分（ADCSMCI-ADL）也下降了37%。此外，仑卡奈单抗皮下注射（SC）剂型也即将提交用于维持治疗AD的BLA申请。3.罗氏gMG新药达Ⅲ期主要终点。罗氏宣布其IL-6R抗体Enspryng治疗全身型重症肌无力（gMG）的Ⅲ期临床LUMINSCE达到主要终点，但临床获益程度未达到预期。此外，药物安全性与Enspryng在治疗视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍（NMOSD）中的安全性一致。详细结果将公布于4月15日在科罗拉多州丹佛市举行的美国神经病学学会（AAN）2024年年会上。NMOSD是该药的第一适应症。4.癌症TCR-T见刊《柳叶刀》。Adaptimmune公司靶向MAGE-A4的TCR-T疗法afami-cel治疗滑膜肉瘤和粘液样圆细胞脂肪肉瘤的Ⅱ期临床SPEARHEAD-1积极结果发表于《柳叶刀》上。中位随访为32.6个月时，滑膜肉瘤患者的ORR为39%，粘液样圆细胞脂肪肉瘤患者的ORR为25%。此前，FDA已授予其治疗软组织肉瘤的孤儿药资格和治疗滑膜肉瘤的再生医学先进疗法认定，并将其针对晚期滑膜肉瘤的上市申请纳入优先审评。5.长效GLP-2激动剂Ⅱ期临床积极。Ironwood公司GLP-2激动剂apraglutide治疗类固醇难治性胃肠道急性移植物抗宿主病（SR GI aGVHD）患者的Ⅱ期探索性研究STARGAZE结果积极。患者在标准治疗的基础上接受一周一次的apraglutide治疗，大多数患者在第28天实现下消化道应答，疗效维持长达56天，且药物安全性和耐受性良好。详细结果将在医学大会上发布。6.自免病CAR-T硬化症研究见刊。Kyverna公司靶向CD19的自体CAR-T产品KYV-101在《Med》杂志上发表其用于治疗进展期多发性硬化症（MS）的临床研究积极数据。KYV-101旨在深度诱导血液循环和组织，实现B细胞完全耗竭，对B细胞驱动的自身免疫性疾病具有治疗潜力。研究结果显示，药物总体安全性可控，未观察到早期神经毒性的临床症状。今年1月，该新药已获得FDA授予治疗MS的快速通道资格。医药热点1.吕凌任徐州医科大学附属医院党委书记。3月27日下午，徐州医科大学附属医院召开干部大会，宣布徐州医科大学党委关于医院干部任免决定：吕凌同志任附属医院党委书记，王远清同志任附属医院党委副书记，王人颢同志因年龄原因不再担任附属医院党委书记职务。公开信息显示，吕凌，主任医师，教授，博士生导师，专业主攻方向为：移植免疫与再生修复的转化研究。此前，吕凌任徐州医科大学党委常委、副校长。2.FDA紧急一级召回一款心脏泵。当地时间3月30日，FDA要求强生子公司Abiomed召回旗下Impella系列介入心脏泵，召回等级为最严重的一级召回。据悉，心脏泵能够在医疗过程中或严重心脏病发作后对心室中的血液泵送提供短期支持。FDA表示，召回这款心脏泵的原因是，其泵导管在手术过程中可能会刺穿心脏左心室壁并导致严重的不良后果，包括左心室穿孔、离壁破裂、高血压供血不足以及死亡。数据显示，该产品已导致129人重伤，其中49人死亡。3.伦敦两家生育中心冻卵爆出丑闻。据英国《每日邮报》3月30日报道，因在冷冻过程中出现错误导致大量卵子无法存活，英国人工受精与胚胎学管理局（HFEA）已吊销霍默顿生育中心的运营许可，并对其存在的问题进行调查。霍默顿生育中心还因涉嫌瞒报事故正接受英国警方的调查。据悉，卵子冷冻是试管婴儿手术的重要组成部分，该手术在英国平均价格约为4000英镑，卵子后续的存储费用平均每年在15至350英镑之间。评审动态  1. CDE新药受理情况（04月01日) 2. FDA新药获批情况（北美03月29日）股市资讯上个交易日 A 股医药板块 +1.83%涨幅前三     跌幅前三仟源医药+20.00%  景峰医药 -9.92%康华生物+12.36%  *ST 太安 -4.84%瑞普生物+10.81%  ST 南卫 -3.81%【泰恩康】收到国家药品监督管理局签发的米诺地尔搽剂境内生产药品注册上市许可申请《受理通知书》。【透景生命】子公司取得江西省药品监督管理局颁发的8项医疗器械注册证，包括“抗缪勒氏管激素测定试剂盒(流式荧光发光法)、抗磷脂酶A2受体抗体测定试剂盒(流式荧光发光法)、抗缪勒氏管激素测定试剂盒(化学发光免疫分析法)、涎液化糖链抗原-6测定试剂盒(胶乳免疫比浊法)、胃泌素17测定试剂盒(流式荧光发光法)、脂联素测定试剂盒(胶乳免疫比浊法)、胃泌素17测定试剂盒(化学发光免疫分析法)、特异性生长因子测定试剂盒(化学法)”。【新产业】公司发明侧吸组件收到国家知识产权局颁发的《发明专利证书》;公司发明的样本分析仪收到日本特许厅颁发的《发明专利证书》。- The End -戳“阅读原文”，了解更多医药研发及股市资讯。

*首批定义：药物全球首次获批上市全球药物研发进展1.阿斯利康长效C5补体抑制剂Ultomiris获FDA批准治疗视神经脊髓炎3月25日，阿斯利康宣布FDA已经批准Ultomiris（ravulizumab-cwvz）新适应症上市，用于治疗抗水通道蛋白4（AQP4）抗体阳性（Ab+）视神经脊髓炎（NMOSD）。新闻稿指出，这是首款也是唯一一款能够使得此类患者摆脱复发的长效C5补体抑制剂。Ultomiris是一款长效补体C5抑制剂，最早于2018年12月获FDA批准上市，用于治疗阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（PNH）；2021年9月，Ultomiris新适应症获FDA批准，用于治疗非典型溶血性尿毒症综合征（aHUS）的成人及儿童（一个月以上）患者；2022年4月，Ultomiris第3项适应症获FDA批准，用于治疗成人全身型重症肌无力（gMG）。本次新适应症获批主要是基于一项III期CHAMPION-NMOSD研究数据。2.Esperion口服降脂疗法获FDA批准预防心脏病近日，Esperion公司宣布，美国FDA基于CLEAR Outcomes研究的积极数据，批准了Nexletol（bempedoic acid）和Nexlizet（bempedoic acid/ezetimibe）扩展适应症，用于在一级预防和二级预防群体中降低心血管疾病风险和进一步降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。此外，扩展标签支持Nexletol和Nexlizet作为单药或者与他汀类药物联合使用。它们还获批作为单药或与他汀类药物联用，治疗原发性高脂血症。新闻稿指出，这是首款获批用于一级预防人群的非他汀类LDL-C降低药物。Esperion公司表示，FDA的批准有望让能够从Nexletol和Nexlizet获益的群体增长7倍。3.瑞波西汀治疗发作性睡病III期研究成功3月25日，Axsome宣布AXS-12（瑞波西汀）治疗发作性睡病的III期SYMPHONY研究达到了主要终点，即AXS-12可以显著降低发作性睡病患者的猝倒频率。SYMPHONY研究是一项随机、双盲、多中心、安慰剂对照临床试验（n=90），评估了AXS-12（5mg，第1周每日1次，第2-5周每日2次）在发作性睡病患者中的疗效和安全性。研究的主要终点为每周猝倒发作频率的变化，关键次要终点为日间嗜睡（EDS）的严重程度（通过临床医生整体印象-严重程度（CGI-S）量表评分客观评估，通过Epworth嗜睡量表（ESS）评分主观评价）变化。结果显示，与安慰剂组相比，AXS-12组患者每周猝倒发作频率较基线显著降低（-83% vs. -66%，p=0.018）。并且，在第1周时AXS-12即可迅速降低患者的猝倒发作频率（-56% vs. -31%，p=0.007）。此外，AXS-12不仅提高了达到猝倒缓解（定义为猝倒发作频率降低100%）的患者比例（33% vs. 9.5%，p=0.008）还增加了无猝倒症状的天数（+84.5% vs. +22.6%，p=0.014）。AXS-12是一种高选择性且强效的去甲肾上腺素再摄取（NET）抑制剂和皮质多巴胺调节剂。此前，AXS-12已被获批用于治疗抑郁症。4.降低发作率85%！反义寡核苷酸疗法STK-001积极临床数据公布近日，Stoke Therapeutics公布其在研反义寡核苷酸（ASO）疗法STK-001在两项1/2a期试验与两项开放标签扩展（OLE）试验中，治疗Dravet综合征儿童和青少年患者的积极数据。分析显示，STK-001在给药后3个月可显著且持久地降低患者癫痫发作频率达85%，且药物的耐受性良好。Stoke将与监管机构讨论相关随机对照注册研究计划，以进一步推动STK-001的开发。所公布的1/2a期研究是多中心、开放标签试验，旨在检视STK-001用于治疗2-18岁Dravet综合征儿童和青少年患者的安全性、耐受性、药代动力学特性与潜在疗效。1/2a期研究结束时数据显示，在使用现有抗癫痫药物之外接受70 mg STK-001治疗患者的癫痫发作频率显著且持久下降。在最后一次给药后3个月，患者癫痫发作中位下降85%（n=10），6个月时中位下降74%（n=9）。此外，OLE研究分析显示，12个月时，患者在多种认知和行为测量中观察到具有临床意义的改善，包括Vineland适应性行为量表（VINELAND-3）中的多个参数，这些结果支持STK-001具有改变疾病进展的潜力。5.Viking创新口服减肥疗法VK2735临床结果积极，4周体重下降近10斤3月27日，Viking Therapeutics公司宣布，该公司的口服疗法VK2735在治疗肥胖症的1期临床试验中获得积极结果，接受最高剂量治疗的参与者在28天后体重减少5.3%。VK2735是一种双重激动剂，针对胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP）受体，目前正在开发用于治疗肥胖等代谢紊乱。基于这些1期试验结果，该公司计划在今年晚些时候，启动VK2735口服剂型治疗肥胖的2期临床试验。这项为期28天的剂量递增研究结果突显了口服VK2735治疗的积极临床活性。接受VK2735治疗的患者队列显示出剂量依赖性体重减少，与基线相比最高达到5.3%（4.9公斤）。接受VK2735治疗的队列与安慰剂相比也显示平均体重减少，最高可达3.3%。对于在28天后至少达到体重减轻5%的受试者比例的探索性评估显示，57%接受最高剂量VK2735治疗的受试者实现了≥5%的体重减轻，而安慰剂组这一数值为0%。基于对体重减轻轨迹的初步评估，该公司认为，治疗持续时间如果超过28天可能会进一步减少体重。口服VK2735显示出良好的安全性和耐受性。在接受VK2735治疗的受试者中，所有治疗后出现的不良事件（TEAEs）均为轻度或中度，其中大多数（76%）报告为轻度。基于积极的体重减轻以及安全性和耐受性结果，该公司已决定在此研究中继续进一步剂量升级。Viking还计划在2024年下半年，针对肥胖患者启动口服VK2735的2期试验。6.显著抑制肺癌患者脑转移瘤生长，Novocure创新疗法达到3期临床主要终点3月28日，Novocure公司宣布，3期临床试验METIS达到了其主要终点，显示采用肿瘤治疗电场（TTFields）疗法和支持性护理相结合，与支持性护理相比，在含1-10个脑转移灶的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者中，显著延长患者无颅内进展的时间。接受肿瘤治疗电场和支持性护理治疗的患者，其中位无颅内进展的时间为21.9个月，而仅接受支持性护理的患者这一数值为11.3个月（n=298，HR=0.67，P=0.016）。Novocure公司开发的肿瘤治疗电场利用调制到特定频率的电场，让细胞分裂中需要在细胞中移动到特定位置的极性分子无法正常移动，从而破坏细胞分裂，抑制肿瘤的生长。肿瘤治疗电场不会刺激或加热组织，对健康细胞造成的损伤极小，轻度至中度皮肤刺激是报告的最常见副作用。它已经获得美国FDA的批准，用于治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤和胶质母细胞瘤。在中国也获得批准治疗胶质母细胞瘤。这一治疗模式还在多项临床试验中与其它疗法联用，治疗肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、脑转移瘤等多种癌症类型。再鼎医药拥有这一疗法在大中华区的开发权益。7.Syndax潜在“first-in-class”小分子药物获FDA优先审评资格近日，Syndax Pharmaceuticals宣布，美国FDA接受其为在研疗法revumenib递交的新药申请（NDA）并授予其优先审评资格，用于治疗携带KMT2A重排（KMT2Ar）的复发/难治性急性白血病患者。Revumenib是一款潜在“first-in-class”的menin抑制剂。该NDA的提交得到了来自关键性临床试验AUGMENT-101的积极数据的支持，该试验研究了revumenib对携带KMT2Ar的急性髓系白血病（AML）和急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）成人和儿科患者的疗效。如先前报告，该试验在中期分析中达到了主要终点，在携带KMT2Ar的急性白血病人群中，57名可评估患者中有23%（13/57；95% CI：12.7，35.8，单边p=0.0036）达到完全缓解（CR）或带部分血液学恢复的完全缓解（CRh）。在达到CR/CRh且进行了最小残留病（MRD）评估的患者中，70%的患者MRD为阴性。此外，患者中的总缓解率（ORR）达到63%（36/57）。Revumenib是一种针对menin-KMT2A相互作用的强效、选择性小分子抑制剂。Revumenib已被FDA和欧洲委员会授予孤儿药资格，用于治疗AML患者，并被FDA授予快速通道资格，用于治疗携带KMT2A重排或NPM1突变的成人和儿科复发/难治性急性白血病患者。Revumenib还被FDA授予突破性疗法指定，用于治疗携带KMT2A重排的成人和儿科复发/难治性急性白血病患者。8.吉利德抗病毒疗法获FDA批准扩展适用范围3月28日，吉利德科学宣布，美国FDA已批准Vemlidy（tenofovir alafenamide）片剂的补充新药申请（sNDA），用于每日一次（25 mg）治疗六岁及以上儿童慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）患者。这些患者的体重至少25公斤，并患有代偿性肝病。Vemlidy获批准用于治疗这一儿科患者群体主要是基于一项2期临床试验（试验1092）长达96周数据的支持。该试验在18名年龄在6岁至12岁以下、未接受治疗和经历过治疗的患者中比较了Vemlidy（25 mg）与安慰剂的治疗效果，这些患者的体重至少25公斤。分析显示，Vemlidy组患者与在第24周后转用Vemlidy的安慰剂组患者，在整个96周试验期间的病毒抑制率均呈逐步增加。9.Lipocine潜在“first-in-class”肝硬化疗法2期临床试验达到主要终点3月29日，Lipocine公司宣布其潜在“first-in-class”疗法LPCN 1148用于治疗肝硬化患者的2期临床研究顶线结果。分析显示，试验达成主要终点，Lipocine计划与美国FDA会面，讨论该药物上市的开发路径。这项2期概念验证研究是一项随机安慰剂对照研究，对象是肝移植候补名单上的肝硬化男性患者，这些患者具有肌肉减少症共病。该研究的主要终点是第24周时L3-骨骼肌指数（SMI）的变化，L3-SMI是用以估计全身骨骼肌质量的指标，患者在基线以及第12、24、36和52周时接受SMI的分析。关键次要终点包括肝性脑病发生率以及LPCN 1148的安全性/耐受性。分析结果显示该试验达到主要终点，患者在第24周观察到SMI增加一直维持到52周。在改用LPCN 1148后安慰剂组患者的SMI增加。此外，LPCN 1148治疗期间，患者发生明显肝性脑病（OHE）事件较少，且首次复发OHE事件的时间亦较长。安全性方面，LPCN 1148耐受性良好，不良事件发生率和严重程度与安慰剂相似，且LPCN 1148组受试者住院天数较少。LPCN 1148是一种在研口服疗法，包含十二烷酸睾酮（testosterone dodecanoate），这是一种独特的雄激素受体激动剂。LPCN 1148开发用以治疗肝硬化和相关共病，包括肌肉减少症和OHE，为潜在"first-in-class"疗法。10.百时美施贵宝重磅KRAS抑制剂达3期试验主要终点3月29日，百时美施贵宝（Bristol Myers Squibb）宣布其KRAS G12C抑制剂Krazati（adagrasib）于治疗带有KRAS G12C突变的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的关键3期验证试验KRYSTAL-12达到无进展生存期（PFS）的主要终点和总缓解率（ORR）的关键次要终点。KRYSTAL-12是一项开放标签、多中心、随机3期研究，旨在评估Krazati与单独标准护理化疗相比，在KRAS G12C突变的NSCLC患者中的疗效与安全性。该研究的主要终点是经盲法独立中央审评（BICR）评估的PFS，次要终点包括总生存期（OS）、ORR、缓解持续时间（DOR）和安全性。这项验证性试验的结果表明，与标准护理化疗相比，Krazati作为这些患者的二线或后续疗法在PFS和ORR方面表现出统计学上显著且具有临床意义的益处。没有观察到Krazati有新的安全信号，安全数据与已知的安全概况一致。Krazati是一款具有高度特异性的强力口服KRAS G12C抑制剂，经过优化设计具有持久的靶点抑制能力。Krazati具有长达24小时的半衰期和广泛的组织分布，而且能够穿过血脑屏障，有助于最大限度地发挥药物效力。2021年6月，美国FDA授予它突破性疗法认定，并在2022年12月获FDA加速批准上市，用于治疗携带KRAS G12C突变的经治非小细胞肺癌患者。Krazati最初由Mirati Therapeutics所开发，去年10月百时美施贵宝以48亿美元款项收购Mirati，同时囊获此款疗法。再鼎医药则拥有Krazati在大中华区的研究、开发、生产及独家商业权利。更多资讯，请滑动下方文字康方生物公布PD-1/VEGF双抗治疗肺癌最新数据3月25日，康方生物宣布，其与合作伙伴Summit Therapeutics在2024年欧洲肺癌大会（ELCC）上联合发布了PD-1/VEGF双抗依沃西联合化疗或单药治疗脑转移非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效分析结果。结果显示，依沃西对NSCLC脑转移的颅内肿瘤控制效果极具临床潜力，有望成为NSCLC脑转移患者的全新高效治疗选择。2022年12月，康方生物以总交易额高达50亿美元（5亿美元首付款），外加销售净额两位数提成的合作方案，授予Summit公司在美国、欧洲、加拿大和日本的开发依沃西的独家许可权。凡恩世Claudin 18.2 × CD47双抗获FDA快速通道资格3月25日，凡恩世（Phanes Therapeutics）宣布，美国FDA授予其PT886快速通道资格，用于治疗转移性Claudin 18.2阳性胰腺癌患者。PT886是一款在研的双特异性抗体，靶向Claudin 18.2和CD47，拟开发用于治疗胃癌、胃食管交界处癌和胰腺癌。根据凡恩世公开资料介绍，PT886可通过巨噬细胞的ADCP活性和NK细胞的ADCC活性直接杀伤肿瘤细胞，并通过同时靶向肿瘤细胞表面高表达的Claudin 18.2和CD47扩大肿瘤杀伤范围。目前，PT886在美国的多中心1期临床试验（TWINPEAK研究）正在评估PT886在局部晚期或转移性胃腺癌、胃食管交界处癌和胰腺癌患者中的安全性、耐受性、药代动力学和初步疗效。石药集团司美格鲁肽获批开展减肥临床试验3月25日，石药集团发布公告，宣布其开发的司美格鲁肽注射液已获国家药品监督管理局批准，可在中国开展用于减少热量饮食和增加体力活动的基础上对成人超重或肥胖患者的体重管理适应症的临床试验，也是该产品继成人2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制后，获批临床试验的第二个适应症。司美格鲁肽是目前减重领域的最大单品，且仍在快速增长。2017年12月，司美格鲁肽首次获FDA批准上市用于治疗2型糖尿病，随后又获批了降低心血管风险事件风险、肥胖症新适应症。2021年4月，司美格鲁肽首次在国内批准上市，同时斩获了2型糖尿病及降低伴有心血管疾病的2型糖尿病成人患者的主要心血管不良事件风险两项适应症。恒瑞医药2款抗癌药拟纳入突破性治疗品种3月25日，中国国家药监局药品审评中心（CDE）官网公示，恒瑞医药申报的氟唑帕利胶囊和甲磺酸阿帕替尼片拟纳入突破性治疗品种，针对适应症为：氟唑帕利单药或联合阿帕替尼治疗gBRCA突变的HER2阴性乳腺癌。氟唑帕利是恒瑞医药研发的1类创新药，为一种新型口服PARP抑制剂。该药已经在中国获批用于胚系BRCA1/2（gBRCA1/2）突变的铂敏感复发性卵巢癌治疗，以及铂类敏感复发性卵巢癌维持治疗，无论胚系BRCA1/2突变状态如何。阿帕替尼是恒瑞医药研发一种高选择性的靶向血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2（VEGFR2）的抗血管生成药物，已经在中国获批单药治疗晚期胃腺癌或胃-食管结合部腺癌、晚期肝细胞癌，以及联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗不可切除或转移性肝细胞癌。此外，它在卵巢癌和乳腺癌等多种实体肿瘤中均显示良好的活性和安全性。罗氏PI3Kα抑制剂拟纳入突破性治疗品种，针对乳腺癌！3月25日，中国国家药监局药品审评中心（CDE）官网公示，罗氏（Roche）申报的GDC-0077（即inavolisib）拟纳入突破性治疗品种，针对适应症为：与哌柏西利和内分泌疗法联合用药适用于治疗PIK3CA突变、激素受体（HR）阳性、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）阴性的局部晚期或转移性乳腺癌成人患者。公开资料显示，inavolisib是一款靶向PI3Kα突变体的选择性抑制剂。PIK3CA基因突变在大约40%的HR阳性乳腺癌中被发现，会导致肿瘤生长失控、疾病进展和对内分泌治疗的耐药性。Inavolisib是一种具有双重作用机制的口服疗法，具有高度的体外PI3Kα抑制效力和选择性，且能够特异性触发PI3Kα蛋白突变体的分解。再生元CD3/CD20双抗上市申请遭FDA延期3月25日，再生元（Regeneron）宣布，已收到美国FDA就其CD3/CD20双抗odronextamab治疗复发/难治性（R/R）滤泡性淋巴瘤（FL）和R/R弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）的BLA申请发出的完整回复函（CRL）。再生元表示唯一原因是确证临床的入组状态问题，而与疗效或安全性、临床设计、标签或生产问题无关。由于此项BLA是基于I期ELM-1研究和II期ELM-2研究的积极结果。因此，按照规定，再生元应该药物批准之前完成确证性试验OLYMPIA的患者入组工作。据再生元介绍，作为最大的淋巴瘤临床项目OLYMPIA的一部分，公司一直在积极招募odronextamab的多个III期试验患者。OLYMPIA项目旨在改变几种B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤亚型的治疗模式（包括早期治疗线），FDA也同意了该项目，同时要求试验要包括剂量发现和确证性试验部分。剂量发现部分的患者入组已经开始，但CRL要求确证性试验部分也应该正在进行中，同时试验完成的时间表也要在重新提交申请之前达成一致。再生元表示公司将致力于与FDA和研究人员密切合作，尽快将odronextamab带给R/R FL和R/R DLBCL患者。赛隽生物干细胞药物CG-BM1异体人骨髓间充质干细胞注射液获临床试验批准3月25日，广州赛隽生物科技有限公司（下简称“赛隽生物”）自主研发的CG-BM1异体人骨髓间充质干细胞注射液，正式获得国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心的药物临床试验批准（下简称“IND”），获批的临床研究适应症为：缺血性脑卒中。这是赛隽生物三年内第三个获批IND的自研产品，此前获批适应症为“急性呼吸窘迫综合征”和“慢加急性肝衰竭”产品， 目前临床试验进展顺利。恒瑞医药公布PD-1抑制剂晚期肺鳞癌最新数据！4年总生存率近34%3月26日，恒瑞医药宣布在2024年欧洲肺癌大会（ELCC）公布了由同济大学附属东方医院周彩存教授牵头开展的CameL-sq研究的4年长期随访结果。最新生存数据显示：卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗一线治疗晚期驱动基因阴性鳞状非小细胞肺癌4年总生存期（OS）率为33.9%，较化疗组（14.3%）提升了近20%。卡瑞利珠单抗是一种人源化IgG4单克隆抗体，对PD-1具有高亲和力，已证明在多种晚期实体肿瘤治疗研究中具有生存获益。在3期CameL-sq试验中，卡瑞利珠单抗+化疗作为一线治疗可显著延长晚期鳞状NSCLC患者的无进展生存期（PFS）。和黄医药递交MET抑制剂赛沃替尼新适应症上市申请3月27日，中国国家药监局药品审评中心（CDE）官网公示，和黄医药递交了赛沃替尼片新适应症上市申请，并获得受理。根据和黄医药近期发布的年度报告，该公司计划于2024年年初提交用于一线及二线治疗MET外显子14跳跃突变非小细胞肺癌患者的中国新药上市申请，有望将在中国的适应症拓展到包括一线患者。此前，赛沃替尼已经于2021年在中国获批上市，用于治疗接受全身性治疗后疾病进展或无法接受化疗的MET外显子14跳跃突变的非小细胞肺癌患者。赛沃替尼是一种高选择性口服MET抑制剂，正广泛地于MET驱动的肺癌、胃癌和乳头状肾细胞癌患者群体中进行临床开发。患者无癌持续9个月！小分子抑制剂组合疗法积极数据公布3月27日，SELLAS生命科学集团（SELLAS Life Sciences Group）公布了其新型高选择性CDK9抑制剂SLS009与维奈托克（venetoclax，ven）和阿扎胞苷（azacitidine，aza）联合治疗对维奈托克治疗无效或不再有效的复发/难治性（r/r）急性髓系白血病（AML）患者的2a期临床试验积极结果。分析显示，SLS009展现强大的抗白血病活性。首位参与该研究并获得完全缓解（CR）的患者仍在试验当中，并在加入后9个月内保持无白血病状态。主要分析结果显示：接受每周一次45 mg SLS009治疗患者的缓解率为10%（剂量水平低于推荐2期剂量[RP2D]）。接受每周一次60 mg SLS009治疗患者的缓解率为20%。接受每周两次30 mg SLS009治疗患者的缓解率为50%。试验中观察到SLS009具有很强的抗白血病活性。在接受所有剂量水平的患者中，67%患者的骨髓母细胞减少50%或更多。首位参与该研究并获得完全缓解的患者仍在试验当中，并在加入后9个月内保持无白血病状态。SLS009与aza/ven组合在所有测试剂量水平下均具有良好的耐受性。SLS009是一款高选择性小分子CDK9抑制剂，已在多种人类细胞系和疾病动物模型中展现较好的诱导凋亡和抗增殖活性，可有效抑制多种动物模型的肿瘤生长，并显著延长生存期。临床前实验数据显示，SLS009对CDK9蛋白的选择性抑制率超过其他CDK亚型100倍以上，具有与Bcl-2抑制剂维奈托克协同治疗的潜力。全新机制基因疗法达到2b期临床试验主要终点，计划递交上市申请3月27日，Nanoscope Therapeutics宣布，其基于光遗传学的在研基因疗法MCO-010在2b期临床试验RESTORE中达到主要和关键性次要终点，显著改善患者视力。MCO-010旨在无需考虑基因突变类型，治疗因晚期视网膜色素变性（RP）导致的永久性严重视力损失。基于这些积极结果，该公司计划在今年下半年向美国FDA递交生物制品许可申请（BLA）。试验结果显示，在第52周时，接受高剂量MCO-010治疗（提高0.337 LogMAR；p=0.021）或低剂量MCO-010治疗（提高0.382 LogMAR；p=0.029）的患者组与安慰剂对照组相比，最佳矫正视力（BCVA）获得统计学上显著改善。在研究的第52周后，视觉功能的改善持续或增加，展示了单次玻璃体内注射MCO-010的持久效果。这些结果与早期1/2a期开放标签研究中观察到的结果一致。该公司计划将高剂量MCO-010作为商业化剂量。百时美施贵宝双免疫联合疗法拟纳入优先审评，一线治疗结直肠癌3月27日，中国国家药监局药品审评中心（CDE）官网公示，百时美施贵宝申报的纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗拟纳入优先审评，针对适应症为一线治疗不可切除或转移性微卫星高度不稳定性（MSI-H）或错配修复缺陷型（dMMR）结直肠癌患者。伊匹木单抗是一款CTLA-4抗体，纳武利尤单抗是一款PD-1抑制剂。根据百时美施贵宝于今年1月公布的临床研究（CheckMate-8HW）数据，与化疗相比，两药联合疗法一线治疗MSI-H/dMMR表型的mCRC患者，将疾病进展或死亡风险降低了79%。结直肠癌（CRC）是发生在结肠或直肠的恶性肿瘤，这两个器官均为人体消化系统的一部分。当DNA复制过程中负责修复错配错误的蛋白质缺失或丧失功能时，即会出现dMMR表型，从而导致MSI-H肿瘤。公开资料显示，大约5%~7%的转移性结直肠癌患者有dMMR或MSI-H肿瘤，他们不太可能从传统的化疗中获益，通常预后较差。今年1月，百时美施贵宝在美国临床肿瘤学会 （ASCO）消化肿瘤研讨会上口头报告了CheckMate-8HW研究的最新数据。这是一项3期随机、开放标签研究，评估了纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗（双免疫联合疗法组），对比纳武利尤单抗单药或研究者选择的化疗方案（mFOLFOX-6或FOLFIRI方案，联合或不联合贝伐珠单抗或西妥昔单抗）治疗MSI-H或dMMR表型的转移性结直肠癌患者的疗效。安斯泰来/辉瑞ADC+默沙东PD-1抑制剂联合疗法申报上市3月28日，中国国家药监局药品审评中心（CDE）官网显示，安斯泰来（Astellas）提交的注射用维恩妥尤单抗和默沙东提交的帕博利珠单抗的上市申请获得受理。维恩妥尤单抗是一款靶向Nectin-4的抗体偶联药物（ADC），由安斯泰来和Seagen公司（已被辉瑞收购）联合开发，帕博利珠单抗是默沙东开发的一款抗PD-1单抗。根据安斯泰来新闻稿，本次申报的是维恩妥尤单抗与帕博利珠单抗联合用药的补充生物制剂许可申请（sBLA），拟用于一线治疗既往未经治疗的局部晚期或转移性尿路上皮癌成年患者。一天内生效，55%患者获得缓解，抑郁症创新疗法2期临床结果积极3月28日，Beckley Psytech公司宣布，在研疗法BPL-003在治疗耐药性抑郁症（TRD）的2a期开放标签临床试验中获得积极结果。初步结果显示，单剂BPL-003治疗耐受性良好，在TRD患者中迅速起效并维持持久的抗抑郁效果。BPL-003是一种具有致幻作用的5-MeO-DMT的创新配方，可通过鼻腔给药。这项研究调查了单剂10毫克的BPL-003与心理支持联用，在中重度TRD患者中的安全性、耐受性和疗效。初步分析显示，单剂量BPL-003在给药后第二天就让55%的患者产生应答（定义为MADRS评分降低超过50%）。抗抑郁效果持久，第4周保持55%的应答率，并持续到第12周。第4周有55%的患者处于临床缓解（remission）状态，定义为MADRS评分小于10分。第12周有45%患者处于临床缓解状态。BPL-003显示出良好的安全性和耐受性。药物的急性效应平均在不到两小时内消退。这些数据表明，与目前正在开发的其他迷幻药物相比，BPL-003可能只需更短的诊所治疗时间。这项研究的第二部分扩展研究目前正在招募使用稳定剂量口服抗抑郁药的TRD患者，以评估BPL-003共同给药的安全性和有效性。治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿，荣昌生物双靶点融合蛋白RC28-E完成Ⅲ期临床入组3月28日，荣昌生物制药（烟台）股份有限公司（股票代码：688331.SH / 09995.HK）宣布，其自主研发的VEGF/FGF双靶点融合蛋白类创新药RC28-E取得阶段性重大进展：一项治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）的Ⅲ期临床试验已完成全部患者入组。该研究是多中心、随机、双盲、阳性对照的Ⅲ期临床试验，旨在评估RC28-E注射液治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）患者的有效性和安全性。研究主要终点为52周时，研究眼最高矫正视力（BCVA）相较于基线的变化均值。糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）是由黄斑区毛细血管渗漏导致的视网膜增厚，主要影响中心视力。DME可发生在糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的任何阶段。Adaptimmune癌症细胞疗法关键试验结果登《柳叶刀》近日，Adaptimmune Therapeutics宣布其在研工程化T细胞疗法afami-cel的关键性2期临床研究SPEARHEAD-1的积极数据发表于《柳叶刀》当中。美国FDA已接受afami-cel的生物制品许可申请（BLA），并授予其优先审评资格。该申请的PDUFA日期为2024年8月4日。如果获得批准，afami-cel将成为首款用于治疗实体瘤的工程化T细胞疗法，也是十多年来治疗滑膜肉瘤的首个有效疗法。试验的中位随访时间为32.6个月。所有患者的总缓解率（ORR）为37%（19/52；95% CI：24-51），其中滑膜肉瘤患者的ORR为39%（17/44；95% CI：24-55），粘液样圆细胞脂肪肉瘤患者的ORR为25%（2/8；95% CI：3-65）。安全性方面，52例患者中有37名（71%）发生细胞因子释放综合征（一例为3级事件）。Ironwood在研疗法GLP-2类似物apraglutide 2期临床结果积极3月29日，Ironwood Pharmaceuticals宣布，在研疗法apraglutide在治疗类固醇难治性胃肠道急性移植物抗宿主病（SR GI aGVHD）患者的探索性临床试验STARGAZE中获得积极结果。Apraglutide表现出良好的安全性和耐受性，并且大部分患者在接受治疗后第28天和第56天产生应答。Apraglutide是一款长效胰高血糖素样肽-2（GLP-2）类似物，最初由VectivBio公司开发。该试验的主要目标是评估一周一次的apraglutide，在接受标准治疗（包括皮质类固醇和利妥昔单抗）的SR GI aGVHD患者中的安全性和耐受性。本次试验观察到的安全性和耐受性与标准治疗和已知GLP-2类似物的安全性一致。除了评估安全性外，次要终点使用下消化道和全器官反应来评估疗效，根据Mount Sinai急性GVHD国际协作组织（MAGIC）分级系统进行评估。大多数患者在第28天和第56天产生应答。在第28天出现下消化道应答的所有患者在第56天和第91天应答得到维持。Apraglutide是一种新一代、人工合成的长效GLP-2类似物，用于一系列GLP-2在疾病病理生理学中可以发挥中心作用的罕见胃肠疾病，包括短肠综合征合并肠功能衰竭（SBS-IF）和急性移植物抗宿主病。驯鹿生物CAR-T产品伊基奥仑赛新适应症获批临床3月28日，驯鹿生物宣布该公司自主研发的全人源靶向BCMA的CAR-T产品伊基奥仑赛注射液（研发代号CT103A）的一项新适应症临床试验申请获中国国家药品监督管理局（NMPA）批准，拟扩大适应症用于治疗既往经过1-2线治疗且来那度胺耐药的复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者。多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是最常见的血液系统肿瘤之一，是一种克隆性浆细胞异常增殖的恶性疾病。对于初治的多发性骨髓瘤患者，常用的一线治疗包括多种药物组合的诱导治疗、巩固治疗和维持治疗，以及自体造血干细胞移植（ASCT）等。对于大多数的患者，疾病缓解后也会不可避免地进入复发、难治的治疗困局。伊基奥仑赛注射液是一种靶向BCMA的CAR-T产品，此前已于2023年6月在中国获批上市，用于治疗既往经过至少3线治疗后进展（至少使用过一种蛋白酶体抑制剂及免疫调节剂）的复发或难治性多发性骨髓瘤成人患者。华昊中天优替德隆获FDA孤儿药资格3月28日，华昊中天宣布，其核心产品优替德隆注射液获得美国FDA授予的孤儿药资格，用于治疗乳腺癌脑转移。值得一提的是，华昊中天的优替德隆口服胶囊也于今年3月获得FDA授予的孤儿药资格，用于治疗胃癌。晚期乳腺癌根据分子分型不同，有超过1/3的患者会发生脑部转移。现有的部分乳腺癌治疗大分子药物无法通过血脑障，导致药效受限。外科手术、放射治疗等局部治疗手段被视为脑转移治疗的首选，然而乳腺癌脑转移患者生存期依然偏短，三阴性乳腺癌脑转移患者的中位生存期则更短。优替德隆为一种基于合成生物学技术研发上市的化疗新分子，其与紫杉类作用机制相似，但却拥有多方面优势，包括：活性更强、抗癌谱更广、无明显血液学毒性、不易产生耐药性、对紫杉等多药耐药肿瘤依然有效、能够透过血脑屏障、基因工程菌发酵生产环境友好、可口服给药。优替德隆注射液已经于2021年在中国获批上市，用于治疗既往接受过至少一种蒽环类或紫杉类药物化疗方案的复发或转移性乳腺癌患者。上下滚动查看更多全球交易合作动态1.诺和诺德收购RNA疗法新锐Cardior，加强心血管领域3月25日，诺和诺德和Cardior Pharmaceuticals宣布，诺和诺德同意以约合11亿美元的价格收购后者，包括一笔预付款，以及在实现某些开发和商业里程碑后的额外付款。Cardior是一家临床阶段生物医药公司，致力于发现和开发基于RNA的治疗药物，旨在预防、修复和逆转心脏疾病。其主要技术平台为靶向非编码RNA（ncRNA）的新型RNA疗法。ncRNA失调会导致有害的细胞重塑，损害整个心脏功能，引起心脏衰竭，在细胞中具有重要调控作用。Cardior领先项目CDR132L是一种靶向micro-RNA-132的基于寡核苷酸的ncRNA抑制剂，目前正在开展治疗心力衰竭的II期临床。此前在《欧洲心脏杂志》上发表的一项Ib期临床数据显示，CDR132L安全且耐受性良好。此外，与安慰剂相比，接受CDR132L治疗的心力衰竭患者心脏功能有所改善。2.百奥赛图与ABL Bio达成合作，共同开发新型双抗ADC药物3月25日，百奥赛图（北京）医药科技股份有限公司，一家创新技术驱动抗体类新药研发的国际性生物技术公司宣布与ABL Bio Inc.，一家处于临床阶段开发新型肿瘤和中枢神经系统疾病疗法的韩国生物技术公司达成合作，共同开发新型双特异性抗体偶联药物（双抗ADC）。百奥赛图RenLite®小鼠平台可产生识别不同表位且亲和力高的全人抗体。该平台以产生共同轻链抗体为特色，使双抗ADC的开发具有设计上的灵活性、简易的生产流程和良好的成药性。基于该平台，未来双方的合作可能会拓展到不同形式的ADC药物开发。3.AI平台发现全新靶点，潜在“best-in-class”渐冻症疗法获超1亿欧元助力3月26日，维智基因（Verge Genomics）和Ferrer宣布达成一项战略合作，共同开发Verge的主要候选药物VRG50635，用于在欧洲、中南美洲、东南亚和日本治疗散发性和家族性肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。VRG50635是一种针对PIKfyve的潜在“best-in-class”小分子抑制剂。新闻稿指出，VRG50635是首批进入临床的完全由人工智能（AI）平台发现和开发的药物之一。该合作将Verge用于靶点发现和药物开发的“all-in-human”技术平台，及其在临床试验方面的创新，与Ferrer在临床开发、制造和商业化方面的专长相结合。根据协议条款，Ferrer将获得在美国以外的多个地区共同开发和商业化VRG50635治疗ALS的独家权利。Verge保留了在美国和协议以外的所有国家和地区中，VRG50635开发和商业化的所有权利。根据协议，Verge可能获得高达1.125亿欧元的预付款和潜在里程碑付款。4.葆元医药被Nuvation Bio收购3月26日，Nuvation Bio和葆元医药宣布，两家公司已达成最终协议，Nuvation Bio以全股票交易方式收购葆元医药。Nuvation Bio是一家生物制药公司，旨在通过开发差异化和新颖的治疗候选药物以满足肿瘤治疗中亟需的要求。葆元医药是一家致力于为癌症患者开发新型精准疗法的全球性临床阶段生物制药公司。根据葆元医药新闻稿，收购交割后，在完全稀释的基础上，葆元医药的前股东将持有Nuvation Bio约33%的股份，而Nuvation Bio的现有股东将持有Nuvation Bio约67%的股份。收购预计将于2024年第二季度完成。根据新闻稿，本次收购将使Nuvation Bio成为一家拥有多个后期阶段临床开发项目的全球性肿瘤医药公司。5.Moderna与黑石生命科学达成流感项目资助协议3月27日，Moderna在疫苗日活动上披露，其最近与黑石生命科学公司（Blackstone Life Sciences ）达成了一项开发和商业化资助协议，以推进公司的流感疫苗项目。根据协议条款，黑石集团将为Moderna提供高达7.5亿美元的研发资金。而Moderna未来需要向黑石集团支付累计商业里程金和低个位数版税。Moderna表示，这笔资金将被确认为研发费用的减少，但不会导致公司2024年约45亿美元的研发框架支出发生任何变化。Moderna保留对公司流感项目的全部权利。目前，Moderna正在开发多款流感和流感联合疫苗。6.Avalo Therapeutics宣布收购AlmataBio公司3月27日，Avalo Therapeutics宣布收购AlmataBio公司并获得已进入临床2期阶段的白介素-1β（IL-1β）靶向单克隆抗体AVTX-009。同时，Avalo完成1.85亿美元的私募融资，其中包含初始前期投资1.156亿美元。该融资由Commodore Capital和TCGX领投，BVF Partners、Deep Track Capital、OrbiMed、Petrichor和RA Capital Management参与。AVTX-009是一款人源化单克隆抗体（IgG4），能够与IL-1β高度亲和地结合并抑制其活性。IL-1β是炎症反应的关键因素，其过量产生或调控失衡与多种自身免疫和炎症性疾病密切相关，是这些疾病治疗的重要、经过验证的靶点。先前的研究表明，通过抑制IL-1β，可以有效治疗化脓性汗腺炎（HS）和其他皮肤科、胃肠科、风湿科的炎症性疾病。Avalo计划持续推进AVTX-009作为治疗化脓性汗腺炎的药物开发。预计该药物针对HS的临床2期试验的主要结果将在2026年发布。7.吉利德超6亿美元囊获创新肿瘤免疫疗法！3月29日，吉利德科学公司（Gilead Sciences）和Xilio Therapeutics宣布达成一项总额可能超过6亿美元的独家许可协议，两家公司将共同开发和商业化Xilio的肿瘤激活白介素12（IL-12）蛋白XTX301，该在研药物目前处于临床1期阶段。Xilio Therapeutics是一家临床阶段生物技术公司，致力于发现和开发肿瘤激活免疫肿瘤疗法。该公司正在利用其专有的肿瘤激活平台构建一系列新型肿瘤激活分子，包括抗体、细胞因子、双特异性药物和细胞接合剂，旨在优化治疗指数并将药物的抗肿瘤活性限制在肿瘤微环境。XTX301目前正在治疗晚期实体瘤患者的1期剂量递增试验中接受评估。根据协议条款，Xilio授予吉利德开发和商业化XTX301的全球独家许可权。Xilio将收到4350万美元的预付款，并将有资格获得额外高达6.04亿美元的潜在开发、监管和销售等里程碑款项。Xilio将负责正在进行中XTX301临床1期试验的开发。在Xilio交付XTX301的指定临床数据后，吉利德可以选择获得XTX301的开发和商业化权利，并支付7500万美元的费用。在此之前，Xilio有资格获得总计高达2900万美元的额外投资和开发里程碑款项。点击图片，免费GET海量新药信息 👇👇👇