The synergistic application of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) was investigated to mitigate cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation in rice grown in Cd-contaminated soil. A pot experiment was conducted using different Ca:Mg molar ratios (Ca1:Mg2, Ca2:Mg1, and Ca1:Mg1) to evaluate their effect on Cd uptake. The results showed that the Ca1:Mg1 treatment achieved the highest reduction in grain Cd content (54.7%, p < 0.05), followed by Ca2:Mg1 (47.6%), and Ca1:Mg2 (40.7%), all below China's National Food Safety Standard (0.2 mg kg-1). Significant reductions were also observed in roots, stems, and leaves (p < 0.05). Ca1:Mg1 minimized Cd translocation by decreasing stem-to-grain transfer by 61.0% and xylem sap Cd by 50.1% (p < 0.05). It also reduced mobile Cd fractions in roots (F_E from 25% to 18%, F_Di from 44% to 37%) and increased DCB-extractable Fe (DCB-Fe) on roots, enhancing Cd immobilization. Ca:Mg treatments raised soil pH by 23.6-25.7% (p < 0.05), shifting Cd from bioavailable forms (F_EX reduced by 9.3%, F_CB by 17.8%) to more stable forms (F_Fe/Mn increased by 15.5%, F_OM by 1.9%). Strong negative correlations (p < 0.05, 0.01) between soil pH, DCB-Fe, Ca, Mg_TF, F_Fe/Mn, and grain Cd indicating their effect in reducing Cd uptake.