Next-generation sequencing technologies, like whole exome sequencing (WES), allow for identification of novel disease-causing genes and variants.Anal. of the whole exome provides a comprehensive view of potentially pathogenic variants that may be useful when the patient's phenotype generates a broad differential.Identification of the genetics underlying inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can be critical for disease-specific management.Here, we describe two brothers, one with recurrent fever, cytopenias, and splenomegaly, and the other with oral ulcers, vasculitis, and lymphadenopathy; both of whom had pathogenic variants in Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS) and adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) discovered through WES.After a period of improvement in his cytopenias, he had a recurrence of chronic non-hemolytic anemia at 9 years old.He underwent another bone marrow biopsy that showed non-caseating granulomas with normocellular marrow without evidence of lymphoma or leukemia.During this period, his fever periodicity increased to near-daily and was accompanied by rash and occasional abdominal pain.His Hb progressively decreased, eventually requiring multiple red blood cell transfusions for symptomatic anemia (Fig. 1A), coinciding with a new finding of a pos. DAT (1 + pos. for both IgG and C3), and elevated soluble IL-2R, IL-10, and IL-18 (Extended Supplement 4, 5).Functional FAS studies performed at Cincinnati Children's showed elevated soluble FAS ligand and vitamin B12 levels (Fig. 1F; Extended Supplement 5), and mildly decreased FAS-mediated apoptosis for both our proband and his brother.An ALPS panel was repeated for the proband and was now consistent with an ALPS diagnosis for the proband (Extended Supplement 3 [P1 10 years old]) but not his brother nor his father (Extended Supplement 3 [P2 12 years old, father]).Based on the Diagnostic and Classification Criteria for ALPs from the 2009 NIH Consensus, both our proband and his brother met criteria for ALPS diagnosis.Therefore, based on lab validation for the ADA2 variants and a combination of literature review and 2009 NIH Criteria for ALPS for the FAS variant, all three variants were classified as pathogenic.