Keros Therapeutics, Inc.

关注并星标CPHI制药在线 ActRⅡ存在于脂肪和肌肉细胞中。在脂肪细胞中，激活素通过ActRⅡ进行脂质存储，阻断该信号通路可促进脂肪代谢。在肌肉细胞中，ActRⅡ受体传导的信号通路能够抑制肌肉生长并导致其萎缩，阻断骨骼肌中的激活素信号可以抑制这种萎缩，并可以促进肌肉质量的增加，帮助肥胖患者在减肥的同时改善身体成分和代谢。因此，ActRⅡ认为是下一代热门减肥药物的开发靶点。 关于ActRⅡ ActRII，即激活素Ⅱ型受体，是转化生长因子β（TGF-β）受体家族的成员，包括活化素A和活化素B，以及BMP7、BMP9、BMP10、GDF1、GDF8（Myostatin）、 GDF11和Nodal在内的其他TGF-β家族成员的II型受体。 ActRII有ACVR2A（又称为ActRIIA）和ACVR2B（又称为ActRIIB）两种，其多个配体被证明是骨骼肌质量负调控因子，如Activin和GDF11，其中ActRIIB最初被确定为GDF8的主要受体。 ActRII的生物学功能与激活素I型受体（ActRI）密不可分。激活素、GDF8和GDF11通过ActRII和ActRI触发信号传导。ActRII是主要的配体结合受体，与ActRII结合后，配体和ActRII与ActRI形成复合物，刺激细胞质中Smad2和Smad3转录因子的磷酸化。磷酸化的Smad2/3随后转运至细胞核，调节包括MyoD在内的靶基因的转录。其中GDF8/ActRII通路被确定为调节骨骼肌大小的关键。 激活素与ActRII结合后触发的信号是机体胚胎发育、器官形成、激素合成、细胞分化、免疫调节等重要生理活动的执行者，其异常与多种疾病高度相关，包括代谢性和免疫性等多种疾病类型，如骨骼肌肉萎缩、肥胖、贫血、肺纤维化。 ActRII靶点进展 目前全球监管机构已批准两款ActRII药物，即BMS的ActRIIB-Fc融合蛋白药物Luspatercept和默沙东/Acceleron的ActRIIA-Fc融合蛋白药物Sotatercept。 Luspatercept是一种可溶性融合蛋白,由人免疫 球蛋白G1（IgG1）的Fc结构域与ActRIIB的细胞外结构域融合而成。Luspatercept能够作为TGF-β的配体陷阱，防止TGF-β激活Smad2/3信号通路，进而促进晚期红细胞的分化和成熟，提高血红蛋白水平。目前，Luspatercept已在美国获批三项适应症：需要定期输注红细胞（RBC）的成人β-地中海贫血；骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）伴环形铁粒幼细胞或骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性肿瘤伴环形铁粒幼细胞和血小板增多相关贫血；未经红细胞生成刺激剂（ESA）治疗、需要定期接受红细胞输注（RBC）的中低危MDS成人患者的贫血。该药最初由BMS旗下的新基研发，新基在与BMS整合前，曾与 Acceleron联合开发 Luspatercept。 Sotatercept是一款ActRIIA融合蛋白，其将ActRIIA经过改造的细胞外域与抗体的Fc端融合在一起，可以阻断激活素与细胞膜上的受体结合，从而降低激活素介导的信号传导。2024年3月，该药被FDA批准用于治疗成人肺动脉高压（PAH），以提高运动能力，改善WHO功能分级，并降低临床事件恶化风险。值得一提的是，Sotatercept最初由Acceleron 研发，2021年10月默沙东斥资115亿美元收购Acceleron，将Sotatercept纳入囊中。据Evaluate预测，Sotatercept 2028年销售额有望达到26亿美元，产品的净现值达116亿美元。 此外，据公开资料全球还有多款在研ActRII药物，详见下表。在研ActRII药物适应症多样，涉及骨髓增生异常综合征、肥胖、肺动脉高压等。ActRII药物的药物类型也比较多元化，涉及抗体类融合蛋白、单特异性抗体和双特异性抗体。 研发进度上，在研ActRII药物大多处于临床前阶段。Elritercept和Bimagrumab进展较快，已进入临床III期阶段。其中Elritercept（KER-050）是一种工程化配体陷阱，由ActRIIA的修饰配体结合域与人类抗体Fc结构域部分融合组成。 2021年12月，翰森制药与Keros Therapeutics达成合作协议，获得KER-050的大中华区权益，翰森制药将支付2000万美元预付款以及1.705亿美元里程碑金额，外加两位数比例的销售分成。 2024 EHA上公布的Elritercept在较低风险MDS患者中开展的临床II期试验数据显示：55.6%的患者在治疗的前24周内达到了血液学改善红系反应（HI-E）和/或输血独立，包括50.0%的高输血负担患者。基线促红细胞生成素（EPO）<500U/L的患者与总体患者相比总缓解率（ORR）更高（60.6% vs 55.6%），且非环状铁粒细胞（RS） MDS患者中的8周以上输血独立率显著较高（40% vs 22.2%），特别是在高输血负担患者中（50% vs 23.1%）。同时，基线EPO<500U/L的患者中有26例（32%）维持了≥24周的输血独立性。 数据截止时，输血独立的中位时间仍未达到，维持了≥24周的输血独立性患者中仍有16例患者持续保持输血独立性，11例（11/16）输血独立时间超过52周，其中6例在基线时具有高输血负担。对于输血独立患者，FACIT-疲劳评分的平均改善在24周内超过了临床意义阈值，特别是对于那些输血独立超过24周的患者，研究观察到了血红蛋白和血小板上升。 安全性方面，97.7%的患者经历了治疗期间不良事件（TEAE），大多数为轻度至中度。最常见的TEAE为腹泻（27.6%）、疲劳（25.3%）、呼吸困难（20.7%）、头晕（19.5%）、COVID-19（18.4%）、恶心（18.4%）和贫血（17.2%）。 Bimagrumab是一种靶向ActRII的人单克隆抗体，礼来通过斥资19亿美元收购Versanis将其纳入囊中。Bimagrumab在肥胖或超重2型糖尿病患者中开展的临床II期试验的第48周数据显示：与安慰剂相比，Bimagrumab 组受试者总体脂肪减少（-20.5% vs-0.5%）,去脂体重增加（+3.6%vs-0.8%），腰围减少（-9cm vs +0.5cm），体重减少（-6.5% vs-0.8%）。安全性方面，Bimagrumab组最常报告的不良事件是轻度腹泻(41% vs 11%)和肌肉痉挛(41% vs 3%)，其中首次给药后腹泻频率最高，此后逐渐减少。2024年10月，Bimagrumab联合替尔泊肽增肌减脂的临床II期临床启动。 Cibotercept（KER-012）处于临床II期阶段。该药是Keros Therapeutics开发的一款蛋白质治疗候选产品，由与人类抗体Fc结构域部分融合的ActRIIB的修饰配体结合结构域组成，其被设计用于结合并抑制包括激活素A和激活素B在内的TGF-β配体的信号转导，从而潜在地增加骨骼质量。同时，KER-012介导的对激活素A和激活素B的抑制也具有增加BMP信号通路的潜力。目前，Keros正在针对KER-012开展一项探讨KER-012联合背景疗法治疗成人肺动脉高压(PAH)的安全性和有效性的研究（NCT05975905）。 已公布的KER-012在健康绝经后妇女中开展的临床I期试验数据显示：与安慰剂相比，单次给予KER-012后，受试者中与炎症和结构重塑通路相关的血清蛋白发生了改变，例如纤维化标志物MMP-7和MMP-10减少、促炎细胞因子IL-6和IL-11减少、抗炎细胞因子IL-4和IL-35增加，以及巨噬细胞极化标志物MARCO和sCD163增加。此外，接受KER-012的受试者的心脏功能障碍生物标志物血清N末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）也持续减少。 LAE102、STM 434处于临床I期，其中LAE102是来凯医药自主研发的一款针对ActRIIA的选择性单克隆抗体，相较Bimagrumab有望提升安全性，公司计划将其开发用于治疗肥胖和代谢疾病、肺动脉高压等。在临床前研究中，LAE102已显示出增加肌肉并减少脂肪的效果。而且，LAE102与GLP-1受体激动剂联用，可进一步减少脂肪，并显著降低GLP-1受体激动剂导致的肌肉流失。2024年上半年，LAE102先后在美国和中国获批临床，针对肥胖。2024年6月，该药在国内针对超重/肥胖的临床I期试验完成首例患者给药。 此外，来凯医药围绕ActRII受体还自主开发两款候选药物，即ActRIIB选择性抗体LAE103和ActRIIA/IIB双靶点抑制剂LAE123，拟用于肌肉再生及与之相关的适应症。 ActRII药物减重增肌潜力看好，引发多起合作 整体来看，ActRII靶点并未取得巨大成功，但已引起多家药企重视，并引发多起交易。 2023年7月，礼来斥资19.25亿美元收购Versanis Bio。Versanis Bio旨在开发一种治疗代谢性疾病和肥胖症的first-in-class疗法，其核心产品Bimagrumab是一种结合激活素II型A和B受体以阻断激活素和肌肉抑制素信号传导的单克隆抗体，目前正在BELIEVE IIb期研究中单独进行评估，并与Semaglutide（司美格鲁肽）联合治疗成人超重或肥胖。 2024年5月，阿斯利康与SixPeaks达成了一项战略合作。据合作协议，阿斯利康参与A轮融资，并承诺提供包括预付款和短期付款在内的最高8000万美元资金。作为交换，阿斯利康获得在公司为其主导抗体提交IND申请时以预定价格收购SixPeaks的选择权。 SixPeaks致力于开发潜在“first-in-class“和“best-in-class”健康减肥疗法，其研发管线中包含一款旨在保存人体骨骼肌质量，靶向激活素（activin）受体IIA/B的抗体。在小鼠模型中进行的临床前研究表明，SixPeaks的主打在研疗法无论是单独使用，还是与GLP-1受体激动剂联用，在保存肌肉质量方面可能具有“best-in-class”的潜力。 而且，SixPeaks还开发出一种与GLP-1肽偶联的抗激活素受体IIA/B抗体，这可能成为一种潜在“first-in-class”疗法，在最大限度发挥GLP-1受体激动剂介导减重效果的同时保存肌肉质量。 2024年6月，Supercede Therapeutics与复旦大学和华东师范大学达成一项全球权益合作。据协议，Supercede Therapeutics将获得复旦大学和华东师范大学共同研发的处于临床前的小分子抗肿瘤恶病质肌萎缩、肌少症和增肌创新药物全球开发和商业化权益。据悉，该药物是一种新型口服小分子ActRII抑制剂，用于治疗肥胖症。 纵观这三项交易，企业都非常看中ActRII靶点在减重领域的潜力。与目前大火的GLP-1类减重疗法相比，ActRII抑制剂在减少脂肪的同时，还可增加身体的肌肉组成，被认为是下一代减肥药物的“种子选手”。 总结 相较大火的GLP-1靶点，ActRII在减重领域还有很长的路要走。目前，ActRII领域的竞争并不算激烈，在研药物也不多，其中Bimagrumab、LAE102在减重领域进展相对较快。期待ActRII药物早日获得重大突破，破解目前减肥药会使肌肉流失的困局。 END 来源：CPHI制药在线 声明：本文仅代表作者观点，并不代表制药在线立场。本网站内容仅出于传递更多信息之目的。如需转载，请务必注明文章来源和作者。 投稿邮箱：Kelly.Xiao@imsinoexpo.com ▼更多制药资讯，请关注CPHI制药在线▼ 点击阅读原文，进入智药研习社~

LEXINGTON, Mass., Sept. 12, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Keros Therapeutics, Inc. (“Keros” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: KROS), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing novel therapeutics to treat a wide range of patients with disorders that are linked to dysfunctional signaling of the transforming growth factor-beta (“TGF-ß”) family of proteins, today announced that Keros’ Chair and Chief Executive Officer Jasbir S. Seehra, Ph.D., will participate in a fireside chat presentation at the 2024 Cantor Global Healthcare Conference that will now begin at 8:00 a.m. Eastern time on Thursday, September 19, 2024. A live audio webcast of the fireside chat presentation will be available at https://wsw.com/webcast/cantor22/kros/2112021 and an archived replay will be accessible in the Investors section of the Keros website at https://ir.kerostx.com for up to 90 days following the conclusion of the event. About Keros Therapeutics, Inc. Keros is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing novel therapeutics to treat a wide range of patients with disorders that are linked to dysfunctional signaling of the TGF-ß family of proteins. The Company is a leader in understanding the role of the TGF-ß family of proteins, which are master regulators of the growth, repair and maintenance of a number of tissues, including blood, bone, skeletal muscle, adipose and heart tissue. By leveraging this understanding, Keros has discovered and is developing protein therapeutics that have the potential to provide meaningful and potentially disease-modifying benefit to patients. Keros’ lead product candidate, elritercept (KER-050), is being developed for the treatment of low blood cell counts, or cytopenias, including anemia and thrombocytopenia, in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and in patients with myelofibrosis. Keros’ second product candidate, cibotercept (KER-012), is being developed for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Keros’ third product candidate, KER-065, is being developed for the treatment of obesity and for the treatment of neuromuscular diseases. Investor Contact:Justin Frantzjfrantz@kerostx.com 617-221-6042

The demand for heparin is mainly increasing due to the growing incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the expanding range of cancer risk factors such as smoking, radiation exposure, unhealthy lifestyles, and other factors, as well as the rising research and development activities by global market players throughout the forecast period from 2024 to 2030. LAS VEGAS, Sept. 4, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's Heparin Market Insights report provides the current and forecast market analysis, individual leading heparin companies' market shares, challenges, heparin market drivers, barriers, trends, and key market heparin companies in the market. Key Takeaways from the Heparin Market Report As per DelveInsight estimates, North America is anticipated to dominate the global heparin market during the forecast period. In the application segment of the heparin market, the coronary artery disease category had a significant revenue share in the Heparin market in 2023. Notable heparin companies such as Pfizer Inc., Leo Pharma A/S, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., GSK plc., Sanofi, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Aspen Holdings, Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA, Novartis AG, Baxter, and several others, are currently operating in the heparin market. In November 2023, the FDA approved a taurolidine plus heparin (DefenCath®) catheter lock solution to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis via a central venous catheter (CVC). In February 2022, Techdow USA Inc. announced the launch of its Heparin Sodium Injection, USP in the US market. In January 2022, the Ohio biotechnology firm Optimvia Pharmaceuticals developed a cost-effective synthetic method to produce large quantities of heparin, used to make common blood thinner, also striking a deal with the synthetic biology firm Ginkgo Bioworks to scale the process up. To read more about the latest highlights related to the heparin market, get a snapshot of the key highlights entailed in the Global Heparin Market Report Heparin Overview Heparin is a widely used anticoagulant medication that helps prevent and treat blood clots. It works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, a protein in the blood that inhibits blood clotting factors such as thrombin and factor Xa. Heparin is administered either intravenously or subcutaneously and is commonly used in medical settings such as during surgeries, dialysis, and for patients with certain types of heart disease. Its rapid onset and short duration of action make it particularly useful in acute settings where quick and reversible anticoagulation is needed. Despite its effectiveness, heparin therapy requires careful monitoring due to the risk of bleeding complications. One of the most significant side effects is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a condition where the patient's platelet count drops dramatically, which paradoxically increases the risk of thrombosis. To manage these risks, healthcare providers regularly monitor blood clotting parameters, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), to ensure that the patient remains within a therapeutic range. In cases where heparin use is contraindicated or needs to be discontinued, alternative anticoagulants, such as low molecular weight heparins or direct oral anticoagulants, may be considered. Heparin Market Insights In 2023, North America held the largest share of the heparin market compared to other regions. This is attributed to the rising incidence of cardiovascular disorders in the area. Contributing factors include the increasing risk factors related to cardiovascular issues, strong research and development efforts, and a highly promising market for product development and launches, all of which are driving the growth of the heparin market in North America. Additionally, the growing number of heparin product launches is anticipated to drive the heparin market in North America. For instance, in February 2024, B. Braun Medical Inc. introduced its new Heparin Sodium 2,000 units in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 1,000 mL (2 units/mL), marking the fifth addition to its range of Heparin premixed bags. This launch underscores B. Braun's dedication to enhancing supply security by producing pharmaceuticals in the U.S. at its Irvine, CA facility. Given the substantial patient population in North America, the use of heparin for treatment is expected to boost market demand in the coming years. Consequently, these factors combined are projected to contribute to the growth of the heparin market in North America during the forecast period from 2024 to 2030. To know more about why North America is leading the market growth in the heparin market, get a snapshot of the Heparin Market Outlook Heparin Market Dynamics The heparin market is a critical segment within the global pharmaceutical industry, primarily driven by its essential role in anticoagulant therapy. The market dynamics are influenced by a variety of factors including technological advancements, regulatory changes, and shifts in healthcare practices. One significant driver in the heparin market is the ongoing innovation in drug delivery systems and formulations. Advances such as low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have improved the efficacy and safety profiles of heparin therapy, leading to increased adoption. Additionally, the development of more efficient manufacturing processes, such as recombinant heparins, has helped meet the growing demand and reduce dependency on animal sources, which can be susceptible to supply chain disruptions. Regulatory factors also play a crucial role in shaping the heparin market. Regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the EMA, impose stringent standards on the production and quality of heparin products. These regulations are designed to ensure the safety and efficacy of heparin, which can impact market dynamics through compliance costs and potential market entry barriers for new players. Moreover, market dynamics are influenced by global healthcare trends and economic factors. Rising incidences of cardiovascular diseases and an aging population contribute to the increased demand for heparin. However, economic pressures and healthcare cost containment strategies may impact market growth. Furthermore, competition from alternative anticoagulants and biosimilars can also affect the heparin market by offering patients and healthcare providers additional options. Get a sneak peek at the heparin market dynamics @ Heparin Market Dynamics Analysis Heparin Market Assessment Heparin Market Segmentation Heparin Market Segmentation By Source: Bovine, Porcine, and Others Heparin Market Segmentation By Route of Administration: Subcutaneous and Intravenous Heparin Market Segmentation By Application: Coronary Artery Disease, Atrial Fibrillation, Venous Thromboembolism, Renal Impairment, and Others Heparin Market Segmentation By Geography: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World Porter's Five Forces Analysis, Product Profiles, Case Studies, KOL's Views, Analyst's View Which MedTech key players in the heparin market are set to emerge as the trendsetter explore @ Heparin Companies Table of Contents Interested in knowing the heparin market by 2030? Click to get a snapshot of the Heparin Market Trends Related Reports Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Market Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Market Insight, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key heparin-induced thrombocytopenia companies, including Sandoz, Fresenius Kabi, Hikma Pharm, Veralox Therapeutics, among others. Thrombocytopenia Market Thrombocytopenia Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key thrombocytopenia companies, including Sanofi, Principia Biopharma, Baxalta, Takeda, Argenx, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Biotest, GC Pharma, Genosco (Subsidiary of Oscotec), Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Amgen, Novartis, Zenyaku Kogyo, among others. Thrombocytopenia Pipeline Thrombocytopenia Pipeline Insight – 2024 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key thrombocytopenia companies, including Takeda, Argenx, Keros Therapeutics, Principia Biopharma, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Veralox Therapeutics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, HUTCHMED, Principia Biopharma, Genosco, UCB, among others. Immune Thrombocytopenia Immune Thrombocytopenia Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2032 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key immune thrombocytopenia companies, including UCB Biopharma, Sanofi, Principia Biopharma, Argenx, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, Biotest, GC Pharma, UCB, HanAll Biopharma, Immunovant, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Hutchison MediPharma, Cour Pharmaceutical Development, among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant, and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP