Alexandria University

Aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of internal versus external photobiomodulation (PBM) in the management of patients with TMJ internal derangements (TMJ-ID).

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess the effect of IV pethidine and intrathecal pethidine on the incidence, onset, duration, and intensity of shivering in females undergoing caesarean section. The main question it aims to answer is: which route is more efficacious in preventing shivering.
Researchers will compare IV pethidine and intrathecal pethidine to see their effects on post spinal shivering, their effects on hemodynamic stability, nausea, vomiting, and sedation.

A small tube will go through the respiratory tract and a non contact cauterization will be done to the inside tumor