[11C]PS13

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that has no cure. MRI is the main tool used in the study and treatment of people with MS. Tracers have been developed for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), key enzymes that involved in neuroinflammation. Researchers want to explore the role inflammation plays in MS and see if COX-1 and COX-2 are measurable in the brains of people with the disease.
Objective:
To see if COX-1 and COX-2 are detectable in the brains of individuals with MS.
Eligibility:
People ages 18 and older with MS who are otherwise healthy.
Design:
Participants will be screened with their medical history and a physical exam. They will have an EKG to check the electrical activity of the heart.
Participants study involvement requires 3 to 5 visits and will last between 2 weeks and 4 months.
Participants will have two positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the brain for each tracer. Scans of the same tracer might occur on the same day or on separate days. A small amount of a radioactive chemical will be injected through an intravenous catheter. A needle will be used to guide a thin plastic tube into an arm vein. The needle will be removed. Only the catheter will be left in the vein. The PET scanner is shaped like a doughnut. Participants will lie on a bed that slides in and out of the scanner. They will wear a plastic mask molded to fit the head. The scan will last about 90 minutes for each tracer. Participants will receive the medication ketoprofen or celecoxib orally about 2 hours before the second scan.
Participants will have blood tests.
Participants must avoid certain medications a month prior to the PET scans.

Background:
About 5 million adults in the U.S. have Alzheimer s disease or another adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder. Many studies have found that inflammation in the brain contributes to these diseases. Researchers want to find a better way to measure this inflammation.
Objective:
To learn whether COX-1 and/or COX-2 is elevated in the brains of individuals with neurodegenerative brain disease compared to healthy volunteers.
Eligibility:
Adults age 18 years and older in good general health who have an adult-onset neurodegenerative dementia, such as AD, FTD, corticobasal syndrome, Huntington s disease, or MCI, ALS and healthy adult volunteers enrolled in protocols 01-M-0254 or 17-M-0181.
Design:
Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam with vital signs, and lab tests. They will have a neuropsychological testing. Their heart function will be measured.
Participants will have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The MRI scanner is a metal tube surrounded by a strong magnetic field. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the tube. The machine makes noise. Participants will get earplugs.
Participants will have 2 PET scans. They will be injected with the study drugs through an intravenous catheter placed in an arm vein. The PET scanner is shaped like a doughnut. Participants will lie on a bed that slides in and out of the scanner. A plastic mask will be molded to their head to keep them from moving. A thin plastic tube will be put into an artery at the wrist or elbow crease area. This will be used to draw blood during the scan.
Participants will have 2-5 study visits. Participation lasts 1 week to 4 months, depending on scheduling.