Luminol

Currently, chronic recurrent cystitis is one of the most important problems in urology. Considering the role of immune status disorders in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, the use of immunocorrective drugs as part of the complex therapy is of particular relevance.

to study the efficiency of therapy for chronic recurrent bacterial cystitis in combination with immunomodulators (Galavit).

A total of 60 women with acute stage of chronic recurrent bacterial cystitis were examined. The patients were randomized into 2 groups of 30 patients. In the control group, standard antibiotic therapy was administered. In the treatment group, patients received Galavit in combination with standard therapy. All patients were followed-up on the 1st, 5th and 10th day. Voiding diaries, chronobiological status and pain severity using a 5-point scale were evaluated. In addition, complete blood count, urinalysis, urine culture and enzyme immunoassay for determination of serum level of interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) were analyzed. A number of recurrences after 3 months of therapy was assessed.

Complex therapy in combination with Galavit in women with acute stage of chronic bacterial cystitis allows to decrease in desynchronosis by 20%, reduce pain by 2.5 times, frequency of urination by 1.7 times, the number of urgent voids and night urination by 2.4 and 5 times, respectively, by the 5th day of therapy. In the group of patients receiving immunomodulators a significantly more pronounced decrease in the level of IL-1, IL-6, TNF- and CRP was noted. During 3 months of follow-up, there were 2 recurrences in the control group and no recurrences in treatment group (10%).

The use of Galavit in the treatment of women with chronic recurrent bacterial cystitis has pathogenetic basis. A clear advantage of the drug is more rapid relief of symptoms, normalization of laboratory parameters, recovery of chronorhythms and the achievement of clinical remission.

A recurrent observation in forensic casework is that culprits and/or their abettors attempt to remove or mask bloodstain patterns, e.g., by painting the walls. The present study was designed to elucidate whether luminol treatment of bloodstains on (a) plastered and (b) wallpapered walls may help with the visualization of respective patterns after being repainted beyond macroscopic recognition. Furthermore, wallpaper punches of luminol-positive spots were analyzed for DNA. The experiments showed that the prospects for visualization after a four- to sixfold paint application declined considerably as the drying time of the paint increased. A compelling explanation for this observation is that paint becomes increasingly resistant to water during the drying process after paint application. In these cases, moistening the surface in question with distilled water for 15 min has been proven to be a promising pretreatment before luminol application. DNA analysis revealed full STR profiles in 74% of luminol-positive wallpaper punches, whereas rubs of the aforementioned positively tested regions (luminol and human blood pretests) demonstrated negative results.