Codeine Phosphate/Acetaminophen

To compare analgesic effects of preoperative administration of paracetamol 500 milligram plus codeine 30 milligram in single-tablet and effervescent formulation to ibuprofen 400 milligram, and placebo in the management of moderate to severe postoperative pain after mandibular third molar surgery.

Patients with class I malocclusion who have mild to moderate crowding will be treated in this study. The efficacy of low level laser therapy and Panadol-extra® in relieving pain due to orthodontic treatment will be assessed. The effect of these two interventions on oral-health related quality of life during all stages of orthodontic treatment will be explored, i.e. at the following stages: (1) separation between teeth, (2) archwire changing, (3) bonding of brackets, (4) removal of the fixed appliances.
There are three groups :
a group of patient being irradiated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at specific time points to relieve pain and discomfort.
a group of patient in which pain control will be accomplished by prescribing Panadol Extra tablets in a regular manner.
a group of patients in which nothing will be given to them during the course of treatment.