One-third of the patients with major depressive disorder do not respond to conventional antidepressants that act through the mono-aminergic system. The available treatment modalities, including SSRIs, are slow to act and have a lag time before showing improvement in symptoms of patients. To overcome these treatment hurdles, add-on therapy to standard antidepressant drugs may lead to better therapeutic outcomes. Sarcosine, which is a nutraceutical, modulates glutamate neurotransmission has an ameliorative effect on the disease symptoms of depression and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The only clinical study done on depressive patients by Huang et al. cannot be generalized due to certain inherent limitations. To date, there is no randomized controlled trial with add-on sarcosine to current antidepressant therapy to the best of our knowledge. So, we considered sarcosine can be the candidate drug for add-on therapy due to its multiple mechanisms on the glutaminergic system. Adding sarcosine to ongoing antidepressant therapy may either increase their response rate or decrease adverse drug reactions by decreasing the dose requirement or may show a quicker therapeutic effect. Hence, the present randomized controlled trial has been planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sarcosine as add-on therapy in major depressive disorder.

开始日期2021-08-26

申办/合作机构

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

IRCT20211022052836N1

/ Completed早期临床1期IIT

Evaluation of the effectiveness of adding sarcosine to PMT (parental education management) treatment on the symptoms of coping disorder

开始日期2019-12-22

申办/合作机构

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

NCT00977353

/ Completed临床2期IIT

N-methylglycine (Sarcosine) for Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder is a complex disease and most currently available antidepressants aiming at monoamine neurotransmission exhibit limited efficacy and cognitive effects. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), one subtype of glutamate receptors, plays an important role in learning and memory. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) enhancing agents, such as sarcosine (N-methylglycine), have been used as adjunctive therapy of schizophrenia. Sarcosine improved not only psychotic but also depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. To confirm its antidepressant effect, the purpose of this study is to compare citalopram and sarcosine in efficacy for major depressive patients.

开始日期2009-04-01

申办/合作机构

中国医药大学附设医院

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100 项与肌氨酸相关的临床结果

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100 项与肌氨酸相关的转化医学

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100 项与肌氨酸相关的专利（医药）

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5,461

项与肌氨酸相关的文献（医药）

2025-06-01·SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

The effects of counter ion on CO2 capture performance of amino acid salt solutions for direct air capture applications

作者: Puxty, Graeme ; Kiani, Ali ; Feron, Paul ; Abdellah, Mohamed H. ; Conway, William

Direct CO₂ capture from the atm. has received growing attention driven by the imperative of achieving global net-zero emission targets.Amino acid salt solutions are promising candidates for liquid-based direct air capture processes.Utilized as a neutralized salt by reacting initially with hydroxides, their performance may vary with the type of counter ion present in the solutionThis work investigates the influence of counter ions, potassium, sodium, and lithium, of different amino acid salt solutions on the phys. properties, the CO₂ absorption capacities, and the CO₂ absorption kinetics under atm. CO₂ concentration levels.The potassium-based amino acid solutions exhibited significantly lower viscosities and mildly elevated densities compared to sodium- and lithium-based solutionsAt 25°, the potassium-prolinate solution demonstrated the highest viscosity (8.5 mPa s), whereas potassium-glycinate exhibited the lowest viscosity (2.5 mPa s).Addnl., potassium-based solutions consistently displayed the highest CO₂ mass transfer coefficients, followed by sodium- and lithium-based solutionsThe CO₂ mass transfer coefficient was the highest for potassium-prolinate (2.99 mmol m^-2/s kPa^-1) with the lowest rate observed for potassium-β-alaninate (1.68 mmol m^-2/s kPa^-1).Interestingly, the type of counter ion had minimal impact on the CO₂ absorption capacity, with potassium-based solutions exhibiting only a slightly elevated capacity compared to sodium- and lithium-based solutionsSpecifically, potassium-lysinate displayed the highest CO₂ absorption capacity (0.7 mol CO₂ /mol amine), while potassium-β-alaninate showed the lowest (0.65 mol CO₂/mol amine).It should be noted that all lithium-based solutions of all amino acids formed precipitates at the equilibrium CO₂ absorption capacity.From a practical and operational perspective, these findings suggest that the potassium salt solution of amino acids would be the optimal choice for direct air capture applications due to their enhanced solubility and CO₂ mass transfer rates compared to the corresponding sodium and lithium counter ion salt solutions

2025-03-01·JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

Highly specific colorimetric detection of sarcosine using surface molecular imprinted Zn/Ce-ZIF

Article

作者: Yang, Yanzhao ; Gai, Zhexu ; Liu, Yeping ; Liu, Peng ; Yang, Fei

Despite significant progress in nanozyme research and the advancement of analytical techniques, the inherent lack of specificity for target analytes often limits their utility in analysis. Integrating specific recognition capabilities into inorganic nanomaterials, independent of biological catalysts or adaptors, represents a crucial breakthrough in the field. Detecting Sarcosine (Sar) in human urine has recently emerged as a non-invasive biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa), presenting a valuable diagnostic tool. This study introduces a novel method for embedding molecular imprinting sites directly onto the surface of a Zn/Ce-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (Zn/Ce-ZIF) nanozyme, facilitating the development of a highly specific colorimetric assay for precise Sar measurement. By utilizing the lanthanide metal cerium as the catalytic element and ZIF-8 as the structural scaffold, we synthesized spherical Zn/Ce-ZIF nanozymes with exceptional oxidase-like catalytic efficiency. The efficiency of molecular imprinting experiments and the ability of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to identify target molecules were significantly enhanced by using theortical calculations to screen suitable functional monomers. The molecularly imprinted nanozyme (Zn/Ce-ZIF@MIP) initiates a colorimetric oxidation reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), wherein the presence of Sar facilitates selective recognition and capture by the MIP shell, modulating the colorimetric response by hindering TMB's access to the catalytic site. An intelligent color extraction detection device has been developed for the rapid perception of Sar. This colorimetric sensing platform has been validated through the detection of Sar in simulated urine samples. Overall, the application of surface molecular imprinting enhances the functionality of nanozymes in analytical fields.

2025-02-01·JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

2D Fe/Co-MOF/SOX cascade reactors for fast noninvasive detection of sarcosine level in prostate cancer urine

Article

作者: Yang, Kuo ; Yang, Yongfang ; Ge, Kai ; Wang, Xiaojuan ; Huo, Xiaodong ; Li, Shunli

Sarcosine plays a key role in screening for early prostate cancer. However, the several already reported peroxidase mimics immobilized with sarcosine oxidase (SOX) utilized to detect uriary sarcosine still have some limitations such as complex synthesis process, using of expensive heavy metals to mimic enzyme activity and long color development time. Herein, an inexpensive peroxidase-like 2D Fe/Co-MOF nanosheet was prepared by a simple solvent modulation method. The resultant 2D Fe/Co-MOF nanosheets have strong peroxidase activity, with its Vmax value for H₂O₂ of 15.3 × 10^-8 M/s, being 1.76 times that of HRP. Then, using the 2D Fe/Co-MOF as a peroxidase model for anchoring natural SOX to construct 2D Fe/Co-MOF/SOX , which can act as a cascade reactor for detection of sarcosine. Considering the above properties, a platform for the detection of sarcosine was built based on a colorimetric method. Because of presence of the high ratio of Fe²⁺ caused by the electron transfer from Co²⁺ to Fe³⁺, large specific surface area and plentiful active sites, 2D Fe/Co-MOF/SOX with TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) colorimetric reagent could have fast color development and can be applied conveniently and fastly in an early screening tool for prostate cancer patients. The sarcosine could be quantified by peroxidase activity with a detection range of 1-400 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.324 μM. More importantly, the average sarcosine concentration of 21.367 μM and 1.871 μM was detected in patient's and normal urine (n = 5), respectively, which showed an excellent screening effect and a great potential in early prostate cancer.

项与肌氨酸相关的新闻（医药）

2024-03-21

·生物探索

Cell | 中国科学院赵岩团队揭示甘氨酸转运蛋白GlyT1的底物识别和抗精神分裂药物抑制机制

引言甘氨酸转运蛋白1 (GlyT1)通过清除突触间隙中的甘氨酸，在抑制性和兴奋性神经传递的调节中起着至关重要的作用。鉴于其与谷氨酸/甘氨酸共激活的NMDA受体(NMDARs)密切相关，GlyT1已成为治疗精神分裂症的中心靶点，精神分裂症通常与功能低下的NMDARs有关。2024年3月20日，中国科学院生物物理研究所赵岩团队在Cell 在线发表题为“Transport mechanism and pharmacology of the human GlyT1”的研究论文，该研究报道了GlyT1与底物甘氨酸和药物ALX-5407, SSR504734和PF-03463275结合的冷冻电镜结构。这些结构在转运循环的三种基本状态下被捕获—向外、封闭和内向—使得能够阐明与甘氨酸再摄取相关的构象变化的全面蓝图。此外，还确定了三个特定的容纳药物的口袋，为其抑制机制和选择性的结构基础提供了清晰的见解。总的来说，这些结构对底物和抗精神分裂症药物的转运机制和识别提供了重要的见解，从而为设计治疗精神分裂症的小分子提供了一个平台。甘氨酸是一种重要的神经递质，在中枢神经系统(CNS)中发挥多种功能。作为一种抑制性神经递质，它主要活跃于脑干和脊髓，在那里它参与了广泛的运动和感觉功能。然而，它也作为NMDA受体(NMDARs)的强制性共激动剂参与兴奋性神经传递甘氨酸的突触浓度主要受两种高亲和的钠和氯依赖性转运蛋白调节，甘氨酸转运蛋白1 (GlyT1) (SLC6A9) 和GlyT2 (SLC6A5) ，它们属于神经递质钠同向转运蛋白(NSS)家族这两种转运蛋白在神经系统中具有互补的分布和功能。与主要表达于甘氨酸神经末梢的GlyT2不同，GlyT1主要表达于星形胶质细胞和谷氨酸神经元中，并被认为通过影响协同激动剂甘氨酸的可用性来调节NMDARs的活性。GlyT1纯合子敲除小鼠会出现严重的神经运动缺陷，导致过早死亡，而GlyT1+/-杂合子小鼠，GlyT1水平降低50%，谷氨酸能功能受损，突出了GlyT1在抑制性和兴奋性神经传递中的关键功能作用。精神分裂症是一种严重的慢性精神疾病，患病率高达1%越来越多的证据表明NMDAR在精神分裂症的病理生理中起着关键作用。值得注意的是，NMDARs的开放通道阻滞剂可以在健康个体中诱导精神分裂症样症状。因此，增强NMDARs的功能已成为治疗精神分裂症的一种有前景的治疗策略。临床研究表明，NMDAR中甘氨酸位点的激动剂，如甘氨酸和D-丝氨酸，可能对治疗精神分裂症有益。因此，许多选择性GlyT1抑制剂被开发出来，旨在提高突触间隙中的甘氨酸浓度，间接增强NMDARs的活性。根据其化学结构，这些GlyT1选择性抑制剂可分为基于肌氨酸和非基于肌氨酸的抑制剂。肌氨酸是GlyT1的内源性抑制剂，不影响GlyT2。肌氨酸的衍生物，如ALX-5407可有效抑制GlyT1，特异性高。然而，基于肌氨酸的抑制剂的抑制作用往往是不可逆的，并导致严重的副作用。模式图（Credit: Cell）为了避免这一问题，已经开发了各种非肌氨酸衍生物抑制剂，包括以SSR504734为代表的甲基苯甲酸酯衍生GlyT1抑制剂，以PF-03463275为代表的杂芳酰胺GlyT1抑制剂，这些类别的药物目前正在进行上市前临床试验。尽管GlyT1与Cmpd1结合的晶体结构已经确定，但它只揭示了一个面向内的构象，还有许多机制有待阐明。其中包括底物甘氨酸识别、离子结合和转运周期中的构象变化的分子机制，这对于理解大脑中甘氨酸再摄取过程至关重要。此外，探索各种化学衍生物如何选择性地结合和抑制GlyT1是至关重要的，这对于进一步合理设计有效的、高度特异性的、可逆的GlyT1抑制剂来治疗精神分裂症至关重要。该研究确定了GlyT1结合底物甘氨酸(GlyT1Gly)、肌氨酸基抑制剂ALX-5407 (GlyT1ALX)、非肌氨酸基抑制剂SSR504734 (GlyT1SSR)和PF03463275 (GlyT1PF)的结构。这些结构稳定在三种不同的构象中，包括外向构象(GlyT1SSR/GlyT1PF)，封闭状态(GlyT1Gly)和内向构象(GlyT1ALX)。此外，借助[3h]甘氨酸摄取测定，能够清楚地证明特定的结构差异，使每种抑制剂能够区分GlyT1和GlyT2。该研究阐明了底物结合、构象变化的分子基础，以及抗精神分裂症药物的变构或竞争、可逆或不可逆结合模式，以及它们的选择性，为合理设计针对不同构象的强效、选择性和可逆药物提供了平台，从而为精神分裂症的治疗干预提供了潜在的治疗手段。原文链接https://www-cell-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)00228-9责编|探索君排版|探索君文章来源|“iNature”End往期精选围观一文读透细胞死亡(Cell Death) | 24年Cell重磅综述（长文收藏版）热文Nature | 破除传统：为何我们需要重新思考肿瘤的命名方式热文Nature | 2024年值得关注的七项技术热文Nature | 自身免疫性疾病能被治愈吗？科学家们终于看到了希望热文CRISPR技术进化史 | 24年Cell综述

100 项与肌氨酸相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	肌氨酸	-	DB12519

研发状态

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
抑郁症	临床2期	-	Merck & Co., Inc.	-
抑郁症	临床2期	-	McLean Hospital, Inc.	-
强迫症	临床2期	-	Merck & Co., Inc.	-
强迫症	临床2期	-	McLean Hospital, Inc.	-
精神分裂症	临床2期	-	McLean Hospital, Inc.	-
精神分裂症	临床2期	-	Merck & Co., Inc.	-

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


137 (AUA2011)	N/A	遗传性前列腺癌7型 \| 疾病进展 sarcosine	92	SARCOSINE (Malignant tissue)	蓋齋繭築繭選襯鑰鹽積(網鏇選積鬱蓋醖艱顧簾) = 壓衊繭鏇築餘襯蓋餘壓齋齋廠夢艱觸鑰簾壓壓 (憲餘遞齋遞廠獵觸鹽遞 )	不佳	2011-04-01