Phase 1/2 Trial of PEP-CMV + Nivolumab for Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Midline Glioma/High-grade Glioma and Recurrent Diffuse Midline Glioma/High-grade Glioma, Medulloblastoma, and Ependymoma (PRiME II)

This is a multisite, phase I/II clinical trial in children and young adults with newly-diagnosed high-grade glioma (HGG), diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and recurrent HGG/DMG, Medulloblastoma (MB), or ependymoma (EPN) to determine the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a CMV-directed peptide vaccine plus checkpoint blockade.

开始日期2025-01-31

申办/合作机构

Washington University School of Medicine

NCT06357377 / Not yet recruiting临床1期

An Open Label, Phase 1b Safety, Dose-finding, Brain Tumor Delivery, and Pharmacokinetics Study of Intranasal NEO100 in Patients with Pediatric-type Select Brain Tumors

This is an open label, Phase 1b safety, dose-finding, brain tumor delivery, and pharmacokinetics study of intranasal NEO100 in patients with pediatric-type diffuse high grade gliomas. Patients will receive IN NEO100 that will follow a dose titration design, followed by a standard dose escalation design to establish safety. Brain tumor delivery of NEO100 will be confirmed in each disease sub-type by surgical resection/needle biopsy only if clinically indicated and scheduled for clinical purposes and testing with residual tissue for NEO100 and the major metabolite of NEO100 (Perillic Acid).

开始日期2024-12-01

申办/合作机构

NeOnc Technologies, Inc.

NCT06504381 / Not yet recruiting临床1/2期IIT

A Phase I/IIa Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of DB107-RRV (Formerly Toca511), Administered to Subjects at Time of Resection and Intravenously Thereafter, in Combination With DB107-FC (Formerly Toca FC) and Radiation Therapy or DB107-FC, Temozolomide (TMZ) and Radiation Therapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed High Grade Glioma

This is a multicenter, open-label study of DB107-RRV (formerly Toca 511) and DB107-FC (formerly Toca FC) when administered following surgical resection in newly diagnosed High Grade Glioma (HGG) patients. The study is designed to evaluate whether treatment with DB107-RRV in combination with DB107-FC when added to standard of care provides clinical benefit to newly diagnosed HGG when compared to historical performance previously determined in well controlled clinical trials published in the peer reviewed literature. This study is going to be conducted in newly diagnosed HGG patients receiving with maximum surgical resection treatment followed by radiation and temozolomide treatment using the established Stupp Protocol for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl-transferase (MGMT) methylated patients or radiation therapy for MGMT unmethylated patients.

开始日期2024-12-01

申办/合作机构

The University of California, San Francisco

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0 项与高级别胶质瘤相关的专利（医药）

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项与高级别胶质瘤相关的文献（医药）

2025-01-01·Medical Image Analysis

A Flow-based Truncated Denoising Diffusion Model for super-resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging

Article

作者: Mahajan, Amit ; Onofrey, John A ; Bogner, Wolfgang ; Dong, Siyuan ; Kumaragamage, Chathura ; de Graaf, Robin A ; de Graaf, Robin A. ; You, Chenyu ; Widhalm, Georg ; Fulbright, Robert K. ; Liang, Qinghao ; Karbasi, Amin ; Duncan, James S ; Fulbright, Robert K ; Cai, Zhuotong ; Hangel, Gilbert ; Onofrey, John A. ; Huang, Yaqing ; Duncan, James S.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive imaging technique for studying metabolism and has become a crucial tool for understanding neurological diseases, cancers and diabetes. High spatial resolution MRSI is needed to characterize lesions, but in practice MRSI is acquired at low resolution due to time and sensitivity restrictions caused by the low metabolite concentrations. Therefore, there is an imperative need for a post-processing approach to generate high-resolution MRSI from low-resolution data that can be acquired fast and with high sensitivity. Deep learning-based super-resolution methods provided promising results for improving the spatial resolution of MRSI, but they still have limited capability to generate accurate and high-quality images. Recently, diffusion models have demonstrated superior learning capability than other generative models in various tasks, but sampling from diffusion models requires iterating through a large number of diffusion steps, which is time-consuming. This work introduces a Flow-based Truncated Denoising Diffusion Model (FTDDM) for super-resolution MRSI, which shortens the diffusion process by truncating the diffusion chain, and the truncated steps are estimated using a normalizing flow-based network. The network is conditioned on upscaling factors to enable multi-scale super-resolution. To train and evaluate the deep learning models, we developed a ¹H-MRSI dataset acquired from 25 high-grade glioma patients. We demonstrate that FTDDM outperforms existing generative models while speeding up the sampling process by over 9-fold compared to the baseline diffusion model. Neuroradiologists' evaluations confirmed the clinical advantages of our method, which also supports uncertainty estimation and sharpness adjustment, extending its potential clinical applications.

2024-12-31·OncoImmunology

Transcriptomics-based characterization of the immuno-stromal microenvironment in pediatric low-grade glioma

Article

作者: Schüller, Ulrich ; Bockmayr, Michael ; Spohn, Michael ; Körner, Meik

Immunologic treatment options are uncommon in low-grade gliomas, although such therapies might be beneficial for inoperable and aggressive cases. Knowledge of the immune and stromal cells in low-grade gliomas is highly relevant for such approaches but still needs to be improved. Published gene-expression data from 400 low-grade gliomas and 193 high-grade gliomas were gathered to quantify 10 microenvironment cell populations with a deconvolution method designed explicitly for brain tumors. First, we investigated general differences in the microenvironment of low- and high-grade gliomas. Lower-grade and high-grade tumors cluster together, respectively, and show a general similarity within and distinct differences between these groups, the main difference being a higher infiltration of fibroblasts and T cells in high-grade gliomas. Among the analyzed entities, gangliogliomas and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas presented the highest overall immune cell infiltration. Further analyses of the low-grade gliomas presented three distinct microenvironmental signatures of immune cell infiltration, which can be divided into T-cell/dendritic/natural killer cell-, neutrophilic/B lineage/natural killer cell-, and monocytic/vascular/stromal-cell-dominated immune clusters. These clusters correlated with tumor location, age, and histological diagnosis but not with sex or progression-free survival. A survival analysis showed that the prognosis can be predicted from gene expression, clinical data, and a combination of both with a support vector machine and revealed the negative prognostic relevance of vascular markers. Overall, our work shows that low- and high-grade gliomas can be characterized and differentiated by their immune cell infiltration. Low-grade gliomas cluster into three distinct immunologic tumor microenvironments, which may be of further interest for upcoming immunotherapeutic research.

2024-12-31·Animal Cells and Systems

The impact of MEIS1 TALE homeodomain transcription factor knockdown on glioma stem cell growth

Article

作者: Batara, Don Carlo ; Kim, Hyun-Jin ; Lee, Seongsoo ; Jeon, Young-Jun ; Kim, Sung-Hak ; Beck, Samuel

Myeloid ecotropic virus insertion site 1 (MEIS1) is a HOX co-factor necessary for organ development and normal hematopoiesis. Recently, MEIS1 has been linked to the development and progression of various cancers. However, its role in gliomagenesis particularly on glioma stem cells (GSCs) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MEIS1 is highly upregulated in GSCs compared to normal, and glioma cells and to its differentiated counterparts. Inhibition of MEIS1 expression by shRNA significantly reduced GSC growth in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. On the other hand, integrated transcriptomics analyses of glioma datasets revealed that MEIS1 expression is correlated to cell cycle-related genes. Clinical data analysis revealed that MEIS1 expression is elevated in high-grade gliomas, and patients with high MEIS1 levels have poorer overall survival outcomes. The findings suggest that MEIS1 is a prognostic biomarker for glioma patients and a possible target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against GBM.

267

项与高级别胶质瘤相关的新闻（医药）

2024-10-29

·GlobeNewswire-Health Care

Pathos AI Closes $62M Oversubscribed Series C Round of Financing to Accelerate its Platform Approach to Drug Development

CHICAGO, Oct. 29, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pathos AI, a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on re-engineering drug development through artificial intelligence, today announced the closing of an oversubscribed $62M Series C funding round. The Series C financing round was led by New Enterprise Associates (NEA) with participation from Revolution Growth and other existing insiders. This new capital infusion will enable Pathos to expand its team of world-class scientists and engineers, accelerate the development of its AI-powered drug development platform, and advance its clinical-stage pipeline of precision oncology therapeutics. This latest round, which also included its existing investors, Lightbank and Builders VC, was completed at a $600 million post money valuation, bringing the three-year-old company’s total funding to $102M. In the last 12 months, Pathos has acquired two clinical-stage precision oncology assets with plans to launch the next clinical trials in 2025. For both therapeutics, P-300 and P-500, the PATHOSTM platform is fueling its patient selection strategy and clinical trial design to improve the likelihood of success. For example, Pathos was able to prioritize certain biological mechanisms that are relevant for P-500, a phase-II ready, brain-penetrant PRMT5 inhibitor, and those same mechanisms were driving different patient outcomes for a subgroup of IDH+ high-grade glioma patients in the real-world. This insight can help identify the patients most likely to benefit from P-500 and explain mechanistically why certain patients responded to P-500 while others did not respond in the Phase I clinical trial. Pathos plans to translate this insight into an enhanced patient selection strategy and launch the next clinical trial to demonstrate an improved efficacy signal. “There are hundreds of investigational drugs with phase I results demonstrating a tolerable safety profile and modest efficacy, yet too many of these drugs go on to fail in future phases in clinical trials. By leveraging AI to understand why some patients respond and others do not, we believe we can materially increase the probability of successful trials, accelerate development through the clinic, and help resurrect failed or shelved compounds for the patients they were meant to serve,” said Ryan Fukushima, Interim CEO of Pathos. “We are excited to work alongside a great group of investors that share our passion to radically improve drug development. This funding will allow us to scale our operations and translate our insights to improve the lives of patients at an accelerated pace.” “We believe Pathos’ mission to revolutionize drug discovery and development by combining best-in-class AI capabilities with large libraries of clinical patient data resonates with NEA’s storied history of investing at the intersection of technology and life science,” said Mohamad Makhzoumi, Co-CEO, NEA. “We are thrilled to lead Pathos’ Series C financing and to bring our expertise to this strategic partnership as Ryan and the pathos team work to pioneer the future of precision medicine.” With an initial focus on phase II oncology clinical trials, Pathos is applying its AI platform to acquire additional clinical stage opportunities with phase I results, demonstrating a safe and tolerable profile. Pathos is systematically identifying causal links of critical biological mechanisms that drive certain cancers and lead to worse patient outcomes in the real-world. With this information, Pathos prioritizes critical biological mechanisms and acquires great drugs with the relevant mechanisms of action to attack cancers in particular patient sub-populations. By pairing the right patient selection strategies with great oncology therapeutics, Pathos believes it can partner with biopharma to usher in the next era of precision medicine and improve the current success rates in clinical trials at the same time. About PathOSTM PlatformWe have built a proprietary platform and operating model called PathOS™ to gain crucial insights and act on them at scale. We do this using a causal AI framework analyzing changes in expression levels across all genes which are both associated with overall survival and known to be regulated by the mechanism of a given drug. Our AI models are fueled by one of the largest multimodal real-world datasets with patient outcomes, DNA sequencing and RNA sequencing data. By combining our in silico insights with ex-vivo drug screening approaches, we orthogonally verify whether our patient selection strategies are predictive of future patient benefit prior to designing our phase II clinical trials. About PathosPathos is an AI-enabled biotechnology company focused on re-engineering drug development, leveraging the power of technology to bring precision medicine to patients through partnerships with pharmaceutical companies. Pathos has raised over $100 million to accelerate the development of precision medicines and to expand its platform, combining computational approaches across multimodal real-world data and patient-derived biological models. Additional information can be found at www.pathos.com. ContactsBusiness Development: bd@pathos.comPress Inquiries: press@pathos.com

临床2期临床1期

2024-10-25

·精准药物

胶质瘤NCCN指南更新及分子标志物相关靶免药物总结

导语在过去20多年，胶质瘤治疗领域的突破性进展寥寥无几。然而，今年似乎按了加速器，先后有3款药物：Tovorafenib、伯瑞替尼、Vorasidenib，获得突破性成功，成为对应靶点在胶质瘤中的首款获批药物。这些新药的获批共同开启了脑胶质瘤精准诊疗的新篇章。Vorasidenib也于9月30日纳入NCCN指南。本期就指南更新内容进行介绍，同时对胶质瘤分子标志物相关的靶免药物进行汇总分享，以便读者全面了解。一、NCCN指南更新 2024年8月6日，FDA批准Vorasidenib用于治疗手术后（包括活检、次全切或全切）携带IDH1/2突变的2级星形细胞瘤或少突胶质细胞瘤的12岁及以上患者。2024年9月30日，中枢神经系统癌症NCCN指南从2024V2版更新升级为2024V3版，纳入Vorasidenib并扩大其适应症范围，具体更新内容如下：在GLIO-A 2/9和GLIO-A 4/9页面中的以下4个临床场景中添加靶向IDH1或IDH2突变的Vorasidenib作为治疗选择： 01 作为手术/活检后的辅助治疗方案，用于RT和化疗不是首选、WHO2级、KPS≥60的患者： ►少突胶质细胞瘤（1类），首选 ►IDH突变的星形细胞瘤（1类），首选 ►注脚修改：Vorasidenib是IDH1和IDH2突变的双重抑制剂。在一项Vorasidenib对比安慰剂的3期研究中（Mellinghoff IK, et al.N Engl J Med 2023;389:589-601），在病灶残留或复发的2级IDH突变胶质瘤患者（手术后且未接受治疗）中，与安慰剂相比，Vorasidenib改善了中位PFS（27.7个月vs 11.1个月）。虽然Vorasidenib的FDA批准程序仍在进行中，但符合条件的新诊断的WHO2级疾病患者可以通过扩大准入计划（NCT05592743）获得Vorasidenib。同样适用于GLIO-2A、GLIO-4A页面的脚注k。 02 作为辅助治疗方案，用于KPS <60、WHO2级的患者 ►少突胶质细胞瘤（2A类），在某些情况下适用 ►IDH突变星形细胞瘤（2A类），在某些情况下适用 03 作为RT+化疗后复发或进展性疾病的治疗方案，用于WHO2级、KPS≥60的患者 ►少突胶质细胞瘤（2A类），首选 ►IDH突变星形细胞瘤（2A类），首选 04 作为复发或进展性疾病的治疗方案，用于KPS ≥60的患者 ►少突胶质细胞瘤，WHO3级（2B类），首选 ►IDH突变型星形细胞瘤，WHO3级或4级（2B类），首选 ▼IDH突变、1p19q共缺失的少突胶质细胞瘤：系统治疗方案选择 ▼IDH突变的星形细胞瘤：系统治疗方案选择二、胶质瘤分子标志物相关的靶免药物汇总 2.1 获批或指南推荐检测的分子标志物及其药物 1 靶向药物分子标志物：IDH1/2 异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）是三羧酸循环中的一种关键性限速酶，包括IDH1、IDH2和IDH3这3种异构酶，其功能是催化异柠檬酸生成α-酮戊二酸（α-KG）。IDH的特定突变会导致α-KG的代谢异常，D-2-羟戊二酸（D-2-HG）高浓度积累，引起基因的表观修饰异常和氧化还原失衡。超过90%的IDH基因突变为IDH1 R132 突变（常见R132H突变），其余为IDH2 R172突变。 ▼胶质瘤中IDH突变频率、突变类型及其占比 Vorasidenib Vorasidenib（AG-881）是首个获批应用于胶质瘤中的IDH抑制剂。其获批基于INDIGO临床试验（NCT04164901），该试验是一项3期、多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究，比较了Vorasidenib与安慰剂在仅接受过手术治疗的IDH1或IDH2突变的2级胶质瘤（少突胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤）残余或复发性患者中的疗效。试验数据显示，Vorasidenib的客观缓解率（ORR）为18%，包括1例部分缓解（PR）和3例轻微缓解（MR）。使用该药物观察到的无强化低级别胶质瘤患者的中位无瘤生存期为36.8个月（95%CI：11.2-40.8个月），强化胶质瘤患者的中位无瘤生存期为3.6个月（95%CI：1.8-6.5个月）。此外，在多名患者中观察到持续的肿瘤缩小。研究结论指出：在2级IDH突变胶质瘤患者中，Vorasidenib显著提高了无进展生存期，并延迟了下一次干预的时间。艾伏尼布艾伏尼布是首个获指南推荐应用于胶质瘤的IDH1抑制剂。该推荐基于以下研究结果：在66例晚期胶质瘤患者中，艾伏尼布耐受性良好，无剂量限制性毒性报道。未达到最大耐受剂量；扩大队列选择500毫克，每天一次。≥ 3 级不良事件发生率为19.7%；3% （n= 2）被认为与治疗有关。非增强型胶质瘤患者（n = 35），客观缓解率为2.9%，部分缓解1例。35例非增强型胶质瘤患者中有30例（85.7%）病情稳定，而31例增强型胶质瘤患者中有14例（45.2%）病情稳定。非增强型和增强型胶质瘤组的中位无进展生存期分别为13.6个月（95% Cl：9.2-33.2个月）和1.4个月（95% Cl：1.0-1.9个月）。在探索性分析中，艾伏尼布降低了非增强性肿瘤的体积和生长速度。结论：在mIDH1晚期胶质瘤患者中，艾伏尼布 500 mg /天1次具有良好的安全性、延长疾病控制时间和减少非增强性肿瘤的生长。目前，还有多款在研的IDH抑制剂，如Olutasidenib、DS-1001（AB-218）的初步研究已表明其在胶质瘤中具有较好的临床应用前景。 2 靶向药物分子标志物：BRAF突变/融合、NF1突变 BRAF基因变异会导致下游MEK/ERK信号通路持续激活，促进肿瘤的生长增殖和侵袭转移。在不同的脑胶质瘤中，BRAF变异的形式不同，主要包括BRAF融合和BRAF V600E。在毛细胞星形细胞瘤（PA，WHO 1级）中高发KIAA1549-BRAF融合（约60%-70%），被认为是PA的诊断标志物。在各个级别的胶质瘤中均检测到BRAF V600E突变，在多形性黄色星形细胞瘤（PXA，WHO 2/3级）中约为70%，在上皮样胶质母细胞瘤中约为50%，在胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤（DNET）中约为30%，在节细胞胶质瘤（WHO 1级）中约50%，在PA中约为10%。BRAF基因变异是儿童低级别胶质瘤（LGG）中最常见的致癌驱动因素。神经纤维瘤病1型（NF1）是最常见的常染色体显性肿瘤易感性综合征，由NF1基因胚系突变导致。高达30%的NF1患者会在20岁前患脑肿瘤，其中大部分是低级别胶质瘤，最常见于视觉通路，最常见的病理学亚型是PA。 ▼各类型胶质瘤中 BRAF基因变异频率 ▼常见BRAF融合的断点频率针对BRAF基因变异，NCCN指南推荐用于胶质瘤的靶向药物有：达拉非尼+曲美替尼、维莫非尼±考比替尼、司美替尼，已获药监局批准的药物有Tovorafenib、达拉非尼+曲美替尼。针对NF1基因突变，NCCN指南推荐药物有司美替尼。 Tovorafenib 2024年4月23日，FDA加速批准Tovorafenib（RAF抑制剂）用于BRAF基因融合/重排或BRAF V600突变的6个月及以上复发或难治性儿童低级别胶质瘤患者。这是首个获批用于BRAF融合/重排脑胶质瘤适应症的RAF抑制剂，其获批是基于一项多中心、开放标签、单臂临床试验FIREFLY-1（NCT04775485，II期）的研究结果。FIREFLY-1旨在评估Tovorafenib作为每周一次的单药疗法治疗6个月至25岁患有复发或进展性pLGG患者的疗效与安全性，研究共纳入137名患者（第1组：77名患者携带已知的BRAF激活突变，第2组：60名患者携带已知的RAF变异）。研究结果显示，在第1组RAPNO-LGG标准可评估的76例患者中，最佳ORR为51%，其中包括28例PR（37%）和11例MR（14%），中位持续响应时间（DoR）为13.8个月（95%CI：11.3-NE[不可估计]）。目前正在开展全球III期试验LOGGIC/FIREFLY-2（NCT05566795），旨在评估新诊断的LGG患者每周一次的Tovorafenib单药疗法，入组患者均具有已知的激活RAF改变。司美替尼 NCCN指南推荐用于BRAF变异包括BRAF V600E突变或BRAF融合和NF1突变的复发或进展性局限性胶质瘤成人患者。该推荐基于一项多中心 II 期试验（NCT01089101）的第1组和第3组研究结果：司美替尼对复发性、难治性或进展性伴有常见BRAF变异的PA和NF1相关pLGG具有活性。第1组包括患有WHO 1级毛细胞星形细胞瘤（PA）的儿童，25例符合条件且可评估的肿瘤中有18例（72%）具有 KIAA1549-BRAF融合，有7例（28%）具有BRAF V600E 突变。9例（36%）患者达到PR，9例（36%）疾病稳定（SD）和7例（28%）疾病进展（PD）。2年PFS为70%（95%CI：47%−85%）。在具有 KIAA1549-BRAF 融合的肿瘤中7例（38.9%）PR，而在BRAF V600E肿瘤中2例（28.6%）PR 。第3组包括25例患有任何NF1相关pLGG（WHO 1级和2级）的儿童接受治疗。10例（40%）患者达到 PR，15例（60%） SD和1例（4%）PD。2年PFS为96%（95% CI：74%-99.4%）。 3 靶向分子标志物：MET融合脑胶质瘤中MET异常形式主要有MET融合、MET ex14跳突、MET扩增及MET蛋白过表达；约12%脑胶质瘤被发现存在MET融合，其中PTPRZ1-MET（简称ZM）融合通常与MET ex14跳突同时出现在既往有低级别病史的胶质母细胞瘤中，发生率约为14%，并与更差的预后相关。 ▼MET融合断点（A）及其在5个癌种中的情况（B）和伴侣基因染色体分布（C）注：BC：脑癌，LC：肺癌，IC：小肠癌，GC：胃癌，BDC：胆管癌伯瑞替尼伯瑞替尼（Vebreltinib，PLB-1001）是一种高选择性MET抑制剂，于2024年4月23日获得NMPA批准用于既往治疗失败的具有PTPRZ1-MET融合基因的IDH突变型星形细胞瘤（WHO 4级）或有低级别病史的胶质母细胞瘤成人患者。这使其成为我国首个获批治疗脑胶质瘤MET异常患者的靶向药。获批主要是基于一项随机、对照、开放、多中心的II/III期临床研究（FUGEN，NCT06105619），该研究旨在对比伯瑞替尼与TMZ剂量密度方案或依托泊苷+顺铂方案的安全性和有效性。截至2023年12月，该研究共纳入了84例患者。结果显示，相较于TMZ剂量密度方案或顺铂联合依托泊苷方案，伯瑞替尼单药方案mOS为6.31个月，对照组为3.38个月，降低48%的死亡风险，可显著改善ZM融合脑胶质瘤患者生存。整体安全耐受，常见不良反应多为1-2级，可通过临床管理恢复。 4 靶向药物分子标志物：NTRK融合编码TRK融合蛋白（TRKA、TRKB、TRKC）的基因包括NTRK1、NTRK2或NTRK3的基因，这些基因融合蛋白增加了激酶功能，并与许多实体瘤发生有关。大约0.55-2%的胶质瘤/神经上皮肿瘤含有NTRK融合，但在儿童高级别胶质瘤（HGG）中NTRK融合发生率可能高达5.3%，弥漫性内生性脑桥胶质瘤（DIPG）达4%，3岁以下非脑干HGG达40%。 ▼中枢神经系统肿瘤中NTRK融合的发生率及高频的融合基因类型小分子TRK抑制剂拉罗替尼（Larorectinib，FDA/NMPA）、恩曲替尼（Entrectinib，FDA/NMPA）、瑞普替尼（Repotrectinib，FDA）已在成人和儿童各种癌症的多项试验中显示出抗肿瘤活性，并已获得国内外药监局批准用于NTRK融合的实体瘤患者。目前，针对NTRK融合的成人复发或进展性胶质母细胞瘤以及儿童HGG患者，NCCN指南推荐首选拉罗替尼和恩曲替尼；针对成人患者，2024.V2版NCCN指南新增推荐了瑞普替尼。瑞普替尼瑞普替尼获批基于多中心、单臂、开放标签的I/II期临床试验TRIDENT-1（NCT03093116），该研究纳入了3例TKI经治的胶质母细胞瘤患者，ORR为33.3%，DoR为23.5个月。文献研究报道一名2岁的女性婴儿半球型脑胶质瘤，伴有ZBTB43-NTRK2融合和CDKN2A/2B半合子缺失，在左额颞肿瘤首次手术切除后，接受了诱导化疗，自体外周血干细胞移植（aPBSCT）联合卡铂和塞替派，以及质子治疗（55.8 Gy）。第二次手术切除残留肿瘤后，参加了口服瑞普替尼的临床试验，在3年随访期间未发生疾病复发。 ▼瑞普替尼在TKI经治的NTRK融合胶质母细胞瘤患者中的疗效 ▼NTRK融合的婴儿半球型脑胶质瘤的治疗过程 5 免疫药物分子标志物：超突变遗传性癌症易感性综合征CMMRD（结构性错配修复缺陷综合征，由MMR基因[MLH1、PMS2、MSH2、MSH6]的双等位基因突变导致）经常导致儿童弥漫性高级别胶质瘤的发展，其特点是比偶发脑肿瘤或其他实体肿瘤具有更高的突变负荷。由此产生的超突变肿瘤可能对免疫检查点抑制敏感。针对超突变的复发或进展性的儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤患者，NCCN指南推荐首选纳武利尤单抗、帕博利珠单抗。然而，其有效性的证据目前仅限于病例报告和单一机构的经验。 ▼CMMRD和林奇综合征的遗传模式图（林奇综合征为MMR基因杂合突变，CMMD为MMR基因双等位基因突变）一项研究报告了两个患有复发性多灶性GBM的bMMRD（biallelic MMR deficiency syndrome，同CMMRD）的姐弟，存在POLE突变和高肿瘤突变负荷（预测具有较高的新生抗原），接受了抗程序性死亡-1（PD-1）抑制剂纳武利尤单抗的治疗，在几个月的治疗后，这两个孩子的临床和放射学反应都很明显。另一项案例研究报道，一例5岁女孩存在纯合MSH6 c.1883G>A 突变而患有GBM和CMMRD，接受免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）纳武利尤单抗治疗，肿瘤缩小了60%，临床症状得到改善，响应持续10个月。研究表明，将CMMRD的基因组和/或分子检测纳入常规儿科肿瘤学临床护理可以确定可能从ICI中受益的患者亚群。一项在丹娜-法伯/波士顿儿童医院对11例复发性或难治性中枢神经系统肿瘤儿童患者进行的回顾性研究显示，免疫检查点抑制剂在儿童患者中具有相当好的耐受性，值得进一步的临床试验研究。 2.2 临床试验/案例报道的其他分子标志物及药物 1 靶向药物分子标志物：ALK融合婴儿半球胶质瘤携带 ALK、ROS1、NTRK1/2/3 或MET受体酪氨酸激酶重排，与其他儿科高级别胶质瘤相比，更适合治疗，生存结果更好。一名3岁的婴儿半球胶质瘤患者肿瘤细胞显示ALK 具有弥漫性免疫反应，RNA 测序显示SPECC1L-ALK融合，于是采用ALK抑制剂洛拉替尼治疗，至8个月，仅残余较小的肿瘤，实行探查性手术后未发现肿瘤，停止治疗6 个月后疾病进展，恢复洛拉替尼治疗，治疗一个月实现几乎完全缓解。另一项案例研究报道，一名3岁婴儿型半球胶质瘤，DNA测序检出QKI-ALK融合，经常规放化疗治疗进展后，采用阿来替尼治疗2个月左右，治疗期间发生肺部转移，更换为洛拉替尼治疗，实现脑部和肺部病灶的完全缓解。 2 靶向药物分子标志物：FGFR变异约有8%的胶质瘤患者会发生FGFR基因组改变，尤其是FGFR1和FGFR3，并且在约3%-5%的GBM患者中存在FGFR3-TACC3（F3T3）融合突变。研究表明F3T3融合是染色体4p16上70kb区域串联复制的结果，通常伴有低水平的局灶扩增，存在该基因融合的肿瘤细胞大量表达嵌合蛋白。FGFR1-TACC1（F1T1）融合在特定的低级别胶质瘤(如室外神经细胞瘤)中可达60%。文献报道1例胶质母细胞瘤患者，携带FGFR3扩增和FGFR3-TACC3融合，经安罗替尼和替莫唑胺治疗2个月后实现部分缓解。原发性脊髓胶质母细胞瘤（PSC GBM）检出FGFR3 p.S249C，接受10个周期的安罗替尼联合伊立替康化疗，随访约10个月期间，患者症状明显减轻，疗效得以维持。有文章报道，两例携带有FGFR3-TACC3融合突变的GBM患者，在接受安罗替尼治疗后疾病得到持续缓解。一项在复发性胶质瘤患者（携带FGFR改变）中进行的多中心II期临床研究（NCT01975701）数据显示，26名接受FGFR抑制剂Infigratinib治疗的患者的6个月PFS率为16.0%，中位PFS为1.7个月，客观缓解率为3.8%。但是4名携带FGFR1（K656E，n = 2) 或FGFR3（ K650E; n = 1）点突变或FGFR3-TACC3融合突变的肿瘤患者疾病控制持续时间超过1年。另外一项临床研究（NCT04083976）报道了FGFR抑制剂厄达替尼在具有FGFR改变的14种实体瘤体治疗中的有效性，其中30名高级别胶质瘤患者的ORR为20%。一项佩米替尼的II期临床研究纳入9例为F3T3融合的胶质瘤（共纳入13例FGFR变异），1例完全缓解，1例部分缓解，2例疾病稳定。目前一项旨在评估佩米替尼在先前治疗过的胶质母细胞瘤或其他原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤患者（携带FGFR1-3改变，包括融合/重排，激活突变或框内缺失）中的疗效和安全性的研究（NCT05267106，II期）正在进行招募中。一项关于Zoligratinib（Debio-1347）的单中心研究纳入5例FGFR变异的儿童胶质瘤患者，1例F3T3融合，1例F1T1融合，在融合的患者中1例PR，1例SD。参考资料【1】 Shen D , Zhang J , Yuan K ,et al.Landscape of IDH1/2 mutations in Chinese patients with solid tumors: A pan-cancer analysis[J].Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine, 2021.DOI:10.1002/mgg3.1697. 【2】Watts JM, Baer MR, Yang J, et al. 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Neuro Oncol. 2023;25(1):4-25. doi:10.1093/neuonc/noac207 【39】https://fore.bio/fore-biotherapeutics-to-present-promising-new-data-from-phase-1-2a-trial-evaluating-plixorafenib-fore8394-in-patients-with-braf-altered-advanced-solid-and-central-nervous-system-tumors-at-asco-2023/ 【40】https://fore.bio/fore-biotherapeutics-announces-oral-presentation-at-sno-2023-reporting-updated-phase-1-2a-results-for-plixorafenib-in-braf-v600-advanced-solid-tumors-including-novel-data-for-patients-with-braf-v600/ 声明：发表/转载本文仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本公众号观点或证实其内容的真实性。据此内容作出的任何判断，后果自负。若有侵权，告知必删！长按关注本公众号粉丝群/投稿/授权/广告等请联系公众号助手觉得本文好看，请点这里↓

临床3期临床结果临床2期免疫疗法

2024-10-25

·PRNewswire

Jubilant Therapeutics Inc. announces First Patient Dosing in Global Clinical Trials for JBI-802, a CoREST Inhibitor and JBI-778, a PRMT5 Inhibitor

JBI-802 is a first-in-class, orally administered, inhibitor of CoREST complex JBI-778 is a potential best-in-class, orally administered, brain penetrant inhibitor of PRMT5 MORRISVILLE, N.C., Oct. 25, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Jubilant Therapeutics Inc., a biopharmaceutical company advancing small molecule precision therapeutics to address unmet medical needs in oncology and autoimmune diseases, today announced the dosing of first patients in global clinical trials involving two pipeline programs: Phase I/II clinical trial of JBI-802 in heme-oncology and Phase I clinical trial for JBI-778 in solid tumors. "We are excited to take this significant step forward in our mission to transform the lives of patients through the development of easy to administer precision oral medicines with enhanced safety and therapeutic efficacy," said Hari S Bhartia, Chairman, Jubilant Therapeutics Inc. JBI-802 is a first-in-class, orally administered, small-molecule dual inhibitor of LSD1 (Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A) and HDAC6 (Histone deacetylase 6) within the CoREST (Co-repressor of Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription) complex. In the earlier Phase I study conducted in advanced solid tumor patients, JBI-802 showed a dose-proportional increase in exposure across cohorts and a strong correlation between exposure and the on-target effect of platelet decrease. There were no reports of Dysgeusia and Anemia, typical adverse events seen with LSD1only inhibitors. The Phase I trial also showed anti-tumor activity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients including a confirmed partial response. Overall, the study results provided human proof-of-principle for expanding the development of JBI-802 in Essential Thrombocythemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN) with thrombocytosis. Essential Thrombocythemia is a chronic disease of excessive platelets with over 100,000 patients in the United States for whom the primary treatment is hydroxyurea, a therapy that poses severe limitations for patients in terms of both safety and efficacy. The second clinical trial is to assess both safety and the recommended Phase II dose for JBI-778, an oral brain-penetrant inhibitor of PRMT5 (Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5) in mEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) resistant NSCLC, IDH+ high-grade glioma (HGG) and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC). PRMT5, although a proven pathway for multiple cancers, has produced mixed results in terms of drug development due to safety concerns surrounding SAM competitive approach to PRMT5 inhibition and patient segment limitations of MTAP null tumor-focused approach PRMT5 inhibition. JBI-778 is a unique substrate competitive brain penetrant PRMT5 inhibitor that has shown no adverse effects in preclinical setting and can address both MTAP null and wild type tumors as well as brain tumors, catering to a larger patient segment including those with brain metastases. "The two most advanced novel drug candidates at Jubilant Therapeutics Inc. were discovered in-house using our TIBEO (Therapeutic Index and Brain Exposure Optimization) Discovery Engine. It is our unique approach of structure-based drug design to generate novel pharmacophores with improved therapeutic index compared to existing agents. We are excited to advance both JBI-802 and JBI-778 in genetically-defined subsets of patients with select hematological and solid tumor indications with high unmet medical needs. Initial clinical data are expected to read out in 2025," said Syed Kazmi, Chief Executive officer, Jubilant Therapeutics Inc. About JBI-802 JBI-802 is novel, oral, potent and selective dual inhibitor of two epigenetic targets of the CoREST complex: LSD1 and HDAC6. It targets stem cell modulation by inhibiting LSD1 and modulates immune suppression with isoform selective HDAC6 inhibition. Preclinical research has demonstrated its synergistic anti-tumor activity, which is superior compared to either target alone and with a favorable safety profile. JBI-802 is under evaluation in both hematological cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and other myeloproliferative cancers as well as solid tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. About JBI-778 JBI-778 is novel, oral, potent and brain penetrant inhibitor of PRMT5. JBI-778 targets the substrate site and stabilizes SAM bound to PRMT5, providing high biological selectivity and has shown a superior safety profile as seen in animals. Preclinical research has demonstrated significant activity in Tyrokinase-Inhibitor resistant cell lines, brain tumor and NSCLC. JBI-778 is under evaluation in solid tumors such as NSCLC, High Grade Glioma and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. About Jubilant Therapeutics Inc. Jubilant Therapeutics Inc. is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company developing precision oral medicines with enhanced therapeutic index to address unmet medical needs in oncology and autoimmune diseases for genetically defined patients. Its advanced structure-based discovery engine, TIBEO (Therapeutic Index and Brain Exposure Optimization), has been validated through successful partnerships. The Company's clinical pipeline consists of a first-in-class dual CoREST modifier, JBI-802, currently in a Phase I/II clinical trial in multiple tumors and a novel brain-penetrant modulator of PRMT5, currently in Phase I clinical trial. Additional pre-clinical programs include brain penetrant and gut restrictive PDL1 inhibitors, as well as PAD4 inhibitors for oncology and inflammatory indications. The Company is headquartered in Pennsylvania and guided by globally renowned scientific advisors. For more information, please visit or follow us on Twitter @JubilantTx and LinkedIn. Logo: SOURCE Jubilant Therapeutics Inc. WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED