更新于：2024-09-19

AHRR

更新于：2024-09-19

基本信息

别名

AHH、AHHR、AhR repressor

+ [6]

简介

Mediates dioxin toxicity and is involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Represses the transcription activity of AHR by competing with this transcription factor for heterodimer formation with the ARNT and subsequently binding to the xenobiotic response element (XRE) sequence present in the promoter regulatory region of variety of genes. Represses CYP1A1 by binding the XRE sequence and recruiting ANKRA2, HDAC4 and/or HDAC5. Autoregulates its expression by associating with its own XRE site.

关联

(±)-13e(北京协和医院)

靶点

AHRR

作用机制

AHRR antagonists

在研机构

中国医学科学院北京协和医院

原研机构

中国医学科学院北京协和医院

在研适应症

肿瘤

非在研适应症-

最高研发阶段临床前

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

PEPR112

靶点

AHRR

作用机制

AHRR antagonists

在研机构

Peptris Technologies Pvt Ltd.

原研机构

Peptris Technologies Pvt Ltd.

在研适应症

杜氏肌营养不良症

非在研适应症-

最高研发阶段临床前

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

100 项与 AHRR 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 AHRR 相关的转化医学

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0 项与 AHRR 相关的专利（医药）

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1,235

项与 AHRR 相关的文献（医药）

2024-07-25·Journal of Leukocyte Biology

The AHR repressor limits expression of antimicrobial genes but not AHR-dependent genes in intestinal eosinophils

Article

作者: Mayer, Michelle ; Shapiro, Michael ; Diny, Nicola Laura ; Stockinger, Brigitta ; Weighardt, Heike ; Förster, Irmgard

AbstractIntestinal eosinophils express the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an environmental sensor and ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to dietary or environmental ligands. AHR regulates tissue adaptation, survival, adhesion, and immune functions in intestinal eosinophils. The AHR repressor (AHRR) is itself induced by AHR and believed to limit AHR activity in a negative feedback loop. We analyzed gene expression in intestinal eosinophils from wild-type and AHRR knockout mice and found that AHRR did not suppress most AHR-dependent genes. Instead, AHRR limited the expression of a distinct small set of genes involved in the innate immune response. These included S100 proteins, antimicrobial proteins, and alpha-defensins. Using bone marrow–derived eosinophils, we found that AHRR knockout eosinophils released more reactive oxygen species upon stimulation. This work shows that the paradigm of AHRR as a repressor of AHR transcriptional activity does not apply to intestinal eosinophils. Rather, AHRR limits the expression of innate immune response and antimicrobial genes, possibly to maintain an anti-inflammatory phenotype in eosinophils when exposed to microbial signals in the intestinal environment.

2024-07-01·Molecular Metabolism

Differential cell type-specific function of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its repressor in diet-induced obesity and fibrosis

Article

作者: Förster, Irmgard ; Abdullah, Zeinab ; Weighardt, Heike ; Majlesain, Yasmin ; Beyer, Marc D ; Klepac, Katarina ; Reverte-Salisa, Laia ; Ulas, Thomas ; Händler, Kristian ; Gondorf, Fabian ; Esser, Charlotte ; He, Wei ; Lindenberg, Sophie K ; Hiller, Karsten ; Gosejacob, Dominic ; Wunderling, Klaus ; Hatzfeld, Philip ; Mayer, Michelle ; Graelmann, Frederike J ; Niemann, Birte ; Pfeifer, Alexander ; Gottschalk, Marlene ; Iriady, Irina ; Thiele, Christoph

OBJECTIVEThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor regulating xenobiotic responses as well as physiological metabolism. Dietary AhR ligands activate the AhR signaling axis, whereas AhR activation is negatively regulated by the AhR repressor (AhRR). While AhR-deficient mice are known to be resistant to diet-induced obesity (DIO), the influence of the AhRR on DIO has not been assessed so far.METHODSIn this study, we analyzed AhRR^-/- mice and mice with a conditional deletion of either AhRR or AhR in myeloid cells under conditions of DIO and after supplementation of dietary AhR ligands. Moreover, macrophage metabolism was assessed using Seahorse Mito Stress Test and ROS assays as well as transcriptomic analysis.RESULTSWe demonstrate that global AhRR deficiency leads to a robust, but not as profound protection from DIO and hepatosteatosis as AhR deficiency. Under conditions of DIO, AhRR^-/- mice did not accumulate TCA cycle intermediates in the circulation in contrast to wild-type (WT) mice, indicating protection from metabolic dysfunction. This effect could be mimicked by dietary supplementation of AhR ligands in WT mice. Because of the predominant expression of the AhRR in myeloid cells, AhRR-deficient macrophages were analyzed for changes in metabolism and showed major metabolic alterations regarding oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial activity. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mice with a genetic deficiency of the AhRR in myeloid cells did not show alterations in weight gain after high fat diet (HFD) but demonstrated ameliorated liver damage compared to control mice. Further, deficiency of the AhR in myeloid cells also did not affect weight gain but led to enhanced liver damage and adipose tissue fibrosis compared to controls.CONCLUSIONSAhRR-deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Although conditional ablation of either the AhR or AhRR in myeloid cells did not recapitulate the phenotype of the global knockout, our findings suggest that enhanced AhR signaling in myeloid cells deficient for AhRR protects from diet-induced liver damage and fibrosis, whereas myeloid cell-specific AhR deficiency is detrimental.

2024-07-01·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Immunobiotic Bacteria Attenuate Hepatic Fibrosis through the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and the Activation of Aryl‐Hydrocarbon Receptors Pathway in Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Mice

Article

作者: Nam, Young-Do ; Kanmani, Paulraj ; Lim, Soo-Kyoung ; Villena, Julio ; Song, Eun-Ji ; Kim, Hojun

ScopeNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide that can progress to liver fibrosis (LF). Probiotics have beneficial roles in reducing intestinal inflammation and gut‐associated diseases, but their effects and mechanisms beyond the gut in attenuating the progression of LF are remained unclear.Methods and resultsIn a mouse model of NASH/LF induced by a methionine‐choline deficient (MCD) diet, immunobiotics are administered to investigate their therapeutic effects. Results show that the MCD diet leads to liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis, which are alleviated by immunobiotics. Immunobiotics reduces serum endotoxin and inflammatory markers while increasing regulatory cytokines and liver weight. They also suppress Th17 cells, known for producing inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, immunobiotics mitigate collagen deposition and fibrogenic signaling in the liver, while restoring gut‐barrier integrity and microbiota composition. Additionally, immunobiotics enhance the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway in both colonic and liver tissues.ConclusionsOverall, these results demonstrate a novel insight into the mechanisms through which immunobiotic administration improves the gut health which in turn increases the AhR pathway and inhibits HSCs activation and fibrosis progression beyond the gut in the liver tissue of NASH/LF mice.

项与 AHRR 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-02-19

·奇点网

《自然》：吸烟持久伤免疫！科学家发现，吸烟会通过DNA甲基化长期影响适应性免疫，戒烟后影响依旧存在丨科学大发现

*仅供医学专业人士阅读参考感觉流感季终于快过去了！过年前那段时间可真是你方唱罢我登场，身边朋友轮流发烧咳嗽，只要还出门见人，谁也逃不过病毒。不过都是生病，严重的人发高烧遭大罪，有的人可能擤了两天鼻涕没事儿了，人和人之间免疫系统亦有差距啊。上周，来自法国的科学团队在《自然》杂志发表论文，研究者们分析了1000名健康人的血液样本，试图找到个体免疫差异的关键决定因素。有趣的是，分析了大量与社会人口统计学、饮食/生活方式有关的因素之后，研究者们发现，对免疫功能影响最大的三个因素竟然是吸烟、巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染和体重指数（BMI）。其中吸烟尤其值得关注，因为吸烟可以通过改变表观遗传对适应性免疫产生影响，且在戒烟后还能持续多年。论文题图个体之间免疫功能差距极大，过去的三年我们已经亲身体会过这一点。免疫能力到底受什么影响？为了搞清楚这个问题，研究者们开展了此次试验。试验采用多种免疫激动剂分别刺激参与者全血样本22小时，并随后检测其中13种在病生理状态下比较受关注的细胞因子，CXCL5、CSF2、IFNγ、IL-1β、TNF、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12p70、IL-13、IL-17 和IL-23的水平。免疫激动剂包括微生物和病毒类制剂，如卡介苗（BCG）、大肠杆菌、脂多糖（LPS）、poly I：C等等，这些刺激物主要诱导先天免疫；金黄色葡萄球菌肠菌素B（SEB）、抗CD3+CD18抗体等T细胞激活剂可以诱导适应性免疫；此外还有TNF、IL-1β、IFNγ等细胞因子。另一方面，研究者从电子病历中总结出了136个潜在的影响因素，将它们分别与不同刺激物诱导的细胞因子变化进行相关性检验。最终得出的分析结果显示，BMI、CMV潜伏感染和吸烟相关性最强。不同刺激物对细胞因子水平的影响及与不同因素的相关性吸烟影响的主要是SEB刺激和抗CD3+CD28抗体刺激后的IL-2和IL-3水平，以及先天免疫刺激后的CXCL5水平。这与之前的研究结果是一致的，吸烟会促进炎症并削弱对细菌感染的免疫力。CMV潜伏感染影响的主要是适应性免疫刺激后的CSF2、IFNγ和TNF，这表明CMV血清阳性与效应T细胞记忆亚群数量增加之间存在关联。BMI则主要影响BCG刺激后的CXCL5和SEB刺激后的IL-2水平，这与肥胖中CXCL5和IL-2失衡表现也是一致的。针对吸烟，研究者进一步分析了烟龄、戒烟年限等相关因素的影响。值得注意的是，吸烟对先天免疫的影响是短暂的，对适应性免疫的影响却非常长远。戒烟后对适应性免疫的影响仍然存在为了寻找背后的机制，研究者确定了2416个与吸烟直接相关的CpG位点，并在参与者中进行了相应位点的甲基化水平分析。这些位点中，有129个与SEB刺激后的IL-2水平显著相关，将其中11个作为协变量加入模型之后，吸烟与IL-2和IL-3的关联消失了，也就是说这11个CpG的甲基化就是吸烟影响适应性免疫的中介。这11个位点中，有3个与芳烃受体阻遏蛋白（AHRR）基因有关，其他还包括视黄酸受体（RARA）、丝氨酸蛋白酶（PRSS23）、G蛋白偶联受体（GPR15）等基因。在这些位点上，吸烟者的甲基化水平明显较低，戒烟者则略有回升。研究者还测试了5699237个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与刺激诱导细胞因子的关联，并报告了多个反应蛋白数量性状位点（pQTL），包括与多种自身免疫性疾病有关的FCGR2A附近的反式pQTL和与年龄相关黄斑变性有关的TLR3外显子上的反式pQTL。这表明吸烟参与调节不同基因型个体对免疫刺激的反应差异。最后，研究者计算了吸烟的影响程度。量化其对细胞因子水平的影响，研究者得出结论，吸烟可以解释个体差异的4%到9%，这一幅度与年龄、性别和遗传效应相当。看来吸烟对免疫的影响是真的很大。参考资料：[1]https://www-nature-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/articles/s41586-023-06968-8[2]https://www-nature-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/articles/d41586-024-00412-1[3]https://www-nature-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/articles/d41586-024-00232-3本文作者丨代丝雨

免疫疗法临床研究