An open labeled, comparative, step-up phase-II clinical study to assess deposition and efficacy of sodium alpha-ketoglutarate nebulization fluid (submicron-sized) in management of hydrogen cyanide, methyl isocyanate (MIC) toxicity and ammonia gas exposure

开始日期2012-08-31

申办/合作机构

Defence Research & Development Establishment

CTRI/2013/07/003833

/ Recruiting临床2期

An open labeled, comparative phase-II field study to assess the efficacy and safety of atropine sulfate intranasal drops in patients of organophosphorus poisoning or nerve gas exposure

开始日期2012-08-31

申办/合作机构

Defence Research & Development Establishment

100 项与 Defence Research & Development Establishment 相关的临床结果

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0 项与 Defence Research & Development Establishment 相关的专利（医药）

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1,738

项与 Defence Research & Development Establishment 相关的文献（医药）

2025-05-01·Toxicology Letters

A battery of assays for chasing ricin and its activity

Article

作者: Dixit, Shivani ; Ts, Greeshma ; Saxena, Nandita ; Parashar, Jagrati ; Yadav, Anjali ; Dhaked, Ram Kumar

Ricin, a type-2 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein (RIP), is a dangerous biotoxin derived from castor plant seeds. It is classified as a Schedule 1 agent by the Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) and a Category B agent by the Biological and Toxin Weapon Convention (BTWC). Despite their high toxicity, castor seed plants are widely used for the production of castor oil and in folk medicine systems for the treatment of various diseases. Due to the lack of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication, early detection of biologically active ricin is critical for implementing suitable countermeasures in time to avert casualties. It is required to employ an integrated approach to distinguish between pure and crude ricin as well as active/inactive ricin. In the present study, a series of bioassays were performed to identify biologically active ricin and its different forms. This assessment included both field and lab-based assays to detect and differentiate different isoforms of ricin. The assays used are the lateral flow assay (LFA), hemagglutination assay (HA), In-vitro translational system (IVTS), cytotoxicity assay (CA), and mouse protection assay (MPA). Considering the ricin-contaminated scenario, the first step was to qualitatively determine the presence of ricin using LFA. Following that, a HA was optimized to differentiate between crude and pure ricin. In addition to this, the assay was also able to differentiate various cultivars and isoforms. IVTS assay was used to identify the enzymatic activity of the ricin A chain that inhibited translational machinery with IC₅₀ (50 % inhibitory concentration) of 11.2 ng/ml. Further neutralization with anti-ricin rabbit polyclonal antibodies (RPAb) confirmed the ricin-mediated translation inhibition and excluded the use of other RIPs (abrin, saproin, and viscumin). Cytotoxicity in HeLa cells was used as a cellular model with an estimated CC₅₀ value (50 % cytotoxic concentration) of 36 ng/ml. The neutralization experiment with RPAb specifically reversed the ricin-induced cytotoxicity. A mouse protection assay was done using 5X LD₅₀ of ricin, which caused mortality within 48 h. RPAb increased the survival, verdict the presence of ricin, and eliminated the presence of related RIPs. All the proposed assays suffice the requirement during ricin exposure scenario from the field to the laboratory. These assays are also capable of distinguishing crude/pure/cultivars, and isoforms of ricin. During an emergency, a combination of these assays will help us to make faster decisions and increase the therapeutic time window for treatment.

2025-04-01·Journal of Clinical Virology

Molecular epidemiology of Kyasanur forest disease employing ONT-NGS a field forward sequencing

Article

作者: Dash, Paban Kumar ; Yadav, Pooja ; Dhankher, Suman ; Sharma, Shashi

The future of infectious agent detection and molecular characterization lies in field-forward, on-site strategies. The lack of genomic information for recently circulating Kyasanur Forest Disease virus strains is critical. Kyasanur Forest Virus Disease virus PCR-positive samples from 2018 to 2020 were selected for sequencing. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed. In this study, we deciphered KFDV whole genomes using the ONT-NGS technique to analyze targeted KFD surveillance from 2018-2020. This study is the first to report recently circulating KFDV strains employing a simple on-site field-forward approach for viral surveillance. Altogether, 19 KFDV genomes were sequenced, and 28 non-synonymous variants were detected in the viral strains circulating from 2018-2020 in the Shivamogga district of Karnataka state in India. The prevailing Variant was detected in more than 10 changes in 80 % of the samples in the viral envelope protein. Recently, circulating KFDV has been the predominant lineage over the past years. India reports seasonal outbreaks almost every year from the Karnataka state of the KFD. The genomic sequences deciphered here belong to the period (2018-2020) that covers the KFDV sequences as the first information. This will contribute to the development and revisiting of diagnostic and vaccine strategies.

2025-03-01·Gene

Genes encoding antibiotic modifying enzymes conferring resistance against aminoglycosides in bacteria: Their identification and detection from wastewater

Article

作者: Kumar Rai, Sharad ; Patnaik, Abhinandan ; Kumar Dhaked, Ram

Global reporting of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) bearing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have increased in the past decade. Sewage systems act as breeding grounds for these pathogens. Dumping of untreated sewage effluent in river water systems have aided in their dissemination and spread. The molecular pathways circumventing antibiotics through ARGs is rising owing to overuse of these drugs. Use of aminoglycoside spectrum drugs has been increased exponentially. The genes providing resistance to these antibiotics are transferred through extra-chromosomal circular DNA elements. Polluted water bodies are ground zero for exchange of these genetic factors. Through literature survey, we shortlisted some clinically relevant genes which provide resistance against aminoglycosides and hold immense importance in present scenario. Initial screening for these genes was done on water samples collected from Swarna Rekha River channel in Gwalior District of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of five identified genes were sequence verified using conventional PCR followed by targeted sequencing. Further, diagnostic platforms were designed for two reoccurring genes npmA & sat4^A and their presence evaluated from wastewater samples collected from urban establishments of the district. Prevalence of these genes in sewage samples validated the broad impact of urban waste burden in polluting local water bodies. We were able to identify some indispensable and high risk aminoglycoside resistance providing genes, unreported in Indian context. This approach towards ARG screening could support risk assessment of future antibiotic resistance associated public health hazards.

100 项与 Defence Research & Development Establishment 相关的药物交易

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100 项与 Defence Research & Development Establishment 相关的转化医学

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