College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the incidence of endodontic flare-ups in patients undergoing single-visit versus multiple-visit root canal treatment (RCT) at Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat. The study will recruit 344 patients aged above 10 and below 60 years, with permanent first molars indicated for RCT and meeting specific clinical and radiographic criteria. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: one receiving single-visit RCT and the other receiving multiple-visit RCT. Pain and flare-up incidence will be evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and swelling grading criteria at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment. The primary outcome is the frequency of endodontic flare-ups requiring additional intervention. The study also examines the role of occlusal reduction in managing postoperative discomfort. Data will be analyzed using SPSS v23 with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to compare outcomes. The findings aim to inform evidence-based protocols for endodontic treatment in the local population.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of laser therapy versus desensitizing agents in reducing pain among participants with dentinal hypersensitivity conducted in Saidu College of Dentistry. Pain will be measured at baseline, immediately post-treatment, one week, and three months using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

The goal of this study is to compare the mean length of hospital stay between children with pneumonia receiving melatonin as an adjuvant therapy and those receiving standard of care alone.
The hypothesis is that combining oral melatonin with standard treatment can reduce the length of hospital stay as compared to standard of care alone.
The control group will receive standard treatment (antibiotic) while the intervention group will receive standard treatment plus melatonin for 14 days.