Daffodil International University

A pentacyclic triterpenoid produced from medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables, Ursolic acid (UA) has pharmacological activity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions of UA with molecular targets, its various mechanisms of action, and its clinical implications in cancer therapy. Numerous studies have been conducted on the pharmacological effects of UA, and its biological benefits, such as its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities, have been demonstrated. The study showed how signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB, work together to control cell death, proliferation, and inflammation. UA effectively treats cancer by interacting with molecular targets in cell signaling pathways, making it a potent treatment option. It inhibits tumor cell transformation, limits their reproduction ability, and triggers apoptosis. It also has been found to inhibit various pro-inflammatory transcription factors and cell cycle proteins, such as kinases, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes. The targets may aid in UA's chemopreventive and therapeutic benefits by preventing cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis. UA inhibits cancer cell proliferation by arresting and triggering apoptosis through the cell cycle. It is a promising anticancer agent with various mechanisms of action. Additionally, it can target multiple signaling pathways and influence the tumor microenvironment, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapy in cancer treatment. Further clinical investigations are needed to entirely understand the therapeutic potential of UA and optimize its application in cancer. This review explores the molecular targets of UA and provides insights into its potential anticancer activities.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic and hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Limited data exists on Syrian women's PCOS awareness and health behaviors. This study aimed to gauge PCOS prevalence, knowledge, awareness, and health-related practices among Syrian women. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 11 February to 27 October 2022, targeting Syrian women aged 18-45. Collaborators from specific medical universities distributed a questionnaire adapted from a Malaysian paper through social media platforms. Out of 1840 surveyed Syrian women, 64.2% were aged 21-29, and 69.6% held bachelor's degrees. Those with a bachelor's degree exhibited the highest mean knowledge score (12.86), and women previously diagnosed with PCOS had a higher mean knowledge score (13.74) than those without. Approximately 27.4% were confirmed PCOS cases, and 38.9% had possible cases. Women with PCOS were 3.41 times more likely to possess knowledge about the condition. The findings suggest a moderate level of PCOS knowledge and health-related practices among Syrian women, emphasizing the need for increased awareness. Consistent local PCOS screening programs, in collaboration with obstetrics and gynecology professionals, are crucial for improving understanding and clinical symptom recognition of this condition among Syrian women.