Despite the success of immunomodulatory antibodies in immuno-oncol., challenges remain in expanding the target space, developing next-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors and active immune checkpoint control immunotherapy with improved efficacy and safety, and addressing innate and acquired resistance to immunotherapy.This presentation focuses the leading immunomodulatory pathways as well as therapeutic targets we have identified in B7 superfamily members: B7-H1 (PDL1), B7-H2 (ICOSL), B7-H3 and B7-H4, TNF ligands and receptor superfamily: Blys (THANK), DR3 (TNFR25), DR4, DR5, DR6, GITR (AITR, TNFR18), GITRL, TR2, LIGHT, TR6, TL1A, RANK, TNFRSF19, RELT, TR1 (DcR3), DcR1and DcR2, Siglecs family: Siglec 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and Galectin family: Galectin 9, 10, 11, 12.