作者: Silveira, Marcos ; Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade ; de Andrade Miranda, Ires Paula ; de Leão Novo, Evlyn Márcia Moraes ; Alexiades, Miguel N. ; Oliveira, Alexandre A. ; Mora, Maria Cristina Peñuela ; Cárdenas, Sasha ; Costa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa ; de Aguiar, Daniel P. P. ; Barlow, Jos ; Galbraith, David ; Gómez, Ricardo Zárate ; Pennington, Toby ; Reategui, Manuel Augusto Ahuite ; de Jesus Veiga Carim, Marcelo ; Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez ; Rudas, Agustín ; Kalamandeen, Michelle ; Martins, Maria Pires ; Ferreira, Cid ; do Amaral, Iêda Leão ; Vasquez, Rodolfo ; Zent, Stanford ; de Souza, Fernanda Coelho ; Montenegro, Luis Torres ; Haugaasen, Torbjørn ; Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H. ; de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana ; Ramirez‐Angulo, Hirma ; Malhi, Yadvinder ; de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida ; Dávila, Nállarett ; Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto ; Gonzales, Therany ; Tello, J. Sebastián ; Ramos, José Ferreira ; Gribel, Rogerio ; Montero, Juan Carlos ; Pombo, Maihyra Marina ; Revilla, Juan David Cardenas ; Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez ; da Silva, Izaias Brasil ; Honorio Coronado, Euridice N. ; van der Heijden, Geertje ; Hilário, Renato Richard ; Ferreira, Maria Julia ; Irume, Mariana Victória ; Householder, John Ethan ; Comiskey, James A. ; Ruschel, Ademir R. ; Hernandez, Lionel ; Di Fiore, Anthony ; Vriesendorp, Corine ; Campelo, Wegliane ; Salomão, Rafael P. ; Baider, Cláudia ; Pansonato, Marcelo Petratti ; Paredes, Marcos Ríos ; Zagt, Roderick ; Marimon, Beatriz S. ; Lopes, Maria Aparecida ; Dallmeier, Francisco ; Bredin, Yennie K. ; Castellanos, Hernán ; Petronelli, Pascal ; Nascimento, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça ; Balslev, Henrik ; Engel, Julien ; Peres, Carlos A. ; Henkel, Terry W. ; Daly, Doug ; Feitosa, Yuri Oliveira ; Umaña, Maria Natalia ; Thomas, Raquel ; Duivenvoorden, Joost F. ; Cano, Angela ; Andrade, Ana ; Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni ; Valverd, Fernando Cornejo ; Camargo, José Luís ; van Andel, Tinde R. ; Parada, Germaine Alexander ; de Sousa Farias, Emanuelle ; Albuquerque, Bianca Weiss ; Hoffman, Bruce ; Schietti, Juliana ; Bauman, David ; Farfan‐Rios, William ; Hawes, Joseph E. ; Lozada, José Rafael ; Villarroel, Daniel ; Garcia‐Cabrera, Karina ; Dexter, Kyle G. ; Barbosa, Edelcilio Marques ; Torre, Emilio Vilanova ; Berenguer, Erika ; Molina, Guido Pardo ; Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa ; Torres‐Lezama, Armando ; Sousa, Thaiane R. ; Pansini, Susamar ; Damasco, Gabriel ; Arboleda, Nicolás Castaño ; Marimon‐Junior, Ben Hur ; Feeley, Kenneth J. ; Bánki, Olaf S. ; de Sá Carpanedo, Rainiellen ; Laurance, William F. ; Stevenson, Pablo R. ; Vela, César I. A. ; Feldpausch, Ted R. ; Ferreira, Joice ; Correa, Diego F. ; Silman, Miles R. ; Arroyo, Luzmila ; Mendoza, Casimiro ; Magalhães, José Leonardo Lima ; de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante ; Rivas‐Torres, Gonzalo ; Alonso, Alfonso ; Brienen, Roel ; Rincón, Lorena Maniguaje ; Chave, Jerome ; Flores, Bernardo Monteiro ; Zartman, Charles Eugene ; Guevara, Juan Ernesto ; Killeen, Timothy J. ; Márquez, Yrma Andreina Carrero ; Phillips, Oliver L. ; Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo ; Millike, William ; Mostacedo, Bonifacio ; de Andrade Lima Filho, Diógenes ; Venticinque, Eduardo Martins ; Neill, David ; Vicentini, Alberto ; Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat ; Zent, Egleé L. ; Pauletto, Daniela ; Barbosa, Flávia Rodrigues ; de Souza Coelho, Luiz ; Rocha, Maira ; Linares‐Palomino, Reynaldo ; de Toledo, José Julio ; Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela ; do Amaral, Dário Dantas ; Cerón, Carlos ; Terborgh, John ; Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni ; Fine, Paul V. A. ; Sabatier, Daniel ; Vos, Vincent Antoine ; Balee, William ; Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro ; Phillips, Juan Fernando ; Durgante, Flávia Machado ; Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães ; Silva, Natalino ; García‐Villacorta, Roosevelt ; Draper, Freddie C. ; Costa, Flávia R. C. ; Lopes, Aline ; Castilho, Carolina V. ; Fonty, Émile ; Lobo, Guilherme ; de Queiroz, Helder Lima ; Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes ; Aymard C, Gerardo A. ; Ferreira, Leandro Valle ; Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire ; Palma‐Silva, Clarisse ; Doza, Hilda Paulette Dávila ; López, Dairon Cárdenas ; Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro ; Wittmann, Florian ; Gomes, Vitor H. F. ; de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia ; Schöngart, Jochen ; Huamantupa‐Chuquimaco, Isau ; Cuenca, Walter Palacios ; Mogollón, Hugo F. ; Fuentes, Alfredo ; Pinto, Linder Felipe Mozombite ; Holmgren, Milena ; Luize, Bruno Garcia ; Jimenez, Eliana M. ; Stropp, Juliana ; von Hildebrand, Patricio ; Magnusson, William E. ; Baraloto, Chris ; Giraldo, Ligia Estela Urrego ; Laurance, Susan G. W. ; Klitgaard, Bente ; Zegarra, Boris Eduardo Villa ; Baker, Tim R. ; de Matos Bonates, Luiz Carlos ; Casas, Luisa Fernanda ; Vargas, Percy Núñez ; Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe ; ter Steege, Hans ; Quaresma, Adriano Costa ; Casula, Katia Regina ; Molino, Jean‐François ; de Jesus Rodrigues, Domingos ; Junqueira, André Braga ; Licona, Juan Carlos ; Gonzales, George Pepe Gallardo ; Pitman, Nigel C. A. ; da Silva Guimarães, José Renan ; Assis, Rafael L. ; Demarchi, Layon O. ; Levis, Carolina ; Prieto, Adriana ; Pena, José Luis Marcelo ; Noronha, Janaína Costa ; Mesones, Italo
AbstractAimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega‐phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white‐sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long‐standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.