Objective: To observe the change of serum peptide hormone and monoamine neurotransmitter in patients with gastric ulcer. Methods: A total of 186 patients with gastric ulcer in our hospital from 2013 Jan. to 2014 Sept. were collected in this study. There were 92 patients in active period, 45 cases in healing period, and 49 cases of scar period. Another 50 cases of healthy volunteers were included as normal control group. Then the serum levels of gastrointestinal hormone such as gastrin (Gas), adrenomedullin (AM), motilin (MTL), somatostatin (SS) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and the gastric mucosa levels of neurotransmitter such as 5-serotonin (5-HT), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), norepinephrine (NE) were detected by ELISA. Results: The serum levels of Gas, AM, MTL of patients with gastric ulcer were significantly higher than healthy controls group, and SS and CGRP were significantly lower than healthy controls group, there was significant in serum levels of peptide hormone in different stages of disease in patients with gastric ulcer (P<0.05). The gastric mucosa levels of 5-HT, SP and NE of patients with gastric ulcer were significantly lower than healthy controls group, while the VIP was higher than healthy controls group, there was significant difference in gastric mucosa levels of neurotransmitter in different stages of disease in patients with gastric ulcer (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are obviously changes of serum peptide hormone and monoamine neurotransmitter in patients with gastric ulcer, which has a close correlation with the progress of the disease.