Mountain ginseng has been used generally as a pharmacopuncture for cancer therapy in clinical practice in Northeast Asia. Nonetheless, there have been few scientific reports for the anticancer action of mountain ginseng. In this study, we investigated whether mountain ginseng extract (MGE) could inhibit the growth of breast cancer in in vitro and in vivo models. MGE showed stronger cytotoxicity than farm‐cultivated ginseng extract (FGE) through promoting ROS generation. Also MGE dose‐dependently brought about mitochondrial dysfunction in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, MGE induced apoptosis through enhancing the activities of caspase‐3/7 by regulation of expression of Bcl‐2, Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase‐3 in the MCF‐7 cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, MGE significantly reduced tumor weights compared with FGE in mice transplanted with MCF‐7 cells, and it regulated the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, such as Bcl‐2, Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved PARP, in the tumor tissues. Additionally, MGE included higher total ginsenoside contents than FGE. In conclusion, MGE, which is richer in ginsenosides, exerts a stronger anticancer action than FGE in breast cancer. The anticancer action of MGE may be closely correlated with caspase‐mediated apoptosis through upregulating ROS generation. Therefore, these findings may be helpful for a clinical understanding of the anticancer mechanism of MGE for breast cancer patients.

2002-12-01·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences1区 · 医学

Andropause: Knowledge and Perceptions Among the General Public and Health Care Professionals

1区 · 医学

Article

作者: Faulkner, Sandy ; Anderson, Joy K ; Gevirtz, Felicia ; Roberts, Susan ; Briley, Jennifer ; Cranor, Carole

BACKGROUNDAndropause, the natural age-related decline in testosterone in men, has been debated in the literature. The nonsexual benefits of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in male hypogonadism are well documented, but whether health care professionals (HCPs) and members of the general public are aware of these benefits is not known. This study assesses the knowledge and perceptions of andropause and TRT among HCPs and members of the general public.METHODSBrief surveys were administered to HCPs and members of the general public who called a medical information telephone line. Trained clinical interviewers surveyed participants for experiences with andropause and TRT and knowledge about nonsexual effects of low testosterone in men.RESULTSOf 443 general public callers, 377 (85%) agreed to participate in the survey. Of these participants, 77% had heard of andropause or male menopause, and 63% had taken TRT. Of 88 HCP callers, 57 (65%) participated. Of these participants, 65% were pharmacists, 80% had encountered patients with symptoms of low testosterone, and 50% reported that patients rarely or never initiated conversations about low testosterone. Among HCPs and the general public, respectively, 98% and 91% knew that low testosterone is treatable with medication, and 60% and 57% knew that it results in osteoporosis. Only 25% of HCPs and 14% of the general public knew that low testosterone does not cause loss of urinary control.CONCLUSIONSHCPs and members of the general public are knowledgeable about some aspects of low testosterone and have misconceptions about others. Educational initiatives are needed.

1998-08-01·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Three Doses of Percutaneous Dihydrotestosterone Gel in Healthy Elderly Men–A Clinical Research Center Study1

Article

作者: Berman, N. ; Steiner, B. ; Faulkner, S. M. ; Ziel, F. ; Wang, C. ; Swerdloff, R. S. ; Iranmanesh, A. ; Dudley, R. E. ; Veldhuis, J. D. ; McDonald, V.

abstractTwenty-five men, 60–80 yr old, participated in a pharmacokinetic study to compare three doses (16, 32, and 64 mg/day, n = 8 or 9 in each group) of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) gel (0.7% hydroalcoholic gel with 2.3 g gel delivering 16 mg DHT) applied daily over one upper arm (16 mg); both arms and shoulders (32 mg); and bilateral arms, shoulders, and upper abdomen (64 mg), respectively. Multiple blood samples for the pharmacokinetic profile for DHT and testosterone (T) were drawn over a 24-h period before application, after first application, and after 14 days of daily application of DHT gel. Additional blood samples for DHT, T, and estradiol were obtained 24 h after application on days 3, 5, 7, and 11 and after discontinuation of DHT gel for 3, 5, 7, and 14 days (days 17, 19, 21, and 28 after first instituting treatment). No skin irritation was observed in any of the subjects. Before treatment, mean serum DHT and T levels were not different among the three dose groups. The serum DHT levels increased gradually after gel application on the first day, reaching a plateau between 12–18 h. During the 14 days of daily application of DHT gel, the mean baseline DHT levels reached steady state by day 2 or 3 and were elevated considerably above baseline. Mean serum DHT levels varied between 8–11, 12–17, and 14–24 nmol/L in the 16-, 32-, and 64-mg groups, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) of serum DHT levels over 24 h on day 14 were 6.0-, 6.9-, and 16.1-fold above pretreatment levels for the three doses. Concomitant with the increase in serum DHT levels, the AUC produced by endogenous serum T levels decreased to 75, 56, and 36% of baseline after 14 days of 16, 32, and 64 mg/day DHT gel. Similar patterns of decreases in AUC of serum estradiol levels were found. The calculated mean total androgen levels (T + DHT) rose with DHT gel application in all groups (P < 0.0001) on both days 1 and 14. We conclude that the three doses of DHT gel tested might provide adequate androgen replacement in hypogonadal men at the low, middle, and high physiological androgen (T + DHT) range.

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