Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University

Root canal therapy (RCT) is a classical and effective treatment that is currently utilised in dental practice, offering high success rates for pulp and periapical diseases; however, teeth after RCT are susceptible to altered pulp defence and sensory function, even fractures, as a consequence of pulp loss. Furthermore, several studies have highlighted that the actual failure rate of standard root canal treatments performed in general practice is significantly higher than expected . Moreover, these treatments are lengthy and costly and are often subject to retreatment .Inherent in this procedure(rct) is loss of dental hard tissue and subsequent weakening of the treated tooth,making them more prone to fracture. Therefore, less invasive alternative strategies could be used to treat pulpitis, even when irreversible.
Murray et al. proposed the term "Regenerative endodontic treatment (RET)" in 2007, based on a tissue engineering concept (stem cells, biomimetic scaffolds, and bioactive growth factors). The 2016 American Association of Endodontists (AAE) guidelines formally defined RET as a collection of "biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged tooth structures, including dentine and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentine complex"

a randomized clinical trial to compare the effect of twice weekly versus daily iron therapy in treating anemia in children with cerebral palsy, to be conducted at Department of pediatric medicine children's hospital PIMS islamabad.

To determine the frequency of different vertebrospinal anomalies in patients with ARM