University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if nebulized colistin can prevent pneumonia in ventilated children. The main question it aims to answer is:
• Does nebulized colistin lower the number of times participants develop ventilation associated pneumonia? Researchers will compare nebulized colistin to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if nebulized colistin works to prevent ventilation associated pneumonia in children.
Participants will:
* Take nebulized Colistin or a placebo twice a day for 3 days.
* Will be followed to check for pneumonia occurrence while they are on mechanical ventilation.

Introduction: Improving postoperative pain management after spinal surgery is a significant challenge for surgeons and anesthesiologists. Pain following spinal surgery, can lead to significant morbidity, limit early mobility, and increase the risk of chronic pain. This trial examines the analgesic effects of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in wound infiltration after lumbar surgery.
Methods: In this study, we randomly assigned sixty patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy and/or osteosynthesis into two groups of 30 patients each. The control group (R-group) received only Ropivacaine (150 mg of Ropivacaine 7.5% (20 ml) added to 2 ml of normal saline in the wound infiltration), while the intervention group (RD-group) received Ropivacaine with the addition of dexamethasone (150 mg of Ropivacaine 7.5% (20 ml) added to 8 mg of dexamethasone in the wound infiltration). Both groups were administered patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine for self-medication.
Postoperatively, a blinded evaluator assessed pain at H0, recorded the assessment of surgical scar pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, as well as the time to the first opioid request, cumulative morphine consumption, opioid-related side effects, and length of stay. All patients were scheduled for a 3-month follow-up call to monitor chronic pain progression.

The management of kidneys with poor function less than 10% has been the subject of debate for more than a decade. Some authors have recommended nephrectomy while others favor renal salvage (pyeloplasty). the investigators reported their experience of lap assisted pyeloplasty in poorly functioning kidneys in the pediatric age group, concerning on the benefits of a minimally invasive method for repair of UPJO, in comparison with open approach.