This randomized trial uses the evidence-based Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA) adapted for tuberculosis (SAIA-TB) to assess the comprehensive tuberculosis (TB) care cascade across 16 clinics in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa to improve patient outcomes. The aims of this study are to:
Evaluate the effectiveness of SAIA-TB use in clinics on TB cascade outcomes for TB patients and with high-risk contacts
Determine the drivers of SAIA-TB implementation success or failure across clinics
The investigators hypothesize that SAIA-TB implementation will lead to a 20% increase in each of: TB screening, TB preventive treatment initiation, and TB disease treatment initiation during the 18-month intervention period.

开始日期2025-01-06

申办/合作机构

Boston College

[+4]

NCT05974371 / Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

A Basic Science Study on Episodic Memory Integration and Interference in Healthy Adults

The purpose of this study is to assess how emotional memories integrate and interfere with one another over time. We will be using a multi-session experimental paradigm consisting of two encoding sessions and one retrieval session. Participants will either complete these sessions online or in-person, with the latter collecting functional magnetic resonance imaging during the two encoding sessions.

开始日期2024-08-01

申办/合作机构

Boston College

NCT06440460 / Enrolling by invitationN/AIIT

Social and Biological Mechanisms Driving the Intergenerational Impact of War on Child Mental Health: Implications for Developing Family-Based Interventions

War-related violence is a leading driver of mental disorders and illness affecting children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Parents exposed early in life to war-related violence and loss are at risk for mental health problems and may pass risks to their offspring. The study posits that war-related trauma alters the stress-response circuitry in ways that endure into adulthood and affect the next generation. This will be the first investigation in a 20-year longitudinal study to examine mechanisms that link parental war-related trauma exposure and subsequent mental health problems to risk for mental disorders in offspring. This study will extend the first intergenerational study of war in Sub-Saharan Africa (R01HD073349) to focus on children (aged 7-24) born to war-affected parents. Assessments of behavioral and biological indicators of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-linked constructs of self-regulation and stress reactivity will be collected, including autonomic nervous system reactivity, inflammation, and telomere length as well as sophisticated observations of parent-child interactions and synchrony. These measures will be utilized to identify potentially modifiable risk and protective processes both to inform the development of screening tools to identify families at risk for poor child mental health and to be deployed as active ingredients of interventions to reduce transmission of mental health problems to children of war-affected parents.
This follow-up study involves the following activities:
1. Pilot to assess measure performance and field test study protocols.
1. Translation and adaptation of newly selected measures
2. Pilot study of new child and adult measures with 36 caregivers and 60 children in a district of Sierra Leone unlinked to participants to test the feasibility and validity of new tools.
2. Fifth wave of data collection from war-affected youth who are now parents and their children aged 7-24.
1. Household tracking and re-enrollment of 145 households that were formerly enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of War-Affected Youth (LSWAY; T1: 2002, T2: 2004, T3: 2008, T4: 2016).
2. Quantitative (full sample) and qualitative (subsample) data collection with 145 households who were enrolled in T4 LSWAY, including war-affected youth who are now parents, their intimate partners, and their children aged 7-24.
Through these activities, the investigators will test three overarching hypotheses:
1. Childhood war-related trauma exposure will be associated with mental difficulties (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, disruptions of emotion regulation).
2. Poor mental health in war-affected parents will be associated with emotional and behavioral disruptions in biological offspring.
3. Risk and protective factors across the social ecology may serve as intervention targets to mitigate the effects of parental war-related trauma on behavioral disruptions and stress physiology, both within and across generations.

开始日期2024-05-27

申办/合作机构

Boston College

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项与 Boston College 相关的文献（医药）

2024-12-31·Annals of medicine

Development and initial testing of mindful journey: a digital mindfulness-based intervention for promoting recovery from Substance use disorder

Article

作者: DeBenedictis, Andrew ; Barry, Declan ; Fucito, Lisa M. ; Bricker, Jonathan B. ; Kirouac, Megan ; John, Maya ; Kober, Hedy ; Witkiewitz, Katie ; Carroll, Kathleen M. ; Roos, Corey R. ; Bowen, Sarah ; Haeny, Angela M. ; Mun, Chung Jung ; Stein, Elena ; Frisbie, Jena ; Palmer, Robert ; Kiluk, Brian ; Sala, Margarita

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:

There is a great unmet need for accessible adjunctive interventions to promote long-term recovery from substance use disorder (SUD). This study aimed to iteratively develop and test the initial feasibility and acceptability of Mindful Journey, a novel digital mindfulness-based intervention for promoting recovery among individuals with SUD.

PATIENTS/MATERIALS:

Ten adults receiving outpatient treatment for SUD.

METHODS:

Phase 1 (n = 5) involved developing and testing a single introductory digital lesson. Phase 2 included a separate sample (n = 5) and involved testing all 15 digital lessons (each 30- to 45-minutes) over a 6-week period, while also receiving weekly brief phone coaching for motivational/technical support.

RESULTS:

Across both phases, quantitative ratings (rated on a 5-point scale) were all at or above a 4 (corresponding with 'agree') for key acceptability dimensions, such as usability, understandability, appeal of visual content, how engaging the content was, and helpfulness for recovery. Additionally, in both phases, qualitative feedback indicated that participants particularly appreciated the BOAT (Breath, Observe, Accept, Take a Moment) tool for breaking down mindfulness into steps. Qualitative feedback was used to iteratively refine the intervention. For example, based on feedback, we added a second core mindfulness tool, the SOAK (Stop, Observe, Appreciate, Keep Curious), and we added more example clients and group therapy videos. In Phase 2, 4 out of 5 participants completed all 15 lessons, providing initial evidence of feasibility. Participants reported that the phone coaching motivated them to use the app. The final version of Mindful Journey was a smartphone app with additional features, including brief on-the-go audio exercises and a library of mindfulness practices. Although, participants used these additional features infrequently.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on promising initial findings, future acceptability and feasibility testing in a larger sample is warranted. Future versions might include push notifications to facilitate engagement in the additional app features.

2024-12-01·Current Opinion in Anesthesiology

Beyond adverse events in anesthesiology: ‘unanticipated events’ and strategies for improved reporting

Review

作者: Vannucci, Andrea ; Wilde, Molly ; Brook, Karolina ; Agarwala, Aalok V.

Purpose of review:

Patient safety in anesthesiology has advanced significantly over the past several decades. The current process of improving care is often based on studying adverse events (AEs) and near misses. However, there is a wealth of information not captured by focusing solely on these events, potentially resulting in missed opportunities for care improvements.

Recent findings:

We review terms such as AEs and nonroutine events (NREs), and introduce the concept of unanticipated events (UEs), defined as events that deviate from intended care that may/may not have been caused by error, may/may not be preventable, and may/may not have caused injury to a patient. UEs incorporate AEs in addition to many other anesthetic events not routinely tracked, allowing for trend analysis over time and the identification of additional opportunities for quality improvement. We review both automated and self-reporting tools that currently exist to capture this often-neglected wealth of data. Finally, we discuss the responsibility of quality/safety leaders for data monitoring.

Summary:

Consistent reporting and monitoring for trends related to UEs could allow departments to identify risks and mitigate harm before it occurs. We review various proposed methods to expand data collection, and recommend anesthesia practices pursue UE tracking through department-specific reporting interfaces.

2024-12-01·Current Opinion in Psychology

Metamotivation: The regulation of motivation in self-control

Review

作者: Miele, David B. ; Scholer, Abigail A ; Fujita, Kentaro ; Scholer, Abigail A. ; Miele, David B

Psychological research on self-control-the forgoing of immediate rewards in favor of global goals-focuses largely on how people monitor and control their thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Comparatively less work has examined the regulation of motivational states. This is surprising given the motivational roots of self-control dilemmas: people desire an immediate reward on the one hand, but also recognize that this reward precludes the ability to attain higher-priority concerns on the other. We describe an emerging perspective that highlights the monitoring and control of one's motivational states; i.e., metamotivation. We distinguish this approach from similar approaches (e.g., cognitive control, emotion regulation) and review initial supporting empirical results. Studying metamotivation is essential if we are to gain a comprehensive understanding into the questions of who, when, and why people succeed or fail at self-control.

项与 Boston College 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-08-12

·Business Wire

Pulse Biosciences, Inc. Appoints Paul LaViolette to Its Board of Directors

MIAMI--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Pulse Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: PLSE) (the “Company” or “Pulse Biosciences”), a company leveraging its novel and proprietary Nanosecond Pulsed Field Ablation™ (nsPFA™) technology, today announced the appointment of Paul A. LaViolette to its Board of Directors. Mr. LaViolette has been appointed Co-Chairman of the Board alongside Co-Chairman Robert W. Duggan, serving as an independent director. “We are thrilled to have Paul join the Pulse Biosciences Board. His track record speaks for itself as he has been influential in the medical technology space for decades,” stated Pulse Biosciences’ Co-Chairman Robert W. Duggan. “He adds a wealth of relevant expertise to our Board based on his experience successfully scaling some of the largest global cardiology franchises through driving innovative technology adoption. We are excited to work with him and benefit from his valuable insights for the years to come.” Paul LaViolette has significant experience as a large-scale operator at healthcare corporations, as well as an advisor to a diverse group of innovative medical technology startups as a venture investor and board member. He is currently Managing Partner at SV Health Investors, investing in portfolio companies for its Medtech Convergence Fund. Before his investing career, he served in various executive capacities at Boston Scientific Corporation for 15 years, including as Chief Operating Officer; Group President, Cardiovascular; President, Cardiology; Group President, Endosurgery; and President, International. Prior to Boston Scientific, he also held general management and commercial leadership positions at CR Bard and various marketing roles at Kendall (Medtronic). Mr. LaViolette has experience in both chairman and director capacities for numerous private and public medical technology companies. He is currently a director for Edwards Lifesciences, Chairman of the Innovation Advisory Board at Mass General Brigham, and is a director or Chairman on multiple private medical device company boards. Mr. LaViolette received his bachelor’s degree in psychology from Fairfield University and his Master of Business Administration from Boston College. “I am honored to join the Board at Pulse Biosciences. The Company’s highly differentiated and proprietary technology, and potential to advance the clinical standard of care across numerous therapeutic categories, represents a truly unique opportunity. I am thrilled to be involved with this next-generation energy source and to help the management team methodically develop the most valuable therapeutic treatments to maximize its potential for patients. I am excited to help the team build transformational treatments for unmet patient needs,” said Paul LaViolette, incoming Co-Chairman of Pulse Biosciences’ Board of Directors. About Pulse Biosciences ® Pulse Biosciences is a novel bioelectric medicine company committed to health innovation that has the potential to improve the quality of life for patients. The Company’s proprietary CellFX® nsPFA™ technology delivers nanosecond pulses of electrical energy to non-thermally clear cells while sparing adjacent noncellular tissue. The Company is actively pursuing the development of its CellFX nsPFA technology for use in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and in a select few other markets where it could have a profound positive impact on healthcare for both patients and providers. Pulse Biosciences is now headquartered in Miami, Florida and maintains its office in Hayward, California. Pulse Biosciences, CellFX, Nano-Pulse Stimulation, NPS, nsPFA, CellFX nsPFA and the stylized logos are among the trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Pulse Biosciences, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

高管变更

2024-08-08

·drugs

HbA1c Stability Tied to Lower Risk for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias

THURSDAY, Aug. 8, 2024 -- Increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) stability within patient-specific target ranges is associated with a lower risk for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), according to a study published online Aug. 2 in JAMA Network Open . Patricia C. Underwood, Ph.D., from the William F. Connell School of Nursing at Boston College, and colleagues examined the association between HbA1c time in range (TIR) and the incidence of ADRD in older veterans with diabetes . The analysis included 374,021 veterans with diabetes identified from administrative health care data (2005 to 2014) and followed for up to 10 years. The researchers found that lower HbA1c TIR was associated with an increased risk for incident ADRD (HbA1c TIR of 0 to <20 percent versus ≥80 percent: hazard ratio, 1.193). The direction of out-of-range HbA1c levels was also associated with incident ADRD. Having greater time below range was associated with a significantly increased risk (hazard ratio, 1.23). When excluding individuals with baseline use of medications associated with hypoglycemia risk (e.g., insulin and sulfonylureas) or hypoglycemia events, findings remained significant. "These results affirm the benefits of applying personalized HbA1c target ranges based on age, life expectancy, and comorbidities," the authors write. "Clinicians should work with patients to ensure HbA1c stability to reduce ADRD risk in older adults with diabetes." Abstract/Full Text Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

临床结果

2024-07-01

·PRNewswire

The Inner Circle acknowledges, Taryn E. LeRoy, MD as a Pinnacle Lifetime Member

BOSTON, July 1, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Prominently featured in The Inner Circle, Taryn E. LeRoy, MD is acknowledged as a Pinnacle Lifetime Member for her contributions in Orthopedic Care. Dr. Taryn E. LeRoy stands as a cornerstone in the field of orthopedic surgery, specializing in spine surgery and dedicated to enhancing the lives of her patients. With a wealth of knowledge and experience, she leads the way in providing exceptional care and innovative solutions. Continue Reading Taryn LeRoy Dr. LeRoy earned her Bachelor's degree from Boston College, laying the foundation for her future endeavors in medicine. She went on to achieve her MD from Tufts University School of Medicine, where she honed her skills and developed a passion for orthopedic surgery. Following her residency at Tufts University, she pursued further specialization through a prestigious fellowship at Washington University in St. Louis, solidifying her expertise in spine surgery. Throughout her career, Dr. LeRoy has been actively involved in professional organizations such as the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), the Scoliosis Research Society, and the New England Orthopedic Society. Her dedication to advancing orthopedic care extends beyond the operating room, as she actively participates in local and community initiatives to promote health and wellness. Dr. LeRoy's commitment to excellence is evident in her successful practice, where she has built a reputation for precision, compassion, and patient-centered care. She takes pride in her ability to transform lives through innovative surgical techniques and personalized treatment plans. Outside of her medical practice, Dr. LeRoy enjoys dining out and traveling, finding balance and inspiration in exploring new cultures and cuisines. She attributes her success to the unwavering support of her parents, Linda and Peter, and honors the memory of her grandfathers, John Shaughnessy and John LeRoy, who continue to inspire her dedication to her profession. As she looks to the future, Dr. LeRoy remains committed to building upon her success and furthering advancements in orthopedic care. With her steadfast dedication and passion for improving patient outcomes, she continues to shape the future of spine surgery and orthopedics. Contact: Katherine Green, 516-825-5634, [email protected] SOURCE The Inner Circle