1区 · 医学
Article
作者: Folsi, Veronica ; Mastronuzzi, Angela ; Iaffaldano, Laura ; Del Bufalo, Francesca ; Bonetti, Federico ; Abbas, Rachid ; Li Pira, Giuseppina ; Pagliara, Daria ; Galaverna, Federica ; Quintarelli, Concetta ; Bugianesi, Rossana ; Caruana, Ignazio ; Locatelli, Franco ; Di Cecca, Stefano ; Gunetti, Monica ; De Angelis, Biagio ; Sinibaldi, Matilde ; Colafati, Giovanna S ; De Ioris, Maria A ; Perruccio, Katia ; Rabusin, Marco ; Macchia, Stefania ; Merli, Pietro ; Abbaszadeh, Zeinab ; Cefalo, Maria G ; Del Baldo, Giada ; Garganese, Maria C ; Serra, Annalisa ; Bertaina, Valentina ; Amicucci, Matteo ; Iacovelli, Stefano ; Leone, Giovanna ; Algeri, Mattia ; Guercio, Marika ; Villani, Maria F
BACKGROUND:Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells that target the disialoganglioside GD2 expressed on tumor cells may be a therapeutic option for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
METHODS:In an academic, phase 1-2 clinical trial, we enrolled patients (1 to 25 years of age) with relapsed or refractory, high-risk neuroblastoma in order to test autologous, third-generation GD2-CAR T cells expressing the inducible caspase 9 suicide gene (GD2-CART01).
RESULTS:A total of 27 children with heavily pretreated neuroblastoma (12 with refractory disease, 14 with relapsed disease, and 1 with a complete response at the end of first-line therapy) were enrolled and received GD2-CART01. No failure to generate GD2-CART01 was observed. Three dose levels were tested (3-, 6-, and 10×106 CAR-positive T cells per kilogram of body weight) in the phase 1 portion of the trial, and no dose-limiting toxic effects were recorded; the recommended dose for the phase 2 portion of the trial was 10×106 CAR-positive T cells per kilogram. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 20 of 27 patients (74%) and was mild in 19 of 20 (95%). In 1 patient, the suicide gene was activated, with rapid elimination of GD2-CART01. GD2-targeted CAR T cells expanded in vivo and were detectable in peripheral blood in 26 of 27 patients up to 30 months after infusion (median persistence, 3 months; range, 1 to 30). Seventeen children had a response to the treatment (overall response, 63%); 9 patients had a complete response, and 8 had a partial response. Among the patients who received the recommended dose, the 3-year overall survival and event-free survival were 60% and 36%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:The use of GD2-CART01 was feasible and safe in treating high-risk neuroblastoma. Treatment-related toxic effects developed, and the activation of the suicide gene controlled side effects. GD2-CART01 may have a sustained antitumor effect. (Funded by the Italian Medicines Agency and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03373097.).