Neublastin

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disease that is both chronic and progressive and is characterized by glycolysis. However, glycolysis's function and its clinical significance in IPF are still not well understood. We accessed the Gene Expression Omnibus database to retrieve mRNA expression information for lung tissue and other samples. We identified genes associated with glycolysis that had differential expression levels between IPF and controls. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis to systematically examine the glycolysis-associated genes with differential expression and subsequently investigated the possible prognostic significance of these genes. Additionally, the expression profiles of the associated prognostic genes were further investigated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in our cohort. In this investigation, we found that the expression of 16 genes involved in glycolysis was differentially expressed. Among them, 12 were upregulated and 4 were downregulated. We found that 3 glycolysis-related genes (stanniocalcin 2, transketolase like 1, artemin) might serve as hub genes for anticipating patient prognosis. The data from these genes were used to generate the prognostic models. The findings confirmed that high-risk IPF patients recorded a shorter overall survival relative to low-risk patients. This prognostic model yielded 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of 0.666, 0.651, and 0.717, correspondingly, based on the area under the curve of the survival-dependent receiver operating characteristic. The GSE27957 and GSE70866 cohorts validated these findings, indicating the model has a good predictive performance. All 3 glycolysis-associated genes were validated to be expressed in our cohort. Finally, we used mRNA levels from 3 genes to produce a nomogram to quantitatively predict the prognosis of IPF individuals. As possible indicators for the prognosis of IPF, the glycolysis-related genes stanniocalcin 2, transketolase like 1, and artemin were shown to be promising candidate markers.

To evaluate the effect of adding wollastonite and bioactive glass to an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate-like cement (MTA) on the dimensional stability, compressive strength, solubility, bioactivity, and marginal adaptation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Four groups were evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days: MTA Angelus, experimental MTA-like cement (MTA Exp), BG10 (MTA Exp+10 wt% bioactive glass), and WO20 (MTA Exp+20 wt% wollastonite). To evaluate marginal adaptation, extracted teeth were endodontically obturated and root-end cavities were prepared and filled with the tested materials.

Cements with bioactive materials showed minimal dimensional changes. Adding wollastonite or bioactive glass to MTA Exp reduces the compressive strength but does not affect solubility. Bismite (Bi₂O₃), larnite (Ca₂SiO₄), calcite (CaCO₃) and carbonated hydroxyapatite (Ca₅[PO₄,CO₃]₃[OH]) were identified in the four cements; ettringite (Ca₆Al₂[SO₄]₃[OH]₁₂·26H₂O) and bismutite ([BiO]₂CO₃) were only observed in MTA Exp, BG10, and WO20. Cement-dentin interfaces were not observed after 14 days on the BG10 and WO20 cement composites due to the ettringite formation.

Acicular growing crystals typical of hydroxyapatite were found on the surfaces of all cements. An improved marginal adaptation was observed with the addition of wollastonite or bioactive glass.