A polemic in response to Liu et al., 2024 (Brain Behav. Immun. 119, 648-664)is given.Liu et al. described potential role of BGP-15 as a neuroprotective agent in enhancing mitophagy and suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome offers fresh perspective for the treatment of depression.The author after a thorough anal. of the study raised few queries and suggestions as follows:.While the paper mentions that BGP-15 acts through the PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway, the specific mol. mechanisms by which BGP-15 influences this pathway are not elaborated. Could future research provide more details on the interaction between BGP-15 and proteins involved in mitophagy.Given that BGP-15 has shown good tolerability in other clin. trials, have the authors considered applying it to clin. studies involving patients with depression The outcomes of such studies could significantly impact clin. practice.The study utilized male mice, but it is well-documented that gender differences exist in the prevalence and presentation of depression. Will future studies consider including female mice to assess the impact of gender on the effects of BGP-15.Besides mitophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome mentioned in the paper, are there other biomarkers or pathways that might be associated with the antidepressant effects of BGP-15.Author impressed by the depth and quality of this research and look forward to the authors' perspectives on the above issues and believe that further research and discussion will enable us to fully understand the potential of BGP-15 in the treatment of depression.