作者: Wang, Xin ; Islam, Khondokar Nowshin ; Keller, Madeleine R ; Sen, Abhishek K ; Jones, J Andrew ; Guagliardo, Felicia G ; Hellwarth, Elle B ; Gibbons, William J ; Meers, Chance ; Kaplan, Nicholas A ; McKinney, Madeline G ; Kemmerly, Grace E

Psilocybin, the prodrug to the psychoactive compound in 'magic' mushrooms, is currently being studied in clinical trials as a treatment for severe mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety. Previous reports of psilocybin biosynthesis as reconstituted in E. coli reported maximum titers of 1.16 g/L, exclusively using genes from the most common recreationally used mushroom, Psilocybe cubensis. This study explores the effect of gene species variation on psilocybin and baeocystin production using various exogenous genes sourced from psilocybin-producing mushrooms Psilocybe cubensis, Psilocybe cyanescens, Panaeolus cyanescens, and Gymnopilus dilepis. The psiD and psiK genes sourced from P. cubensis demonstrated unequivocally superior performance, while psiM showed varied production levels of psilocybin and the pathway intermediate baeocystin with changes in gene source. Strains containing a psiM gene sourced from Psilocybe cyanescens demonstrated a higher degree of baeocystin selectivity as compared to other psiM genes, demonstrating a key difference between species. Most notably, the strain Gymdi30, containing psiM sourced from G. dilepis, achieved a psilocybin titer of 1.46 ± 0.13 g/L, the highest reported to date. Comparative proteomic analysis of Gymdi30 during periods of high and low productivity was also performed to investigate bottlenecks in cellular metabolism, which could be limiting strain performance. This work represents a significant improvement in psilocybin biosynthesis, a key step towards the development of a biosynthetic manufacturing route for psilocybin.

2025-09-01·CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY

Biochemical Insights into Diverse Psilocybe Mushrooms and Their Metabolites as Sources of Neuroactive Agents: A Review

Review

作者: Valan Arasu, M ; Chakraborty, Shreya ; Kumar, Ashok ; Bharti, S Ankit Kumar ; Namasivayam, S Karthick Raja ; Sudhakaran, Gokul ; Csaba, Vágvölgyi ; Arockiaraj, Jesu

Psilocybe species, commonly known as "magic mushrooms", are a group of hallucinogenic fungi known for their psychoactive compounds such as psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin. These species have been the focus of scientific study due to their potential therapeutic applications, despite their classification as controlled substances in many jurisdictions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various Psilocybe mushrooms, highlighting their chemical compositions, genetic diversity, and therapeutic potential, particularly in the treatment of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, addiction, and cluster headaches. By reviewing existing scientific literature, this review examines the pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications of Psilocybe mushrooms. The review includes novel contributions such as the identification of alternative pathways for psilocybin synthesis and taxonomic consolidations among Psilocybe species. It also explores the cultural context and traditional uses of these mushrooms. The findings indicate that Psilocybe mushrooms exhibit significant potential for therapeutic use in mental health treatment. The review also underscores the importance of ongoing research into the pharmacological properties of these mushrooms to better understand their effects and potential benefits. Despite their current legal status, Psilocybe mushrooms hold considerable promise for future therapeutic applications. There is a need for further investigation to fully explore their potential in medical and cultural contexts. This review sets a foundation for future research and drug development endeavors, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of these complex biological entities.

2025-07-01·PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

Behavioural and pharmacological evaluation of the psilocybin analogue baeocystin in Wistar rats

Article

作者: Danda, Hynek ; Mazoch, Vladimír ; Šíchová, Klára ; Jurásek, Bronislav ; Syrová, Kateřina ; Páleníček, Tomáš ; Mazochová, Kristýna ; Jurok, Radek ; Cihlářová, Petra ; Olejníková-Ladislavová, Lucie ; Kuchař, Martin

Baeocystin is a naturally occurring tryptamine-based compound found in various psychoactive mushrooms, including in several species of Psilocybe genus. Due to its structural similarity to psilocybin, which has shown a therapeutic potential in treatment of psychiatric disorders, there is a growing interest in investigating whether baeocystin exhibits comparable effects. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profile and acute behavioural effects of baeocystin in Wistar rats. Behavioural assessments including locomotor activity and its spatial characteristics (in the open field test) and sensorimotor gating measured by prepulse inhibition were evaluated after subcutaneous administration of 1.25 or 5 mg/kg baeocystin. Pharmacokinetics and brain-serum ratios were analysed after the 5 mg/kg sc. dose. Pharmacokinetics demonstrated that both baeocystin and its metabolite, norpsilocin, have a very limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Consistent with the pharmacokinetic profile, baeocystin had no significant effects on locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour, anxiety-like responses, or sensorimotor gating at doses of either 1.25 or 5 mg/kg. In conclusion, our results suggest that baeocystin has minimal to no behavioural effects in rats, probably due to its poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier. This limited penetration may account for its negligible neurobiological and psychedelic activity.

项与 Baeocystin(Pilz Bioscience) 相关的新闻（医药）

2022-06-16

·BioSpace

Nova Mentis Files Patent on Diagnosing, Monitoring and Treating Neurological Diseases with Psychoactive Tryptamine Derivatives

mRNA Diagnostic Index to Measure Drug Treatment Response Vancouver, British Columbia--(News - June 16, 2022) - Nova Mentis Life Science Corp. (CSE: NOVA) (FSE: HN3Q) (OTCQB: NMLSF) ("NOVA" or the "Company"), a biotechnology company and global leader in first-in-class psilocybin-based therapeutics and complementary diagnostics for neuroinflammatory disorders is pleased to announce it is bolstering its IP with the filing of provisional patent applications to protect data it obtained during its psilocybin preclinical studies and provide protection for the Company's therapeutic paradigm for treating neuroinflammatory disorders with psilocybin and psilocybin-based tryptamine derivatives. "The filing of these patent applications represent a major milestone in NOVA's psilocybin research program," stated Dr. Marvin S. Hausman MD, Chairman of NOVA's Scientific Advisory Board. "The Company is now in a position to reveal the breakthrough preclinical psilocybin results uncovered in its treatment of fragile X syndrome (FXS). Oral repetitive doses of microdose psilocybin showed a more robust improvement in memory than the same doses given by injection. Metabolic changes of psilocybin within the small intestine and perhaps the microbiome may represent a new paradigm in the application of psilocybin to the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The data is scheduled to be published in a peer reviewed journal and presented at the upcoming 18th NFXF International Fragile X Conference in July 2022." The provisional patent applications filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office relates to diagnosis, monitoring and treating neuroinflammatory diseases and conditions with psychoactive tryptamine derivatives. NOVA's psilocybin formulation was evaluated in two distinct rat models of autism in the laboratory of Dr. Viviana Trezza, Rome, Italy, and demonstrated psilocybin proof of efficacy and safety. In February 2022, the Company announced it had successfully completed a preclinical study that confirmed oral microdose psilocybin as a potential treatment option for ASD and FXS. The research found that a repeated low dose of NOVA's proprietary psilocybin drug (NM-1001) significantly modulated behavioural and cognitive defects, such as recognition memory, in a genetic model of FXS. Neuroinflammatory conditions - especially those that have the added complexity of disrupted emotional states and behaviours - are still difficult to diagnose accurately and treat effectively. NOVA's research program is designed to generate clinical biomarker data that characterize aberrant gene expression and cellular communication in neurological disease or injury and provide insights into possible interventions and disease monitoring. The ability to penetrate the unique genetic language underlying the development of chronic diseases and assess therapeutic responses will assist NOVA in obtaining psychedelic drug approval with the regulatory agencies. In July 2021, NOVA filed a U.S. provisional patent application for a proprietary manufacturing process for the production of psilocybin and tryptamine analogues, baeocystin and aeruginascin. In May and November 2021, the Company filed US provisional patent applications describing a diagnostic/therapeutic combination of mRNA molecules that encode proteins involved in the development of neurogenerative diseases, FXS and ASD. About Nova Mentis Life Science Corp. Nova Mentis Life Science Corp. is a Canadian-based biotechnology company and global leader in developing diagnostics and psilocybin-based therapeutics for neuroinflammatory disorders. Nova is the first biotech company to achieve orphan drug designation in both the United States and European Union for the use of psilocybin in the treatment of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Our goal is to diagnose and treat debilitating chronic conditions that have unmet medical needs, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and FXS. For further information on the Company, please visit or email info@novamentis.ca. On Behalf of the Board Will Rascan, President & CEO Nova Mentis Life Science Corp. Phone: 778-819-0244 Toll Free: 1-833-542-5323 Twitter: @novamentislsc Instagram: @novamentislsc Facebook: @novamentislsc Neither the Canadian Securities Exchange nor its Market Regulator (as that term is defined in the policies of the Canadian Securities Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. This news release contains statements that constitute "forward-looking statements." Such forward looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause Nova Mentis Life Science's actual results, performance or achievements, or developments in the industry to differ materially from the anticipated results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements are statements that are not historical facts and are generally, but not always, identified by the words "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "intends," "estimates," "projects," "potential" and similar expressions, or that events or conditions "will," "would," "may," "could" or "should" occur. To view the source version of this press release, please visit

孤儿药First in Class信使RNA

100 项与 Baeocystin(Pilz Bioscience) 相关的药物交易

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