The in vitro susceptibilities of 130 Xanthomonas maltophilia isolates to 12 antibiotics--trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, minocycline, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and the investigational quinolones PD 117558, PD 117596, PD 127391, and sparfloxacin--were determined by a microtiter broth dilution technique. Other than the investigational quinolones, the most active antibiotics were minocycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ticarcillin-clavulanate, in order. However, the first two were not bactericidal, while about half of the isolates exhibited intermediate susceptibility to ticarcillin-clavulanate. Patterns of susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin relative to the years of isolation of these strains reflected the development of resistance to the antibiotic prophylaxis practices in the hospital. We recommend that a combination of antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, minocycline, and ticarcillin-clavulanate, at or close to the maximum tolerated doses be in the treatment of serious X. maltophilia infections.

1994-01-01·Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2区 · 医学

In vitro susceptibilities of rapidly growing mycobacteria to newer antimicrobial agents

2区 · 医学

Article

作者: Rolston, K ; Nguyen, H ; Bodey, G P ; Khardori, N ; Rosenbaum, B

The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of 42 isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. chelonae, and Mycobacterium species [other than M. fortuitum and M. chelonae]) to nine quinolones, including newer agents, two new aminoglycosides, and an aminocyclitol (trospectomycin) were determined by a broth microdilution method. The new quinolones, PD 117596, PD 127391, and PD 117558, showed excellent in vitro activities against M. fortuitum (MICs for 90% of isolates [MIC90s], 0.06, 0.06, and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively). The MIC90 of ciprofloxacin for M. fortuitum was 0.5 microgram/ml. Only 14 to 28% of isolates of M. chelonae were susceptible to various quinolones. Most isolates of all three species were susceptible to the new aminoglycosides SCH 21420 and SCH 22591. The MIC90s of trospectomycin were 8 micrograms/ml for M. chelonae, 32 micrograms/ml for Mycobacterium species, and > 64 micrograms/ml for M. fortuitum.

1993-12-01·Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2区 · 医学

In vitro activities of free and liposomal drugs against Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex and M. tuberculosis

2区 · 医学

Article

作者: Keyhani, A ; Rolston, K V ; Tarrand, J J ; McQueen, T J ; Rosenbaum, B ; Mehta, R T

We compared MICs and MBCs of various free- and liposome-incorporated antimicrobial agents against several patient isolates of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex and certain American Type Culture Collection strains of M. avium, M. intracellulare, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Seven of 19 agents were selected for incorporation into liposomes. The MICs of these agents for 50 and 90% of isolates tested (MIC50s and MIC90s, respectively) ranged from 0.5 to 62 micrograms/ml. Members of the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex were resistant to killing by most of the other agents tested in the free form. However, clofazimine, resorcinomycin A, and PD 117558 showed complete killing of bacteria at concentrations ranging from 8 to 31 micrograms/ml, represented as MBC90s. Among the liposome-incorporated agents, clofazimine and resorcinomycin A had the highest killing effects (MBC90s, 8 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively). Furthermore, both free and liposome-incorporated clofazimine had equivalent growth-inhibitory and killing effects on all American Type Culture Collection strains of M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. tuberculosis tested. These results show that the antibacterial activities of certain drugs, particularly those of clofazimine and resorcinomycin, were maintained after the drugs were incorporated into liposomes.

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