作者: Pamela Jackson ; Charles Noble ; Michael F. Wendland ; Mitchel S. Berger ; Daryl C. Drummond ; John W. Park ; Michal T. Krauze ; Krystof S. Bankiewicz ; Tracy R. McKnight ; John R. Bringas ; Dimitri B. Kirpotin ; Keelung Hong ; Christoph Mamot ; Ryuta Saito

Drug delivery to brain tumors has long posed a major challenge. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been developed as a drug delivery strategy to overcome this difficulty. Ideally, direct visualization of the tissue distribution of drugs infused by CED would assure successful delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain tumor while minimizing exposure of the normal brain. We previously developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based method to visualize the distribution of liposomal agents after CED in rodent brains. In the present study, CED of liposomes was further examined in the non-human primate brain (n = 6). Liposomes containing Gadoteridol, DiI-DS, and rhodamine were infused in corona radiata, putamen nucleus, and brain stem. Volume of distribution was analyzed for all delivery locations by histology and MR imaging. Real-time MRI monitoring of liposomes containing gadolinium allowed direct visualization of a robust distribution. MRI of liposomal gadolinium was highly accurate at determining tissue distribution, as confirmed by comparison with histological results from concomitant administration of fluorescent liposomes. Linear correlation for liposomal infusions between infusion volume and distribution volume was established in all targeted locations. We conclude that an integrated strategy combining liposome/nanoparticle technology, CED, and MRI may provide new opportunities for the treatment of brain tumors. Our ability to directly monitor and to control local delivery of liposomal drugs will most likely result in greater clinical efficacy when using CED in management of patients.

1992-02-01·Parasitology3区 · 医学

Estimation of relative fecundity inEimeria tenellastrains by a mixed infection method

3区 · 医学

Article

作者: T. Nakamura ; J. Imose ; H. Kawaguchi ; T. Konishi

SUMMARYThe relative fecundity of populations ofEimeria tenellawas estimated by means of mixed infection using electrophoretic variation of glucose-phosphate isomerases (GPIs) as a genetic marker. A decoquinate-resistant strain with GPI-9 isozyme (DR-NIAH), a decoquinate-sensitive one with GPI-1 (DS-Iwate), and three decoquinate-resistant lines (No. 3, 4, and 5) derived from cross-fertilization between DR-NIAH and DS-Iwate, were used. The GPI phenotypes of the No. 3 and No. 4 lines are GPI-9, and that of No. 5 is GPI-1. Mixed infection experiments were performed between DR-NIAH and DS-Iwate, No. 3 and No. 5, and No. 4 and No. 5. DR-NIAH was predominant over DS-Iwate in the mixed infection, whereas, in single infections, the total oocyst output of DR-NIAH was similar to or less than that of DS-Iwate. Among three lines, No. 4 was predominant over No. 5, and No. 5 was predominant over No. 3 in the mixed infection. Relative fecundity between No. 3 and No. 5 and their patterns of oocyst output in single infections were similar to those in the mixed infection. In contrast, No. 5 produced more oocysts than No. 4 in single infections, suggesting that the oocyst production in the mixed infection may be influenced by the mutual interference or competition between the populations ofE. tenellain the chicken caeca.

1978-12-01·Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India

Endocrinal and target organ changes caused by injection of small doses of progestogens.

Article

作者: Philips, F S ; Prema, K

100 项与戊酸雌二醇/庚酸睾酮相关的药物交易

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	G03EA02	-

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
卵巢功能不全	日本	Fuji Pharma Co., Ltd.	2008-02-28
更年期	日本	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	1980-03-24
骨质疏松症	日本	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	1980-03-24
卵巢疾病	日本	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	1980-03-24