CM512

01  TSLP靶点介绍胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素（Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, TSLP）是一种四α-螺旋的I型细胞因子，最早是在胸腺基质细胞的上清液中检测到，发现TSLP能够支持B细胞的长期生长，并促进CD3抗体刺激的未分选胸腺细胞的增殖。TSLP是2型免疫应答的关键介质和TH2细胞介导疾病的启动子，包括哮喘和特应性皮炎。更多研究表明，TSLP有多种生理功能，能够作用于多种免疫细胞并影响这些细胞的成熟、存活和募集，包括树突状细胞（DC）、T细胞、B细胞、中性粒细胞、肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和先天性淋巴细胞（ILCs）等，并参与多种疾病和宿主反应，包括过敏性疾病、宿主防御、癌症和慢性炎症性疾病。TSLP和IL-7是同源物，通过共享的IL-7受体α链（IL-7Rα）及TSLP受体（TSLPR）转导信号。IL-7与IL-7Rα结合更强，而TSLP与TSLPR的结合更强，这可能类似于另一组细胞因子，IL-4和IL-13，它们共享IL-4Rα受体，但IL-4主要与IL-4Rα结合，IL-13主要与IL-13Rα1结合。TSLP和IL-7都有一些与淋巴细胞发育相关的功能，但它们也有其独特的功能，IL-7主要参与T细胞的发育和稳态，而TSLP在过敏性疾病中起作用，并对T细胞、B细胞和其他细胞有广泛的作用。  02  TSLP的表达和来源在稳态和炎症状态下，肺、皮肤和胃肠道中的上皮细胞和基质细胞是TSLP产生的主要来源，树突状细胞、嗜碱性细胞和肥大细胞在刺激后也会产生TSLP。TSLP也由毛囊产生，且与IL-7共同促进ILCs在皮肤内的持久性，ILCs可通过调控皮脂腺功能来调节皮肤微生物群。上皮细胞产生TSLP可由多种刺激因子诱导，包括机械损伤、Toll样受体3（TLR3）/TLR2/NOD2配体、蠕虫感染、促炎细胞因子和蛋白酶（包括胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶）。感染病毒后，肺部也会产生TSLP，如呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、鼻病毒（RhV）、流感病毒和淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒。TSLP作为一种警报蛋白，从细胞中迅速释放，进一步激发外源性和内源性危险信号，促进炎症。TSLP的产生受TH2型促炎细胞因子IL-4和IL-13以及TNF、IL-1β和IL-25的正调控，TNF与TH2型细胞因子协同增加TSLP的产生，而IFNγ和IL-17抑制TSLP的释放。β2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂和糖皮质激素也能抑制TSLP的释放，并协同抑制Poly(I:C)诱导的TSLP的释放。人类TSLP包括长型（lfTSLP，也被称为TSLP）和短型（sfTSLP）两种同源异构体，sfTSLP总共有63个氨基酸，而lfTSLP有159个氨基酸。sfTSLP的转录从内含子2的启动子开始，因此在氨基端被截断，但与lfTSLP具有相同的羧基端。sfTSLP mRNA在角质形成细胞、上皮细胞和肺成纤维细胞中组成性表达，并且不受炎症的上调，而lfTSLP则由TLR配体诱导，包括鞭毛蛋白和TNF。sfTSLP和lfTSLP具有不同的调控作用，sfTSLP具有抗菌或抗炎功能，而lfTSLP具有促炎作用。TSLP的诱导因子、来源和靶细胞[1]  03  TSLP诱导的信号转导TSLP通过一个异二聚体受体（由TSLPR和IL-7Rα组成）发出信号，该异二聚体在TSLP靶细胞如DC、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞、嗜碱性细胞和T细胞以及上皮细胞和神经元上表达。TSLP激活JAK1（通过IL-7Rα）和JAK2（通过TSLPR），随后JAK1和JAK2激活STAT5A和STAT5B，促进靶基因的转录，最终驱动IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13的产生以及促炎作用。与lfTSLP不同的是，目前尚不清楚sfTSLP是通过与TSLPR和IL-7Rα的结合发出信号，还是考虑到其截短的形式，可能具有替代的信号传导机制。TSLP诱导的信号转导机制[1]  04  TSLP与过敏性疾病TSLP在过敏性疾病的发展中起重要作用，包括哮喘、特应性皮炎等。如下图所示，TSLP的产生受上皮细胞暴露于过敏原、微生物和化学物质的刺激，TSLP促进和扩增TH2型免疫反应，通过适应性和先天免疫机制增强对抗原或过敏原的免疫反应，导致过敏性疾病的发生和/或进展。研究发现，TSLP通过作用于DC促进过敏反应和诱导表达OX40L、CD80和CD86，从而促进naive CD4+ T细胞分化为促炎TH2细胞产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-13和TNF。TSLP激活的DC还能刺激naive CD4+ T细胞分化为T滤泡辅助(Tfh)细胞（通过表达CXCR5、IL-21、CXCL13和BCL6），并通过记忆B细胞诱导IgG和IgE分泌。TSLP还促进嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞和巨噬细胞释放TH2细胞因子和趋化因子。TSLP在过敏性疾病的作用机制[1]特应性皮炎（Atopic dermatitis, AD）是一种多因素致病的异质性疾病，包括遗传易感性、环境和免疫因素。遗传学研究表明，TSLP的遗传变异影响AD的严重程度和持久性。TSLP在人AD病变中高表达，其在小鼠皮肤中的过度表达导致AD样疾病。TSLP启动子特定区域的DNA去甲基化增加了AD患者皮肤病变中TSLP的表达，并减少了聚丝蛋白（filaggrin）的表达，聚丝蛋白是一种功能丧失突变与表皮屏障缺陷和更严重的AD相关的蛋白质。哮喘的患病率因种族而异，35-80%的哮喘可能是由遗传变异引起的，儿童期发作的哮喘与TSLP SNP rs1837253相关。在小鼠模型中，肺中TSLP的过度表达导致严重的气道炎症和气道高反应性（AHR）。此外，哮喘患者，特别是严重哮喘患者，气道中TSLP和TH2细胞因子水平升高，TSLP水平可预测哮喘的恶化。轻度特应性哮喘患者的活检切片显示，过敏原攻击增加了支气管上皮和粘膜下层的IL-25、IL-33和TSLP水平，这些细胞因子的水平与气道阻塞的程度相关。此外，嗜酸性哮喘患者中IL-4水平升高，不仅通过减少聚丝蛋白和粘附分子（包括E-cadherin）的表达增加气道上皮细胞的通透性，且IL-33和TSLP水平升高，进一步增强了TH2炎症反应。  05  TSLP与慢性炎症性疾病越来越多的证据表明，TSLP在慢性炎症和自身免疫性疾病中具有独立于TH2细胞的作用，突出了其在TH2型免疫反应之外的作用。这些发现表明，TSLP可能在更广泛的疾病中发挥作用，如慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）等。COPD通常与TH1细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞相关，而哮喘主要与TH2细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和/或肥大细胞相关。尽管COPD是一种主要的TH1相关疾病，但研究发现，与对照组相比，COPD支气管上皮中TSLP mRNA和蛋白水平升高。已知加重COPD的因素，包括呼吸道病毒、dsRNA、香烟烟雾凝集物、及激活NF-kB的促炎细胞因子，能够刺激COPD患者TSLP的产生，提示TSLP参与COPD的发展和/或恶化，因此TSLP可以影响TH2相关性哮喘以外的肺部病理生理。此外，特发性肺纤维化（IPF）患者的肺中TSLP和TSLPR过表达，且IPF患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液和血清中TSLP升高。在接受抗纤维化治疗的患者肺部观察到TSLP水平的下降，而在疾病进展的患者中则没有下降，表明TSLP可能促进对IPF中促纤维化2型免疫反应。然而，还需要更多的研究来充分了解TSLP在IPF的病因和进展中的作用。  06  靶向TSLP的药物研发进展截至2025年3月，已有抗TSLP单抗Tezepelumab获批上市，用于哮喘的治疗，其更多适应症也在临床研究中。此外，还有多个抗TSLP单抗在临床研究中，用于过敏性疾病和炎症性疾病的治疗，包括恒瑞医药、博奥信/正大天晴、康诺亚/石药集团等企业的临床在研TSLP单抗等。除了抗TSLP单抗药物外，一些TSLP相关双抗和多抗药物的研究也受到了关注：辉瑞的TSLP/IL-13/IL-4三特异性抗体PF-07275315，于2022年6月进入临床开发阶段，目前正在开展针对特应性皮炎的临床2期研究。赛诺菲的TSLP/IL-13双特异性抗体SAR443765，临床2期在研，用于哮喘、慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉、特应性皮炎的治疗。国内企业，包括康诺亚生物的双抗CM512（推测靶点为IL-13/TSLP），目前在中国开展临床1期研究，拟用于特应性皮炎治疗，2024年7月，康诺亚已通过NewCo模式将CM512大中华区外全球权益授权给Belenos Biosciences；信达生物的IL-4Rα/TSLP双特异性抗体IBI3002，目前正在澳大利亚开展1期临床研究，且已与今年2月24日在中国获批IND，拟用于哮喘的治疗；2024年11月，博奥信与Aclaris Therapeutics就TSLP单抗BSI-045B和TSLP/IL4R双抗BSI-502达成全球（除大中华区外）独家授权协议。IL-4和IL-13是2型免疫反应的强效调节因子，通过双靶点和多靶点作用机制，能够起到协同增效作用。华奥泰生物（华海药业子公司）的TSLP/IL-11的双特异性抗体HB0056，最早于2024.11在新西兰获批临床，于今年2.21获中国NMPA批准IND，HB0056为全球首个TSLP/IL-11双抗。CDX-622是一种靶向TSLP和干细胞因子（SCF）的双特异性抗体，由一家海外肿瘤与免疫领域公司Celldex Therapeutics开发，CDX-622靶向驱动慢性炎症的两个互补途径，有效中和TSLP，并通过干细胞因子（SCF）饥饿消耗肥大细胞，有望同时减少组织肥大细胞和抑制2型炎症反应，目前正在健康志愿者的临床1期研究中。参考文献[1] Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond. Nat Rev Immunol, 2023, 23(1): 24-37.共建Biomedical创新生态圈！如何加入BiG会员？

CHENGDU, China, March 26, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- March. 25, 2025, Keymed Biosciences Inc. (HKEX: 02162) announced its annual results of 2024, along with a corporate update. Rapid development of our pipeline products Stapokibart (CM310) (IL-4Rα antibody) Three new drug applications of Stapokibart for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and seasonal allergic rhinitis have been approved by the NMPA. By the end of 2024, Stapokibart resisted strong sales and recorded revenue of approximately RMB40 million within three and a half months. In September 2024, the new drug application of Stapokibart injection for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults was approved by the NMPA. The phase III clinical study results indicated that at week 52, the rates of achieving EASI-75 for the Stapokibart group and the placebo-to-Stapokibart group were 92.5% and 88.7%, respectively. The EASI-90 response rates were 77.1% and 65.6%, respectively. The rates of achieving an IGA score of 0 or 1 point with a reduction of ≥ 2 points from baseline were 67.3% and 64.2%, respectively. Additionally, the rates of achieving a weekly average reduction of ≥ 4 points from baseline in the daily PP-NRS score were 67.3% and 60.5%, respectively. Long-term treatment with Stapokibart can consistently improve dermatitis symptoms and quality of life in subjects with moderate-to-severe AD. During the maintenance period, only one subject (0.9%) experienced a relapse. In December 2024, the new drug application of Stapokibart injection for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps was approved by the NMPA. The study results showed that the data from the Phase III clinical trial was positive. Compared to the placebo, Stapokibart significantly reduced nasal polyps (NPS improvement of 2.3 from baseline) and alleviated nasal congestion (NCS improvement of 0.7 from baseline) after 24 weeks. The differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Additionally, it effectively relieved rhinosinusitis, restored sense of smell, improved nasal symptoms, and enhanced quality of life. In February 2025, the new drug application of Stapokibart injection for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis was approved by the NMPA. We advanced and completed the data unblinding and statistical analysis for the Phase III clinical study of Stapokibart injection for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The study findings demonstrate that during the pollen season, in comparison with the standard treatment group, which consists of nasal spray hormones combined with antihistamine drugs, the administration of Stapokibart for two weeks effectively controls the typical nasal allergic symptoms of patients, including runny nose, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and sneezing. The least-squares mean (LSMean) of the inter-group difference is -1.3, and its 95% confidence interval (CI) is also -1.3, indicating a highly significant statistical difference (P = 0.0008). This difference far exceeds the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 0.23, clearly demonstrating substantial clinical benefits. Moreover, Stapokibart can effectively alleviate ocular allergic symptoms such as eye itching or burning, eye tearing or watering, and eye redness. It comprehensively enhances the quality of life of patients and exhibits excellent safety. In February 2024, we launched a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Stapokibart injection in adolescent subjects with moderate-to-severe AD. In May 2024, we initiated a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Stapokibart injection in subjects with nodular prurigo. As of the date of this announcement, the patient enrollment for this clinical study is in progress. In June 2024, the long-term efficacy and safety data from the Phase III clinical trial of Stapokibart injection for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD were presented by way of oral presentation at the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Congress 2024. In October 2024, the full text of the 52-week efficacy and safety data of the Phase III clinical study was published in the《Allergy》, the top international journal in allergy and immunology field. CMG901/AZD0901 (Claudin 18.2 ADC) AstraZeneca has conducted multiple clinical studies regarding CMG901 (AZD0901) for the indications of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer, including the Phase III clinical trial for 2L+ gastric cancer, Phase II clinical trial for 1L gastric cancer, Phase II clinical trial for 1L pancreatic cancer, and Phase II clinical trial for 2L+ biliary tract cancer. In June 2024, the data from the Phase I clinical study of CMG901 (AZD0901) in the treatment of advanced G/GEJ cancer were presented by way of oral presentation at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting 2024. On 6 January 2025, the data from the Phase I clinical study was released on the international authoritative oncology journal, The Lancet Oncology. The clinical data indicated that the median progression free survival (mPFS) for all 93 patients with Claudin 18.2-high expressing G/GEJ cancer was 4.8 months, and the median overall survival (mOS) was 11.8 months. CM313 (CD38 antibody) In 2024, we initiated and advanced a multi-center, open-label Phase I/II clinical study. In June 2024, a research paper titled "A Novel Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody for Treating Immune Thrombocytopenia" was published in The New England Journal of Medicine. 95.5% of patients achieved a platelet count of ≥50 × 109/L within 8 weeks upon the first acceptance of CM313 infusion, and the durable platelet count response rate (defined as a platelet count of ≥50 × 109/L observed six or more times among the final eight platelet counts) was 63.6%. In July 2024, we completed Phase Ib/IIa clinical study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity and preliminary efficacy of CM313 injection in subjects with SLE. We plan to initiate a Phase II clinical study in the first half of 2025. In 2024, we initiated a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and preliminary efficacy of CM313(SC) injection in subjects with primary immune thrombocytopenia. The first patient was enrolled and dosed in November 2024. We initiated a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CM313(SC) injection in subjects with IgA nephropathy in early 2025. As of the date of this announcement, preparations for patient enrollment are underway for this study. CM512 (TSLP x IL-13 bispecific antibody) We have initiated a randomized, double-blinded, single/multiple dose-escalation, placebo-controlled Phase I clinical study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of CM512 in healthy subjects and patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, with enrollment of the first subject completed in September 2024. The overseas Phase I clinical trial evaluating CM512 for the treatment of asthma was initiated in the first quarter of 2025. CM336 (BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody) Continuously proceeded with a multi-center, open-label Phase I/II clinical study to assess CM336 injection in treating patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. As of the date of this announcement, the product is currently in the dose-expansion phase of Phase I/II clinical study. In December 2024, the latest data of the phase I/II clinical study of CM336 for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma was presented as a poster at the 66th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. CM383 (Aβ protofibrils antibody) As of the date of this announcement, the enrollment of all subjects in the Phase Ia clinical study of CM383 in healthy subjects was completed; In November 2024, the enrollment of the first subject in Phase Ib clinical study of CM383 in patients with mild cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease origin and mild Alzheimer's disease was completed. CM518D1 (CDH17 ADC) We submitted IND application to CDE, and planned to conduct a multi-center, open-label Phase I/II clinical trial for evaluation of CM518D1 in treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. CM355/ICP-B02 (CD20 x CD3 bispecific antibody) We are conducting a Phase I/II clinical trial in China to assess the safety, tolerability, PK, and the preliminary anti-tumor activity of CM355 in r/r NHL. Dose escalation of the intravenous infusion formulation ("IV") was completed and the subcutaneous formulation ("SC") is being evaluated. Our preliminary data of both IV and SC formulations have shown good efficacy of CM355 in patients with follicular lymphoma ("FL") and DLBCL. CM350 (GPC3 x CD3 bispecific antibody) Continuously proceeded with a Phase I/II clinical study in 2024 to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of CM350 in patients with advanced solid tumors. As of the date of this announcement, the product is currently in the dose-escalation of Phase I/II clinical study. CM369/ICP-B05 (CCR8 antibody) We are conducting a Phase I trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and efficacy of CM369 in subjects with advanced solid tumors and relapsed/refractory NHL. Dose escalation of CM369 has been escalated up to 450 mg in solid tumor and 600 mg in NHL, CM369 was well tolerated with no DLTs nor ≥grade3 TRAEs observed. The preliminary results demonstrated a favorable PK profile with sufficient exposure for target coverage and regulatory T-cell depletion. CM380 (GPRC5D×CD3 bispecific antibody) Preclinical studies indicated that CM380 had favorable antitumor effects and was well tolerated. As of the date of this announcement, we are planning to conduct a multi-center, open-label Phase I/II clinical study for evaluation of CM380 in treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Financial and Business Highlights Actively explore diversified BD models to maximize the global value of the pipeline. In July 2024, Chengdu Keymed entered into a license agreement with Belenos Biosciences,Inc. The license agreement grants Belenos the exclusive rights to develop, manufacture,and commercialize the Group's drug candidates CM512 and CM536 globally (excluding the Greater China region). In return, Chengdu Keymed shall receive an upfront and nearterm payment of US$15 million, and iBridge HK shall receive approximately 30.01% of the equity interest in Belenos as consideration. Subject to achievement of certain development, regulatory and commercial milestones, Chengdu Keymed may also receive additional payments up to US$170 million. As of the date of this announcement, Belenos is planning to initiate a Phase I clinical trial evaluating CM512 for the treatment of asthma. In November 2024, Chengdu Keymed and Platina Medicines Ltd ("PML") entered into an exclusive license agreement. The license agreement grants PML the exclusive right to develop, manufacture and commercialize CM336 globally excluding Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. In return, the Group shall receive an upfront and near-term payment of US$16 million and a minority equity interest in Ouro Medicines, LLC ("Ouro Medicines") as part of the consideration. Ouro Medicines is the parent company of PML and owns 100% of the equity interest in PML. The Group may also receive additional payments of up to US$610 million subject to achievement of certain clinical, regulatory and commercial milestones and is also entitled to receive tiered royalties on net sales of CM336 and related products from PML. In January 2025, Chengdu Keymed entered into an exclusive out-license agreement with Timberlyne Therapeutics, Inc. The license agreement grants the target company the exclusive right to develop, manufacture and commercialize CM313 globally (excluding Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan). In return, the Group shall receive an upfront and near-term payment of US$30 million and equity interest of the target company, being the largest shareholder of this company. The Group may also receive additional payments up to US$337.5 million subject to achievement of certain sales and development milestones. The Group is also entitled to receive tiered royalties on net sales from the target company. In January 2025, Chengdu Keymed, Beijing InnoCare and the Joint Venture have entered into the Agreement with Prolium for the development and commercialization of CM355. Under the terms of the Agreement, Prolium will have the exclusive right to develop, register, manufacture, and commercialize CM355 globally in non-oncology indications and in oncology indications outside of Asia. Rapid expansion of workforce and production facilities As of December 31, 2024, we had 1,300 full-time employees in total, including over 240 employees engaging in commercialization and nearly 400 employees engaging in drug discovery and clinical operations. We will continue to recruit talents to meet the growing needs of commercialization, research and development, clinical, production and operation of the Company. As of the date of this announcement, the production capacity of our production base has reached 20,000 litres in total, and all the designs thereof are in compliance with the requirements of cGMP of the NMPA and FDA. Financial highlights As of December 31, 2024, the Company generated a total annual revenue of RMB 430 million, representing a 21% year-on-year increase. This includes about RMB 40 million in sales revenue from Stapokibart over three and a half months and RMB 390 million in licensing revenue from BD agreements. Throughout 2024, the company continued advancing its differentiated pipeline development and clinical research, with R&D expenditures reaching approximately RMB 730 million, a 23% year-on-year increase. The company maintained a strong cash position with total cash on hand of approximately RMB 2.1 billion. Moving forward, Keymed will continue to establish, and refine its technology platforms, rapidly advancing the development of pipeline candidates in China and globally. The company will comprehensively drive the commercialization of approved product and indications. Concurrently, Keymed will proactively explore strategic partnerships worldwide to accelerate global patient access to its drug candidates through diversified BD models. The company plans to further recruit talent in commercial sales, clinical development, and manufacturing, expand cGMP-compliant production capacity, reduce costs, enhance operational efficiency, and remain committed to developing, producing, and commercializing innovative therapies that are globally competitive, high-quality, and affordable for patients worldwide. SOURCE Keymed WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED