OBJECTIVESThe purpose of the study was to assess the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic treatment strategy in children with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT).METHODSA retrospective study was carried out in patients diagnosed with CMT from October 2020 to March 2023, of the 98 subjects who met the inclusion criteria, 52 subjects underwent arthroscope-assisted treatment and 46 subjects treated with traditional open operation were recruited for the study. Clinical follow-up evaluation was evaluated using the modified Cheng scoring. Besides, the intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTSThere was no statistically significant difference regarding gender proportion, surgical treatment age, and affected side (P > 0.05) between the two groups of patients. Besides, the difference on the operation duration between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). However, the incision length and postoperative hospitalization time in the arthroscope-assisted group were significantly shorter than those of the traditional open surgery group (P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, the torticollis deformity was effectively corrected and the postoperative scars were almost invisible in the arthroscope-assisted group. Based on the Cheng's scoring system, 50 (96.2 %) patients displayed excellent or good clinical results, and 2 (3.8 %) had fair outcomes in the arthroscope-assisted group, and the mean overall scores was comparable to the open surgery group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSWithin the limitations of the study, arthroscope-assisted minimally invasive treatment represents a promising and effective surgical option for children with CMT.