Jai Narain Vyas University

Diabetes often leads to neurodegenerative complications that complicate treatment. Exploring dietary components with neuroprotective properties could offer new therapeutic avenues. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of β-sitosterol against diabetes-associated neurodegenerative complications using a combined in silico and in vivo approach. β-Sitosterol exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in a diabetic neuropathy model. Compared to sitagliptin, β-sitosterol demonstrated stronger binding affinities to DPP4, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase, along with more stable molecular dynamics profiles. In vivo, β-sitosterol treatment markedly improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and antioxidant capacity. Histological analysis revealed reduced neurodegenerative changes and enhanced neuronal integrity in the cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest β-sitosterol as a promising therapeutic agent for managing diabetic neurodegeneration, warranting further research and potential clinical application.

The photogalvanic cells are based on photochem. processes that give rise to high-energy species (i.e., semi- and leuco-reduced forms of the sensitizer mol.) on excitation by a photon.These energy-rich species form the basis of power generation and storage in photogalvanic cells.In photogalvanic cells, chem. reactions usually occur efficiently in an alk. electrolyte.The alk. medium in photogalvanic cells plays a crucial role in facilitating the redox reactions necessary for energy conversion processes.The main aim of the present research is to investigate the photogalvanics of alternate novel working electrode materials, like Al and its alloys, in place of the traditionally used Pt working electrode, and to study their electrochem. properties in an alk. medium.But, it has been observed that electrode materials like Al and its alloys are consumed with hydrogen evolution in alk. solutionsTraditionally reported photogalvanic cells have mainly focused on solar power storage chem. in the form of energy-rich semi- or leuco-reduced dye species.But, in the present research, the evolution of hydrogen provides an addnl. mode of storage of solar power in chem. form through photogalvanic cells.In this study, the photogalvanic system comprising an Al metal working electrode, Allura Red dye photosensitizer, D-Galactose reductant, Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride (DDAC) surfactant, and NaOH alkali has been investigated.A power of 2525.7 μW and a conversion efficiency of 17.65 % have been obtained for the small-sized Al electrode (0.2 cm x 0.3 cm).For a large-sized Al electrode (1.0 cm x 1.0 cm), the obtained power and efficiency were 2392.3 μW and 1.91 %, resp.For the photogalvanic system comprising an Al alloy as the working electrode, Allura Red dye as the photosensitizer, D-Galactose as the reductant, DDAC as the surfactant, and NaOH as the alk. medium, the obtained power and efficiency for the small Al alloy electrode (0.2 cm x 0.3 cm) are 3107.8 μW and 24.78 %, resp., while the obtained power and efficiency for the large Al alloy electrode (1.0 cm x 1.0 cm) are 3423.4 μW and 4.44 %, resp.The observed elec. power output for the photogalvanics of Al metal and Al alloy is significantly higher compared to most of the reported photogalvanic results using Pt electrodes.Indeed, the results obtained in this study are among the highest reported to date for electrodes used in similar research.

A more environmentally sustainable and an efficient Photogalvanic system based on Fenugreek seeds aqueous extract as natural surfactant (saponins), Cellobiose as reductant and Neutral Red dye as photosensitizer is developed to demonstrate a potent cell.This novel system demonstrated excellent results in terms of maximum current, maximum voltage and power at Power Point.The outcomes show potency of Saponins as surfactant in Fenugreek seeds which enhances the cell′s performance by improving the diffusivity, stability and solubility of the dye photosensitizer.The potent cell resulted highest reported performance, with a maximum potential of 914 mV, a maximum current of 14,000 μA, power at power point 1210 μW, current at power point 2000 μA, potential at power point 605 μW and conversion efficiency of 20.04 %.The open circuit potential (V_OC), and the short circuit current (i_SC) was 910 mV, and 9000 μA resp.UV-vis Spectrometry has shown that the Neutral Red dye photosensitizer is photostable in the electrolyte solution and suggested that the fenugreek extract increases the transition moment of the dye photosensitizer.