2区 · 医学
ArticleOA
作者: Jackson, Heather M ; Cebon, Jonathan S ; Maraskovsky, Eugene ; McArthur, Grant A ; Davis, Ian D ; Williams, Geoff ; Corrie, Pippa G ; Evans, T R Jeffry ; Thompson, John F ; Dalgleish, Angus G ; Haack, Dennis ; Cerundolo, Vincenzo ; Nathan, Paul ; Smithers, Mark ; Chen, Weisan ; Hersey, Peter ; Maria, Marples ; MacGregor, Duncan ; Behren, Andreas ; Walpole, Euan ; Endo-Munoz, Liliana ; Fisher, Cyril ; Dunbar, P Rod ; Marsden, Jeremy ; Winkler, Sintia ; Tutuka, Candani S A ; Brimble, Margaret ; Venhaus, Ralph ; Gore, Martin ; Ottensmeier, Christian Hermann ; Old, Lloyd J ; Findlay, Michael P N ; Millward, Michael
Background:To compare the clinical efficacy of New York Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in a randomized, double-blind phase II study in participants with fully resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence.
Methods:Participants with resected stage IIc, IIIb, IIIc and IV melanoma expressing NY-ESO-1 were randomized to treatment with three doses of NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX or ISCOMATRIX adjuvant administered intramuscularly at 4-week intervals, followed by a further dose at 6 months. Primary endpoint was the proportion free of relapse at 18 months in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and two per-protocol populations. Secondary endpoints included relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), safety and NY-ESO-1 immunity.
Results:The ITT population comprised 110 participants, with 56 randomized to NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX and 54 to ISCOMATRIX alone. No significant toxicities were observed. There were no differences between the study arms in relapses at 18 months or for median time to relapse; 139 vs 176 days (p=0.296), or relapse rate, 27 (48.2%) vs 26 (48.1%) (HR 0.913; 95% CI 0.402 to 2.231), respectively. RFS and OS were similar between the study arms. Vaccine recipients developed strong positive antibody responses to NY-ESO-1 (p≤0.0001) and NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+and CD8+responses. Biopsies following relapse did not demonstrate differences in NY-ESO-1 expression between the study populations although an exploratory study demonstrated reduced (NY-ESO-1)+/Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I+double-positive cells in biopsies from vaccine recipients performed on relapse in 19 participants.
Conclusions:The vaccine was well tolerated, however, despite inducing antigen-specific immunity, it did not affect survival endpoints. Immune escape through the downregulation of NY-ESO-1 and/or HLA class I molecules on tumor may have contributed to relapse.