Background:Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a condition characterized by excessive
uric acid production and/or inadequate uric acid excretion due to abnormal purine
metabolism in the human body. Uric acid deposits resulting from HUA can lead to complications
such as renal damage. Currently, drugs used to treat HUA lack specificity and
often come with specific toxic side effects.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the renal protective effects of an optimized
tea polyphenol formula and allopurinol in a rat model of hyperuricemia following renal
resection. The goal was to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects.Methods:Initially, a blend was formulated based on the distinctive functions of catechins,
thearubigins, tea polysaccharides, and theanine. Orthogonal experiments were
then employed to select a rational combination. A 5/6 renal resection rat model was successfully
established, and the animals were fed a 2% oxonic acid diet to induce hyperuricemia.
Urinary protein content was measured using the biuret method, and serum levels
of uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen were determined biochemically. Kidney
pathology was examined through HE staining and renal tubulointerstitial pathological
scoring. The expression of α-SMA, CD34, PCNA, and TGF-β in renal tissue was detected
using immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was assessed
using the TUNEL method.Results:Hyperuricemia markedly worsens renal damage in rats following nephrectomy,
while tea polyphenols demonstrate the ability to reduce levels of blood uric acid, urea nitrogen,
creatinine, and urinary protein. Additionally, tea polyphenols enhance smooth
muscle proliferation in renal glomerular arterioles, prevent the loss of interstitial capillaries,
alleviate apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, promote their proliferation,
and reduce interstitial fibrosis. A significant improvement in the severity of renal damage
is observed in rats subjected to nephrectomy combined with hyperuricemia, and this
effect surpasses that of allopurinol.Conclusion:Tea polyphenols could effectively alleviate renal damage in rats with
nephrectomy combined with hyperuricemia. They demonstrate high cost-effectiveness
and minimal side effects, positioning them as a promising new therapeutic option for hyperuricemia-
induced renal damage.