Comparison of three reversible injectable chemical restraint protocols in Spix´s Owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans) using ketamine, xylazine and midazolam

4区 · 农林科学

Article

作者: Alfonso, Jessy ; Quevedo, Miryam ; Lescano, Jesús ; Fernández, Víctor

AbstractBackgroundThere is scarce information detailing clinical and physiological effects of reversible injectable protocols of chemical restraint on Neotropical primates.MethodsNineteen captive Spix´s Owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans) were assessed in a double‐blind randomized crossover study using the following: ketamine/xylazine [KX], ketamine/midazolam [KM] and ketamine/xylazine/midazolam [KXM]. During immobilization, respiratory and pulse rates, rectal temperature, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and arterial blood pressure were recorded at 5‐minute intervals during a 20‐minute period; afterwards, antagonist drugs (yohimbine for xylazine and flumazenil for midazolam) were, respectively, administered. Quality and duration of induction, immobilization and recovery periods were recorded.ResultsKetamine/xylazine increased manipulation sensitivity and produced poor muscle relaxation. KM maintained all assessed parameters within physiological ranges. KXM produced depressant cardiorespiratory effects and hypotension. All protocols produced hypothermia.ConclusionsBased on its adequate anaesthetic depth and minimum effects on physiological parameters, KM is suitable for immobilizing A vociferans and performing short‐term procedures lasting around 20 minutes.

2019-01-01·European Journal of Neuroscience3区 · 医学

Effects of ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane on rat brain glucose metabolism measured by ¹⁸F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography

3区 · 医学

Article

作者: Sapienza, Marcelo Tatit ; Prando, Silvana ; Otsuki, Denise Aya ; Carneiro, Camila de Godoi

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate changes in glucose metabolism in male Wistar rats induced by the anesthetics isoflurane and ketamine combined with xylazine via 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography. We analyzed the differential effects of the anesthetics on 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and pharmacokinetics in 33 rats using quantification methods: (a) the standardized uptake value, (b) voxel‐based analyses, and (c) kinetic analysis. Both anesthetics reduced glucose uptake in the entire brain. The voxel‐based analyses detected smaller uptake reductions in the bilateral primary somatosensory system cortex and part of the limbic system in the ketamine‐xylazine (KX) group and in the vestibular nucleus in the isoflurane group. Through kinetic analysis, we found that the volume of distribution and the membrane transport rate K1 were reduced in the KX group. Through various methods of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography quantification, the present study found that anesthesia with the ketamine‐xylazine combination induced a global reduction of glucose metabolism compared with isoflurane; this reduction of metabolism was relatively lower in the primary somatosensory cortex and part of the limbic system. The volume of distribution of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose and its Glut1‐mediated transport across the brain membranes (K1) were decreased in the KX group.

2018-07-01·Journal of Wildlife Diseases3区 · 农林科学

THE USE OF KETAMINE-XYLAZINE OR BUTORPHANOL-AZAPERONE-MEDETOMIDINE TO IMMOBILIZE AMERICAN BLACK BEARS (URSUS AMERICANUS)

3区 · 农林科学

Article

作者: Muller, Lisa I. ; Williamson, Ryan H. ; Blair, Coy D.

Wildlife anesthetic protocols must offer rapid inductions and recoveries, be physiologically safe, and be minimally regulated. With this in mind, we evaluated differences in induction and recovery times and physiological parameters in 33 American black bears ( Ursus americanus) anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine (KX) or immobilized with a commercial drug combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine (BAM). Dose was based on mass estimated from field observations. Bears were housed at Appalachian Bear Rescue, Townsend, Tennessee, US, or free-ranging within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee and North Carolina, US) and chemically immobilized for management purposes. From 11 April to 29 June 2016, we immobilized bears with injection via pole syringe or disposable dart projected from an air-powered dart rifle. Once immobilized, we measured each bear's temperature, respiration (breaths/min), heart rate (beats/min), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (via pulse oximetry), arterial blood gases, and mass (kg). We found no differences in the induction parameters, partial pressures of CO₂, and rectal temperatures. The BAM-treated bears had lower heart and respiratory rates that led to lower hemoglobin oxygen saturation levels (from blood gas analysis, SaO₂). The SaO₂ after treatment with BAM (91.1±0.8%) was lower than with KX (93.4±0.9%). After handling, we reversed KX-treated bears with a x̄=0.2±0.02 mg/kg yohimbine and BAM-treated bears with x̄=1.5±0.1 mg/kg atipamezole and 0.8±0.1 mg/kg naltrexone. We found no differences in the recovery times to increased respiration and to the bear assuming a head-up position. The BAM-treated bears stood and recovered quicker than did KX-treated animals. Based on our observations, BAM appears to offer safe, predictable immobilizations with fewer drawbacks and faster recovery times than KX-treated bears.

100 项与 KX1 相关的药物交易

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